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https://www.dynamore.de/en/downloads/papers/09conference/papers/D-II-04.pdf
http://content.lib.utah.edu/utils/getfile/collection/etd3/id/547/filenam
e/169.pdf
Foam behaviour
http://www.mate.tue.nl/mate/pdfs/10702_sec.pdf
noelasticrecoveryoccurswhereIMPAXXshowslowelasticrecovery
EPS Properties
Crushable Foam in ABAQUS
- this model assumes isotropic elastic material
- suitable for RIGID polymeric foams [reference 8 Finite Element
Polystyrene,polyethyleneandpolypropyleneareusedinclosedcellapplications.Polystyrene
tendstoproducerigidfoamswhilepolyethyleneandpolypropyleneproduceflexiblefoams
ofhighlyvariedconsistencybasedonthemorphology
[http://www.datapointlabs.com/testpaks/2009/lsdyna09.pdf]
Lowelasticrecovery,whichinitselfwouldleadtothechoiceofthecrushablefoammaterial
model
https://books.google.com.au/books?
id=O4uNJjUT3ngC&pg=PA129&lpg=PA129&dq=XPS+35+foam&sou
rce=bl&ots=fVmSc8E8_7&sig=8Qwfxxt1FarVW5a0zLBU5GMfaYY&hl
=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjZpZLtkpjMAhVE6WMKHXR9CioQ6AEIITA
B#v=onepage&q=XPS%2035%20foam&f=false
ABAQUS documentation:
http://129.97.46.200:2080/v6.13/books/usb/default.htm
Curshable foam plascity model: are used to model the enhanced ability of a
foam material to deform in compression due to cell wall buckling processes (it
is assumed that the resulting deformation is not recoverable instantaneously
and can, thus, be idealized as being plastic for short duration events
Hardening model
The hardening curve must describe the uniaxial compression yield stress as a
function of the corresponding plastic strain
Two types: Volumetric and Isotropic
hydrostatic tension loading the volumetric hardening model assumes a
perfectly plastic behavior, while the isotropic hardening model predicts the
same behavior in both hydrostatic tension and hydrostatic compression.
WE MODEL VOLUMETRIC: reference [8]
Abaqus/CAE Usage:
Property module: material editor: Mechanical
Plasticity
Crushable Foam: Hardening:
Volumetric
To use this model, one needs to know the initial yield stress in
uniaxial compression,
compression,
; and the yield strength in hydrostatic
tension,
. Since foam materials are rarely tested in tension, it
is usually necessary to guess the magnitude of the strength of
the foam in hydrostatic tension,
. The choice of tensile
strength should not have a strong effect on the numerical results
unless the foam is stressed in hydrostatic tension. A common
approximation is to set
equal to 5% to 10% of the initial yield
stress in hydrostatic compression
; thus,
= 0.05 to 0.10.
Elements
The crushable foam plasticity model can be used with plane strain,
generalized plane strain, axisymmetric, and three-dimensional solid
(continuum) elements. This model cannot be used with elements for which the
stress state is assumed to be planar (plane stress, shell, and membrane
elements) or with beam, pipe, or truss eleme