Final Examination Candidate Form

Before you begin your examination, please fill out this form and leave it at
the side of your desk along with your student I.D. Please sign at time of
collection.

Date:

April 10, 2014

Seat# __________
Name: ________________________________
(please print) Surname

_______________________________
Given Names

Student Number:

Course: EESA06
eg. (CHMA10H)

Lecture#: ________________
Instructors Name: Dr. Nick Eyles
I verify that the above information is true and fully accurate and that I have no
unauthorized aids in my possession.
Signature: _______________________________________________
(sign only at time form is collected)
1

1. Please examine the following figure. The rock on top of the dashed line is a Cambrian
limestone. The rock below the dashed line is Cretaceous shale. Which of the following
statements about the figure is false?

a) this resulted from an orogeny

b) this is a thrust fault
c) you would be likely to find fossils in the upper rocks
d) none of the above statements is false
2. Please examine the following figure. Please put the parts of the cycle back into
chronological order, beginning with i.

a) i; vi; iii; v; ii; iv b) i; iv; ii; v; iii; vi

c) i; iv; ii; iii; v; vi d) i; iv; ii; v; vi; iii
e) none of the above is correct

3. If the land surface of Hudsons Bay has uplifted by 250 metres and the land surface of
Lake Superior region has uplifted 150 metres (since the last glaciation) which of the
following statements is most likely to be false?
a) both areas were covered by ice during the last glaciation
b) Lake Superior was likely closer to the centre of the glacier than was Hudsons Bay
c) both areas have undergone crustal rebound
d) both areas were down warped under the weight of the ice, then rose after it melted
e) all of the statements are true

4. Please examine the following figure and place the geologic features (i through v) in the
most likely chronological order (i.e. their order of occurrence).

a) v, iv, iii, ii, i b) v, iv, iii, i, ii

c) iii, v, iv, ii, i d) i, iii, v, iv, ii
e) It is impossible to tell the order from the information given.

Please match the following terms and definitions for questions 5. 6 and 7. Choose the best
answer for each. You may use each answer as many or as few times as you wish.
a) uses interrelationships between layered rock to interpret the history of an area
b) specialize in the study of fossils c) specialize in isotopic dating of rocks
d) specialize in volcanology e) none of the above
5. geochronology

6. paleontology

7. stratigraphy

8. Originally the subdivisions of the geological time scale were only based on relative
age relationships.
a) True b) False

9. Please arrange the following divisions of geologic time in order of decreasing size
(i.e. the longest time period to the shortest time period).
i Epoch ii Era
iii Period
a) i, ii, iii

b) i, iii, ii

c) ii, iii,i

d) ii, i, iii

e) iii, ii, i

10. Carbon 14 Nitrogen 14 dating could be used to date rocks from the
a) Cambrian b) Holocene c) Mesozoic
d) Silurian
e) Triassic
11. Uranium 238 Lead 206 dating could not be used to date rocks from the
a) Ordovician b) Pleistocene c) Proterozoic
d) Silurian
e) Tertiary

12. The oldest identifiable fossils are

a) land plants b) simple worms c) viruses
d) single-celled organisms such as bacteria
e) trilobites

_.

13. The best rocks to date using isotopic techniques are

a) igneous b) clastic sedimentary c) organic sedimentary
d) metamorphic e) quartz-rich

rocks.

Please refer to the figure for questions 14, 15, 16 and 17. Choose the best answer.

14. Which section(s) of the image show(s) the Grenville orogeny?

a) section a
b) section b
c) section d
d) sections a and d
e) none of the above sections shows the Grenville orogeny
15. Which section(s) of the image show(s) the Taconic orogeny?
a) section a
b) section b
c) section d
d) section a and d
e) none of the above sections shows the Taconic orogeny
16. Which section(s) of the image show(s) a passive margin on the Atlantic coast?
a) section a
b) section b
c) section c
d) section (b, e, f)
e) None of the above sections shows a passive margin on the Atlantic coast.
17. Which section(s) of the image show(s) an accretion of terranes onto the Western
margin of North America?
a) section a
b) section b
c) section (e, f)
d) section (b, e, f)
e) None of the above sections shows an accretion of terranes onto the Western margin of
North America.
18. Currently, the eastern edge of Canada is a(n)
margin.
a) active b) continent-ocean subducting c) ocean-ocean subducting d) passive
e) transform
5

19. The formation of

separated the Pacific from the Atlantic Ocean and probably
contributed to global cooling and glaciation.
a) Baltica
b) Gondwanaland
c) Pangea
d) the isthmus of Panama
e) the Rocky Mountains
20. You are going on a fossil hunt. Which of the following areas would you be most
interested in?
a) Banded gneisses of Parry Sound, ON,
b) Breccia from the Sudbury, ON area,
c) Paleozoic limestones of southern Ontario,
d) Pillow basalts of the Giant Mine near Yellowknife, NWT,
e) Pillow lavas of Betts Cove, Newfoundland
21. Discrete fragments of oceanic or continental material that have been accreted to the
edge of a craton by an active margin are called
.
a) margins
d) terranes

b) provinces
e) none of the above

c) shields

22. The tectonic construction of North America has taken more than 4000 million years.
a) True b) False
23. Some of the oldest rocks in the world are found in the Northwest Territories.
a) True b) False
24. The Burgess Shale is a window into life on Earth during the
a) Cambrian explosion
b) death of the dinosaurs
c) evolution of bacteria d) last glaciation
25. The modern landscape of Canada is mostly the result of
over the last 2.5 million years.
a) earthquakes b) glaciations c) landslides
d) meteor impacts e) volcanic eruptions

that have occurred

26. Evidence for the closure of the Iapetus Ocean can be found in the ophiolites of
Newfoundland.
a) True b) False
27. The North American craton is exposed in the Grand Canyon.
a) True b) False
28. What is permafrost?
a) ground that remains unfrozen except for a thin surface layer
b) ground that is perennially frozen
c) ground that was frozen during the Precambrian
d) ground that is annually frozen
e) none of the above
29. DNAPLs are less dense than LNAPLs?
a) True b) False
30. A sub-bottom profiler measures:
a) the topography of the lake floor b) water depth
c) both a and b
d) neither a nor b
31. The proposed McKenzie pipeline in the Northwest Territories
is to be built on permafrost. a) True b) False
32. What is the biggest environmental threat from landfill sites?
a) leachate
b) methane
c) odours
d) all of the above e) none of the above

33. A flashy river is usually the result of hardening of the watershed?

a) True b) False
34. What geological epoch do we live in?
a) Cambrian b) Cenozoic c) Holocene d) Precambrian
35. At Wiarton, ON polluted water from a landfill site entered the towns drinking water
with deadly effect.
a) True b) False
36. What part of Canada is the most prone to droughts?
a) The Arctic
b) Southern Alberta
c) Newfoundland
d) Yukon
e) All of the above
37. AMD is the result of the oxidation of pyrite.
a) True b) False
38. LNAPL floats on water.
a) True b) False
39. An artesian well is located in a confined aquifer.
a) True b) False
40. The melt of permafrost causes uplift of the ground surface.
a) True b) False
41. A hydrograph depicts changing discharge of a river through time.
a) True b) False
42. A water well in an aquitard yields a lot of
water. a) True b) False
43. A talik refers to unfrozen groundwater in an area of permafrost.
a) True b) False
44. An unconfined aquifer is overlain by a confining layer.
a) True b) False
45. What is the approximate age in millions of years of the
Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary (i.e. when the dinosaurs
became extinct).
a) 100 Ma b) 65 Ma c) 80 Ma d) none of the above
46. The Scot James Hutton discovered unconformities:
a) True or b) False?
47. A drumlin is a tropical landform common in China:
a) False or b) True
8

48. Ice ages and interglacials are driven by Milankovitch cycles

a) False or b) True
49. We live in the Sangamon Interglacial a) True or b) False.
50. The last glaciation was called the Wisconsin:
a) True or b) False.
51. The Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) is the largest glacial landform in Southern
Ontario. a) true or b) false.
52. ORM is known as the rain barrel of Ontario:
a) True or b) False.
53. What does brownfield site mean?
a) agricultural land b) land already used by industry etc or
c) land exposed by melt of snow in the Arctic.
54. What do you understand the term site remediation to
mean?
a) site cleanup of contaminants in soil or water or
b) site clearance of vegetation?
55. Is road salt a toxic contaminant? a) yes b) no.
56. Is there a cheap and effective alternative to using road
salt? a) no b) yes.
57. The last Canadian ice sheet was so large sea level was
lowered by approximately 75 m. a) true or b) false.
58. The Laurentide Ice Sheet was 500 m thick:
a) true or b) false.
59. The Anthropocene refers to what?
a) the last 1 million years, b) the last 10,000 years, or
c) the last 250 years since the Industrial Revolution.
60. Who made the first geologic maps:
a) the ancient Egyptians 3000 years ago,
b) William Smith 200 years ago or c) both.
61. According to best estimates there have been at least
a) 50 or, b) 4 glaciations during the last 2 million years.
62. Erosion and sedimentation by urban rivers usually result in a reduced frequency of
flooding.
a) True b) False
9

63. The concept that the present is the key to the past is called uniformitarianism.
a) true or b) false.
64. Apart from catastrophic events like large meteorite impacts that result in widespread
extinctions, the concept of uniformitarianism has not served geoscientists very well.
a) true or b) false.
65. Geologists have recognised a cycle of supercontinent formation and breakup: it is called
a) the Wilson cycle, b) the supercycle or c) the all-terrane mountain cycle.
66. Planet Earth formed about 4.56 billion (Giga annum or Ga) years ago by condensation and
accretion of dust and planetary debris: a) true or b) false.
67. What is Archbishop Ussher famous for:
a) the first estimate of the age of the Earth
b) discovery of glaciation or
c) the first geologic map?
68. The climate record of the last 2 million years is best preserved
a) on land or b) in the ocean?
69. Arthurs Seat in Edinburgh in Scotland is: a) a long dead volcano, b) a resting place for
travellers or c) the house where James Hutton once lived.
70. James Hutton is regarded as the father of modern geoscience a) true or b) false.
71. Greenstone belts are ___:
a) metamorphosed basalts b) partially melted gneisses

c) granites d) Acasta Gneiss

72. Moraines are interglacial landforms. a) True b) False

73. The Grenville Orogeny records the final assembly of Pangea. a) True b) False
74. Greenstone belts record ancient oceans. a) True b) False
75. What is the most important piece of information in mineral exploration projects in
Canada?
a) the former direction of flow of the last ice sheet b) the weather or
c) vegetation types.
76. An erratic boulder was carried by floodwaters: a) true or b) false.
77. Erratic boulders were first recognized by ___ Agassiz: a) Alfred b) William
c) Mary or d) Louis
78. The Acasta gneiss contains zircons; a) correct or b) incorrect?
79. What is till?: a) a glacial sediment b) a deep marine sediment or
c) deposited by rivers?
10

80. The Ordovician period follows

a) the Cambrian b) Precambrian or c) Silurian periods?
81. An esker is a glacial landform composed of till. a) true or b) false?
82. An esker is a glacial landform composed of sand and gravel: a) true or b) false?
83. Rocks of the Grenville Orogeny underlie most of southern Ontario.
a) True b) False
84. What is the longer time period: a) the Precambrian or b) Cambrian?
85. What is meant by quick clay? a) sediment that was deposited in a cold glacial sea
or b) a moraine?
86. The last interglacial was much colder than our modern climate. a) true or b) false.
87. Modern day glaciers are expanding worldwide a) true or b) false.
88. Canadas first diamond mine is at Ekati: a) true or b) false.
89. What is a kimberlite pipe? a) narrow carrot-shaped igneous intrusions or b) a dyke?
90. The large ice-dammed lake that covered Toronto 11,000 years ago is called Iroquois.
a) true or b) false.
91. Southern Ontario is moving westward by 3.7 cm a year and rising slowly by a few
millimeters a year: a) true or b) false
92. The principle of faunal succession allows rocks to be correlated based on their
fossils: a) false or b) true.
93. Earthquakes in Southern Ontario are called extraplate earthquakes:
a) true or b) false.
94. Risk from damaging earthquakes is decreasing as Canadas urban areas grow larger:
a) true or b) false?
95. The effects of an earthquake are much reduced where buildings occur on soft wet
soils. a) true or b) false.
96. Earthquakes in Ontario are mostly related to the presence of old, deeply buried faults
a) true or b) false.
97. Sudbury Basin refers to an ancient volcanic crater: a) true or b) false.
11

98. Shatter cones are:

a) ice cream cones, b) the record of meteorite impacts or
c) violent volcanic eruptions.
99. Where would you go in Ontario to see shatter cones? a) Toronto, b) Kingston or
c) Guelph, or d) none of the above.
100. Scarborough Bluffs near UTSC campus reveal a world-famous succession of
glacial sediments. a) true or b) false.

12