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Techno-Economic Evaluation of
Sewage Sludge Gasification
Sharon McCahey
University of Ulster
www.ulster.ac.uk
SEWAGE
www.ulster.ac.uk
SEWAGE
www.ulster.ac.uk
SEWAGE
(Recent Figures:1998-2000)
2000
1600
1200
800
400
0
y aly K ce in ds ria en nd rk al ce m nd rg
n
a It U an pa an st ed la ma tug ee giu la ou
m
Fr S erl Au Sw Fin en Por Gr Bel Ire mb
er
e
D
G
th
x
e
u
N
L
e
h
T
www.ulster.ac.uk
SEWAGE
2000
1600
1200
800
400
0
ly
tI a
ce
n
a
Fr
in
a
p
rt
o
P
al
g
u
ec
e
r
e
Be
um
i
lg
Lu
b
m
xe
rg
u
o
www.ulster.ac.uk
SEWAGE
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The Netherlands
France
Spain
www.ulster.ac.uk
SEWAGE
Number
Sludge
Produced
(TDS)
Approx.
Average
Berlin
65,400
22,000
Bremen
18,500
9,000
Hamburg
41,500
42,000
Hesse
27,700
28,000
North-Rhine
Westphalia
13
1,900,000
146,000
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SEWAGE
Cr
Zn
Cu
Pb
0
200
400
600
800
1000
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SEWAGE
France
Ireland
Denmark
Berlin
Austria
Spain
UK
Hg
Cd
10
12
14
16
(%db)
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SEWAGE
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Cl
S
H
C
Water
Ash
Cal Val MJ/kg
Ni
Hg
Cd
N
Org Mat
Dry Sol
0
20
40
(%db)
60
80
100
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SEWAGE
Samples
20
40
60
80
100
Dry Solids (% )
www.ulster.ac.uk
SEWAGE
Agriculture Incineration
Other
Sewage
Sludge
Disposal
Spain
18391
460086
46851
5504
Austria
98700
44800
147600
102100
(TDS)
Portugal
90373
44000
12627
5934
1170
1896
188853
577668
233289
111090
Denmark
13305
77115
32853
109463
Ireland
14944
3363
16177
The Netherlands
68000
110000
200000
23000
101047
56294
1053000
234000
13000
France
67305
606695
255001
Finland
14540
23820
121150
Greece
90000
6000
Luxembourg
UK
Sweden
Italy
45937
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SEWAGE
Techno-Economic Analysis
Aim: to perform a techno-economic assessment of sewage
sludge gasification for CHP applications
3 gasification technologies: fixed bed
fluidised bed
spouted bed
CHP unit: engine, generator, heat recovery, control, exhaust
100% sewage sludge, 20% coal, 50% wood
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SEWAGE
www.ulster.ac.uk
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
SEWAGE
Sludge
Carbon
Coal
Wood
54.26
84.00
46.07
8.67
5.70
6.32
Oxygen
32.43
6.06
47.61
Nitrogen
4.65
1.50
0.01
Sulphur
0.96
2.60
0.00
Hydrogen
Chlorine
LHV (MJ/kg)
0.14
20.42
34.35
18.91
25
6.30
8.53
18.78
6.20
1.78
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SEWAGE
5740
5740
5740
1050
1130
950
Fan (kW)
42
45
37
20
20
20
Conveyer (kW)
30
30
30
Total (KW)
92
95
87
958
1035
863
2517
2787
2453
16.69
18.03
15.04
60.53
66.58
57.77
2647
2697
2585
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SEWAGE
6464
6464
6464
1305
1348
1214
Fan (kW)
42
45
37
20
20
20
Conveyer (kW)
30
30
30
Total (KW)
92
95
87
1305
1348
1214
3013
3150
2947
20.19
20.85
18.78
66.80
69.59
64.37
2858
2914
2792
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SEWAGE
6026
6026
6026
1179
1247
1079
Fan (kW)
34
39
34
20
20
20
Conveyer (kW)
30
30
30
Total (KW)
84
89
84
1179
1247
1079
2532
2744
2550
19.56
20.69
17.90
61.58
66.23
60.22
2726
2778
2663
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SEWAGE
Economic Evaluation
- Some factors considered
Sewage: availability, transport, gate fee, ash disposal
Drying: full drying integration, transportation of wet or dry?
Size: >500,000 PE STW
Sludge produced in each
16,000 TDS/year
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SEWAGE
BEESP (C/kWh)
8.00
7.50
7.00
6.50
6.00
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Fixed Bed
Fluidised Bed
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SEWAGE
7.00
BEESP (c/kWh)
6.80
6.60
6.40
6.20
6.00
5.80
5.60
Spouted Bed
100% sludge
Fixed Bed
80%sludge/20%coal
Fluidised Bed
50%sludge/50%wood
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SEWAGE
6.06
3.36
BEESP (c/kWh)
ash disposal
7.44
4.74
30+
(150E/t)
2.73
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