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Important Terms and Definitions for JE-ATC Interview

FEBRUARY 13, 2016 BY SUDHIR SHEORAN | LAST UPDATED: MARCH 13, 2016 | 2 COMMENTS

In this article, which is aimed at preparation for JE-ATC Interview, I will first give some basic
definitions that you must know before appearing in the ATC Interview. These are general terms
ATC guys encounter in day to day business like what is Aircraft? What is a Runway or Taxiway?
How do they define Flight levels in the sky?
Once this definition part is done then I will focus on Communication, Navigation and
Surveillance Systems that are very essential for safe conduct of flight in all the phases of a flight.
These systems make it possible to monitor and guide so many aircraft in the sky or ground at
any given time.

Definitions:
Aerodrome: In aviation an airport is usually called an Aerodrome. It is a defined area on land
or water (including any buildings, installations and equipment) intended to be used either wholly
or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft.
Aircraft: Any machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air
other than the reactions of the air against the earths surface.
Runway: A defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the landing and takeoff of aircraft.
Taxiway: A defined path on a land aerodrome established for the taxiing of aircraft and
intended to provide a link between one part of the aerodrome and another.

 Elevation: The vertical distance of a point or a level, on or affixed to the surface of the earth,
measured from mean sea level.
Flight Level: A surface of constant atmospheric pressure which is related to a specific pressure
datum, 1 013.2 hecto-pascals (hPa), and is separated from other such surfaces by specific
pressure intervals.
Track. The projection on the earths surface of the path of an aircraft, the direction of which
path at any point is usually expressed in degrees from North (true, magnetic or grid)

Communication, Navigation and Surveillance Systems

used in ATC:
Radar: A radio detection device which provides information on range, azimuth and/or
elevation of objects.
Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR): A surveillance radar system which uses reflected radio
signals.
Secondary Radar: A radar system wherein a radio signal transmitted from the radar station
initiates the transmission of a radio signal from another station.
Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR): SSR is a surveillance radar system which uses
transmitters/receivers (interrogators) and transponders.
CPDLC: The CPDLC (Controller-Pilot Data Link Communication) application provides a means
of communication between the controller and pilot, using data link for ATC communication.
VOR: VHF Omni Directional Radio Range (VOR) is a type of short-range radio navigation
system for aircraft, enabling aircraft with a receiving unit to determine their position and stay on
course by receiving radio signals transmitted by a network of fixed ground radio beacons.
ILS: Instrument Landing System (ILS) enables aircraft to land if the pilots are unable to establish
visual contact with the runway. It does this by way of transmitted radio signals.
Localizer: The Localizer is used to provide horizontal guidance to the Pilot. It indicates how far
off of its optimal path of descent is along the axis of the runway.

 Glide Slope: It provides vertical guidance to the Pilot. The glide slope indicator ensures that
the aircraft is following the glide path to remain above obstructions and reach the runway at the
proper touchdown point.
DME: Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) is a transponder-based radio navigation
technology that provides pilots with a slant range measurement of distance to the runway in
nautical miles.
Marker Beacon: A marker beacon is a particular type of VHF radio beacon used in aviation,
usually in conjunction with an instrument landing system(ILS), to give pilots a means to
determine position along an established route to a destination such as a runway.
a) Outer marker: The Outer Marker is situated on the same course/track as the localizer and the
runway center-line, four to seven nautical miles before the runway threshold.
b) Middle marker: A middle marker works on the same principle as an outer marker. It is
normally positioned 0.5 to 0.8 nautical miles (1 km) before the runway threshold.
c) Inner marker: Similar to the outer and middle markers; located at the beginning (threshold)
of the runway on some ILS approach systems.
GNSS: A satellite navigation system with global coverage may be termed a global navigation
satellite system (GNSS). GNSS is used to pinpoint the geographic location of a users receiver
anywhere in the world.
GBAS: Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS) is a safety-critical system that augments
the GNSS Standard Positioning Service (SPS) by differential corrections and integrity monitoring
and provides enhanced levels of service.
SBAS: Satellite-Based augmentation system (SBAS) is a system that supports wide-area or
regional augmentation through the use of additional satellite-broadcast messages.
GPS: Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based navigation system that provides location
and time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an
unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites.
ADS-B: Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADSB) is a cooperative surveillance
technology in which an aircraft determines its position via satellite navigation. The information
can be received by air traffic control ground stations as a replacement for secondary radar. It
can also be received by other aircraft to provide situational awareness and allow self separation.
ADSB is automatic in that it requires no pilot or external input. It is dependent in that it

depends on data from the aircrafts navigation system.

ACAS: Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) is also known as TCAS (Traffic Collision
Avoidance System). TCAS/ACAS is an aircraft system which works on the basis of Secondary
Surveillance Radar (SSR) transponder signals that work independently of ground-based
equipment. It provides advice to the pilot on potential conflicting aircraft that are equipped with
SSR transponders.
Share the post if you found it useful.
Reference: ICAO DOC 4444.
Edit: AAI has given a link to check the normalised marks of the candidates who appeared in the
JE-ATC Exam conducted on 26 Dec. 2015. You need to enter your Application Number & Date of
Birth. Check your marks by clicking here.
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About sudhir sheoran

After graduating from university with a degree in Printing Technology, Sudhir Sheoran quickly got his
feet wet in the blogging world. He decided to take his passion to the next level and founded
INCOMOPEDIA. He loves writing about Printing Industry, Blogging, Make Money Online Opportunities and
Everything Else that fascinates him.

Comments
ratna says
APRIL 5, 2016 AT 10:22 AM

Sir,