Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Table of Contents
Technological Expertise
116
1922
2539
4157
Percussion Hammers
5965
Specialty Applications
6773
Reference Guide
7597
Technological Expertise
Technological Expertise
Innovative Smith Bits technology provides analyses, optimization, and support for every stage of
the drilling program, from planning to execution
Engineering and Modeling
Hydraulics
Inserts
Diamond-Impregnation Technology
Delivering application-specific drill bits with higher performance and greater reliability
The IDEAS* design platform uses
advanced simulation and modeling to
design and certify every new Smith Bits
drill bit. It has five basic elements that
enable it to optimize bitperformance.
Comprehensive drilling
systemanalysis
Application-specific enhancements
Define
Performance
Objectives
IDEAS Platform
Simulation
Design
Test
Analyze
Build
Bit
Test
Bit
Certify Bit
Integrate
new bit into
product line
www.slb.com/IDEAS
3
www.slb.com/IDEAS
4
www.slb.com/iDrill
6
Continuous evaluation
whiledrilling
www.slb.com/ASE
7
Postwell Analysis
www.slb.com/ASE
8
Operator deliverables
Various levels of analysis are offered, and for each level, data
is presented graphically in log plot form, and statistically in the
interval analysis plots. The analysis evaluates key bit performance
variables over the given intervals, identifying which bit will be the
most successful for drilling through specific single intervals or over
multiple intervals, based on experience data and the knowledge
based heuristics.
DBOS comprises
Parallel analysis for roller cone bit options, PDC bit applications
and high-speed turbodrilling options are all considered. The final
proposed bit program combines this input for optimized Interval
cost per foot.
www.slb.com/DBOS
9
directional surveys
Real-time applications
www.slb.com/DBOS
10
drilling contractors
mud loggers
directional drillers
reservoir engineers
management personnel
materials suppliers.
www.slb.com/YieldPointRT
11
www.slb.com/records
12
V-Flo
V-Flo* vectored-flow
nozzle configuration uses
three directed nozzles
to allocate available
hydraulic energy for
improved penetration
rates through superior
cutting-structure
cleaning and efficient
cuttings evacuation.
S-Flo
In applications with
high percentages of
solids in the mud and
in abrasive formations,
S-Flo* standard-flow
nozzle configuration uses
three identical nozzles to
allocate hydraulic energy
for increased bit life.
Zone 3
X-Flo
Zone 2
Zone 1
Low strength
formations that
generate large
cuttings volumes and
drill with soft TCI bits.
Medium strength
formations that
generate moderate
cuttings volumes
with medium hard
TCI bits.
13
High strength
formations that
generate low
cuttings volumes
with hard
TCI bits.
Insert Options
Geometry Choices
Smith Bits pioneered the use of specific insert shapes in 1995, and
uses proprietary tools to determine the best geometry for a given
bit design. These are available in four options:
Incisor
DogBone
ACE
Conical and chisel inserts are designed for hard and soft
formations respectively.
The unique geometry of the DogBone* durable and aggressive
drillbit insert is designed for maximum ROP and impact
resistance.
The asymmetric conic edge (ACE) insert is a hybrid of the
conical and chisel inserts. It has an offset conical top for
increased strength, and a flatter leading side to enhance
scraping. The design is highly resistant to breakage and impact
damage, yet more aggressive and effective in softer formations
than a standard conical insert.
Incisor* concave drillbit insert combines the benefits of
the ACE, chisel, and DogBone designs. With a sharp offset,
C-shaped crest and larger corner radii, it is designed for soft to
medium-hard formations.
Material Choices
Diamond-Enhanced Insert
14
Relieved
Gauge Chisel
Chisel
Conical
www.slb.com/Shamal
15
Diamond-Impregnation
Grit Hot-Pressed Inserts (GHI) Technology
16
19
By reconfiguring the bit with the Stinger element, a column of rock is allowed
to form at the center of the cutting structure, which is continuously crushed
and fractured, increasing drilling efficiency.
20
0.14
0.12
High wear area
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
In abrasive formations, the bits shoulder area (between the center of the
cutting structure and gauge) is where cutters typically experience the
greatest amount of wear. The ability IDEAS drillbit design platform has to
predict the degree and precise location of this wear makes it an invaluable
design tool.
21
StingBlade
conical diamond element bit
Superior performance in hard-to-drill applications
Footage
200200
150
100100
50
00
-50
100-100
-150
-200
200
Footage
Footage
Lateral vibrations, gn
200
100
0
Footage
Footage
FEA modeling shows that the Stinger element (right) enacts a higher stress
on the formation, fracturing high-compressive-strength rock more efficiently
compared with a conventional PDC cutter (left).
rations (G's)
200
150
100
50
0
25
26
Directional nomenclature
M D i 6 16
Cutter size
Blade count
iIDEAS certified
DIDEAS directional
certified
M/SMatrix or steel
121/4-in MDi616
www.slb.com/directional
27
SHARC nomenclature
M D S i 6 13
Cutter size
Blade count
iIDEAS certified
SSHARC
DIDEAS directional certified
M/SMatrix or steel
81/2-in MDSi613LBPX
www.slb.com/SHARC
28
Spear nomenclature
S D i 6 13
The next-generation Spear bits feature a smaller body profile that promotes the
movement of cuttings around the body and into the junk slot.
Cutter size
Blade count
iIDEAS certified
DIDEAS directional certified
SSpear shale-optimized steel-body
www.slb.com/Spear
29
M i 6 16
Cutter size
Blade count
iIDEAS certified
M/SMatrix or steel
83/4-in Mi616MSPX
www.slb.com/pdc
30
Cast-in GHI
Application-specific design
Most Kinetic bits use strategically placed premium PDC cutters in the
cone area to improve drillout capability and maximize ROP, while the
impregnated matrix material enhances durability. TSP diamond inserts
are positioned on the gauge to ensure that the bit maintains a fullgauge hole. In extremely abrasive applications, TSP diamond elements
are also placed on the bit shoulder for increased wear resistance in
this critical area. Kinetic bits can be customized with different bonding
materials and diamonds to match the formation being drilled and
the drive system used, making the bits ideal for exploiting the higher
rotational velocities possible with turbodrills.
Central flow
Dedicated
fluid port
Kinetic nomenclature
K H 8 13
Cutter size
Blade count
HHybrid
KKinetic impreg
www.slb.com/Kinetic
31
L Feature
Low Exposure
(MDOCManaged Depth Of Cut)
Feature:
M Feature
Replaceable Lo-Vibe Inserts
Feature:
V Feature
Lo-Vibe Option
Feature:
G Feature
PowerDrive Archer System
Gauge Configuration
Feature:
32
Z Feature
Stingerconical diamond element
Feature:
K Feature
Impregnated Cutter Backing
Feature:
H Feature
Anti-balling
Feature:
33
N Feature
Fewer Nozzles than Standard
Feature:
Fewer nozzles
Y Feature
30-Series Nozzles
Feature:
W Feature
40-Series Nozzles
Feature:
U Feature
50-Series Nozzles
Feature:
Advantage: Maximum adjustable total flow area (TFA) for smalleror heavier-set designs
Benefit:
34
Q Feature
Fixed Ports
Feature:
R Feature
ONYX 360 rolling cutter
Feature:
E Feature
Extended Gauge Length
Feature:
Advantage: Enhances bit stability and allows more area for gauge
protection components
Benefit:
35
A Feature
Active Gauge
Feature:
Active gauge
B Feature
Backreaming Cutters
Feature:
Backreaming cutters
36
PX Feature
Diamond-Enhanced Gauge Protection
PX
Feature:
T Feature
Turbine Sleeve
Feature:
Turbine sleeve
PXX Feature
Full-Diamond Gauge Pad on
Turbine Sleeve
PXX
Feature:
37
D Feature
DOG Drilling on Gauge Sleeve
Feature:
C Feature
Connection Not API Standard
Feature:
I Feature
IF Connection
Feature:
38
Product Line
Prefix Description
Face Features
Description
Backup cutters
Limited torque
HOX
Polished cutters
Lo-Vibe insert
KH
PR
Pilot reamer
Hydraulic Features
Description
QD
Fixed ports
ST
Side track
50 series nozzles
SHO
40 series nozzles
Turbine
30 series nozzles
Gauge Features
Description
Active gauge
Dog sleeve
PX
TSP on gauge
PXX
Turbine sleeve
PDC Material
Prefix Description
Matrix body
Steel body
Nomenclature example
M S i R 6 16 M H PX
PXTSP on gauge (Gauge feature)
HHigher number of nozzles than standard (Hydraulic feature)
MReplaceable Lo-Vibe insert (Face feature)
Cutter size, mm
Blade count
RONYX 360 cutter (Product line)
iIDEAS platform-certified (Product line)
SSHARC bit (Product line)
MMatrix body (Product line)
39
41
Kaldera
42
Bearings
Gemini bits can be equipped with roller bearings (bit size 12 in)
or friction bearings (bit size 12 in).
Cutting Structure
Gemini nomenclature
GF i 35
Cutting structure
iIDEAS certified
G/GFGemini designation
171/2-in Gi03
www.slb.com/Gemini
43
Shamal nomenclature
G S i 05
Cutting structure
iIDEAS certified
SShamal feature
GBearing prefix
www.slb.com/Shamal
44
Harder-wearing seals
Xplorer nomenclature
XR i 20
Cutting structure
iIDEAS certified
XRXplorer designation
61/2-in XR20T
www.slb.com/Xplorer
45
Xplorer nomenclature
XR +
Premium milled tooth
cutting structure
XRXplorer designation
www.slb.com/XR-expanded
46
XRK +
Premium milled tooth cutting structure
XRKXplorer-Kaldera designation
GFK 47
Premium TCI cutting structure
GFKGemini-Kaldera designation
www.slb.com/Kaldera
47
FH TCI roller cone drill bits offer superior performance in a wide variety of applications
at a lower cost per foot.
Optimized cutting structure
FH* TCI drill bits have patented insert and cutter geometries.
Engineers use the IDEAS* integrated drillbit design platform to
precisely monitor the interaction between the cutting elements
and the rock, and optimize bit design to allow the maximum amount
of mechanical energy to be applied to the formation.
Application-specific hydraulics
FH nomenclature
FH i 28
Cutting Structure
iIDEAS Certified
FHFH Designation
83/4-in FH28GVPS
www.slb.com/FH
48
TCT two-cone drill bits can incorporate five nozzles, four outboard
and one center jet. The field-proven V-Flo* vectored-flow nozzle
configuration precisely positions and directs the five nozzles for
increased impingement pressure and optimum cutting structure
cleaning and cuttings evacuation, thereby improving penetration
rates. The five-nozzles significantly increase the available options
for directing fluid flow, compared with a three-cone bit that uses
three nozzles.
121/4-in MT TCTi+
Enhanced stability
TCT nomenclature
TCT i +
Premium Milled Tooth Cutting Structure
iIDEAS Certified
TCTTCT Designation
www.slb.com/TCT
49
FVH
HHeel Inserts
VMedium to Hard Formation Type
FBearing Prefix
F 12
Cutting Structure
121/4-in FVH
FBearing Prefix
83/4-in F12
www.slb.com/rockbits
50
TD Feature
Diamond-Enhanced Trucut Gauge
Protection
TD
Feature:
D Feature
Diamond-Enhanced Gauge Row Inserts
Inserts
Feature:
B Feature
Binary Gauge Protection
Feature:
51
BD Feature
Diamond-Enhanced Insert Binary
Gauge Protection
Feature:
BD
T Feature
Tungsten Carbide Trucut Gauge Protection
Feature:
Extended bit-gauge life for longer intervals and highquality, in-gauge boreholes
OD Feature
Diamond-Enhanced Heel Row Inserts
Feature:
OD
Extended bit-gauge life for longer intervals and highquality, in-gauge boreholes
52
OD1 Feature
All Heel Row Inserts Diamond
Enhanced
OD1
Feature:
DD Feature
100% Diamond-Enhanced
Cutting Structure
DD
Feature:
G Feature
Cone Protection
Feature:
53
V Feature
V-Flo Nozzle Configuration
Feature:
VE Feature
Extended Vectored Nozzle Sleeve
(Available for 1214-in and larger bits)
Feature:
VE
54
J3
Feature:
C Feature
Center Jet
Feature:
R Feature
Semiround-Top (SRT) TCI Stabilization and
Leg Back Protection
Feature:
55
PS Feature
Semiround-Top (SRT) TCI Leg Back
Protection
Feature:
PS
PD Feature
Diamond-Enhanced Leg Back Protection
Feature:
PD
56
Applies To
Refers To
Description
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
Bearing/Seal
Bearing/Seal
Bearing/Seal
Bearing/Seal
Bearing/Seal
Bearing/Seal
Product Line
Product Line
Product Line
TCT
FH
S
i
+
DS
DG
S
T
G
V
S
H
H
T
0099
All
TCI
TCI
All
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
MT
TCI
TCI
TCI
Product line
Product Line
Cutting Structure
IDEAS
Cutting Structure
Cutting Structure
Cutting Structure
Cutting Structure
Cutting Structure
Cutting Structure
Cutting Structure
Cutting Structure
Carbide Gauge
Carbide Gauge
Carbide Gauge
Cutting Structure
Product Suffix
I
W
Y
A
N
Applies To
TCI
TCI
TCI
All
All
Refers To
Cutting Structure
Cutting Structure
Cutting Structure
Cutting Structure
Size
Description
Inclined chisel on gauge
Softer than standard insert grades
Conical insert
Air application bit
Nominal gauge diameter
Feature
TD
D
B
OD
OD1
DD
G
Q
V
E
VE
J3
C
R
RD
PS
PD
P
Applies To
TCI
TCI
TCI
All
All
TCI
TCI
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
Refers To:
Diamond Gauge
Diamond Gauge
Carbide Gauge
Diamond Heel
Diamond Heel
Full Diamond
Cutting Structure
Hydraulics
Hydraulics
Hydraulics
Hydraulics
Hydraulics
Hydraulics
Leg Protection
Leg Protection
Leg Protection
Leg Protection
Leg Protection
Description
Trucut diamond with diamond-enhanced inserts (DEI on gauge; carbide on off-gauge)
Semiround top (SRT) diamond-enhanced gauge inserts
Binary carbide gauge
20% to 50% diamond-enhanced heel row inserts
51% to 100% diamond-enhanced heel row inserts
Diamond-enhanced cutting structure (nose, middle and gauge inserts)
Tungsten carbide insert cone-shell protection
Q-Tube hydraulics
V-Flo vectored-flow nozzle configuration
Extended nozzle tubes
Vectored extended nozzle tubes
Dome jets (3 jets in the bit dome)
Center jet
Upper legback semiround top (SRT) TCI cluster and PS feature
Upper legback semiround top (SRT) DEI cluster and PD feature
Semiround top (SRT) tungsten carbide leg protection
Semiround top (SRT) diamond-enhanced leg protection
Modified PS feature pattern; Note: West Texas bits only
57
Impax 10
Percussion Air Hammer, with diamond enhanced
insert hammer bit
Percussion Hammers
top sub
658-In API Reg PIn
Connects hammer
to drillstring
CheCk valve
Prevents backflow
Feed tube
Compression rings
Secure internal parts
upper Chamber
snap ring
Choke
Regulates consumed
and surplus air
piston
Drives bit into formation
lower Chamber
Pressurizes air to drive
piston upwards
snap ring
Secures piston in hammer
during a backoff
guide sleeve
Functions as a timing device
to control air venting in
lower chamber
bit shank
Receives pistons striking
energy and transmits it
to the bit face
driver sub
Synchronizes bit and
drillstring rotation
retainer sleeve
Retains bit head if
a shank occurs
59
Hammers
Percussion Hammers
Impax hammer unifies durability and performance for deep-hole drilling
The Impax* hammer features a hardened-steel guide sleeve design that significantly
optimizes energy transfer between the hammers piston and bit. The guide sleeve design
also significantly improves deephole drilling reliability by eliminating the plastic blow tube:
a component that often causes conventional hammers to fail when they are subjected to
shock, vibration, abrasive wear, high temperature, erosion, and misting.
Impax Hammers also have an improved air delivery system that features a patented
Floating Feed Tube (US Patent 7,950,475). The feed tube is designed to reduce wear and
downtime issues related to wear on the piston and air delivery components.
Because high-back pressure, circulation volume, and the water produced from misting
and influx are major causes of hammer failure, the Impax hammers lower chamber has
been designed to handle 10% to 20% more water than conventional hammers. When water
incursion forces conventional hammers to be tripped out of the well, the Impax hammers
combined capabilities enable it to endure deephole drilling conditions while delivering
reliable performance. Impax hammers are available in 8-, 10-, and 12-in sizes.
www.slb.com/Impax
60
Hammer Bits
Impax hammer bits have tough and durable DEIs that increase the
footage drilled and lower the cost per foot. These bits eliminate
the need for reaming, extending the life of the subsequent bit
and providing a quality borehole for running casing. In addition,
three exhaust ports improve bit-face cleaning for longer life and
betterROP.
Design Engineering
Impax nomenclature
H 15 12 D +
Gauge Plus feature
DDiamond Enhanced Insert
Number adjacent to Gauge Inserts
Number of Gauge Inserts
HHammer Bit Indicator
9 78 H1209D+ V7RPD
www.slb.com/Impax
61
Hammer Bits
DIGR Hammer Bit
8 78 H1512G1 V6RPD
www.slb.com/Impax
62
Hammer Bits
Impax Features
Prefix
C
D
F
G
M
N
PD
R
V
X
+
6
7
8
Description
Carbide insert
Diamond enhanced insert (DEI)
Flat profile
Diamond on gauge
Modified profile
Nonretainable
DEI gauge protection
Retainable
Concave profile
Convex profile
Gauge Plus
6
8-in [3/4-in, 18-mm] diameter gauge insert
7
8-in [22-mm] diameter gauge insert
8
8-in [1-in] diameter gauge insert
Available Features
D, G, C, X, 6, R, PD
D, G, C, X, 6, R, PD
D, G, C, V, X, 6, R, PD
D, G, C, X, 6, R, PD
D, G, C, V, 7, R, PD
D, G, C, V, 7, R, PD
D, G, C, V, 7, R, PD
D, G, V, 6, R, PD
D, G, C, V, 7, R, PD
D, G, C, V, 7, R, PD
D, G, C, V, 6, R, PD
D, G, C, V, 6, R, PD
D, G, V, 6, R, PD
D, G, C, V, 7, R, PD
D, G, C, V, 7, R, PD
D, G, V, 7, R, PD
D, G, C, V, 7, R, PD
D, G, C, V, 7, R, PD
D, G, C, V, 7, 8, R, PD
D, G, V, 7, R, PD
D, G, C, V, 7, R, PD
D, G, V, 7, R, PD
D, G, C, V, 7, R, PD
www.slb.com/Impax
63
Hammer Bits
N FeatureNonretainable
Feature:
No retaining feature on the bit head (standard fishing
threads)
Advantage: Compatibility with third party hammers that have no bit
retention features
Benefit:
Flexibility to use the bit in various BHA assemblies
such as those used for water wells, construction, etc.
R FeatureRetainable
Feature:
Patented bit head retention system
Advantage: Prevents loss of the bit head in the hole
Benefit:
Saves the cost of sidetracking or fishing
Gauge Reinforcement
PD FeatureOptional Gauge Protection
Feature:
All diamond gauge reinforcement
Advantage: Significantly extends the life of the bit gauge
Benefit:
Prevents the drilling of an undergauge hole and
eliminates the need for reaming (the practice of
reducing the hole size after pulling out a nonPD
hammer bit), increasing the life of the subsequent bit
and providing a quality hole for running casing
www.slb.com/Impax
64
Hammer Bits
www.slb.com/Impax
65
Specialty Applications
67
Specialty Applications
PDC Hole Openers
Quad-D Reamer*
Quad-D Bits*
68
Specialty Applications
Concentric Staged Hole Openers (SHO)
Concentric Staged Hole Openers (SHO) from Smith Bits have been developed from a tradition
of application knowledge and technical excellence gained from the success of Quad-D* dualdiameter drift and drill, reaming products.
Superior borehole quality
and high ROP
SHO S i 6 16
Cutter Size
Blade Count
IDEAS Designed
SHARC Feature
SHOStaged Hole Opener
www.slb.com/SHO
69
Type
SHO719
SHOS516
SHO516
SHOSI616
SHO519
SHOSI616
SHOSI519
SHO716
SHO519
SHO519
SHOI616
SHO519
SHO516
SHO519
SHOSI616
SHO516
SHOI616
SHOS516
SHOS516
Size, in
26
24
24
22
171/2
171/2
17
16
16
143/4
141/2
14
131/2
121/4
121/4
1058
978
81/2
71/2
Pilot, in
22
20
20
191/2
121/4
121/4
121/4
121/4
121/4
121/4
1058
11
81/2
81/2
81/2
81/2
81/2
618
618
Specialty Applications
Quad-D Reamer
Type
QDGS7419
QDG5216
QDG5216
QDG5216
QDG5216
QDG7313
QDG7313
QDG5313
QDG5313
QDG5316
QDG5216
QDG5313
QDG5216
QDG5313
QDG5316
QDG5209
Size, in
32
22
20
20
17
17
16
14
13
13
12
12
978
8
7
6
Pilot, in
28
1818
16
17
14
1378
13
12
12
12
1058
1058
8
7
6
578
Type
DRS5216
QDR5319
QDRS5313
QDR5313
QDR5316
QDR5313
QDR5213
QDR5316
QDR5313
QDR5313
QDR5313
QDRS6313
Size, in
20
19
17
17
16
14
14
13
12
10
978
718
Pilot, in
16
16
14
14
14
12
12
12
1058
9
8
658
Fishing Neck
Advantages
Quad-D nomenclature
QD G 5 3 16
Cutter Size
8 in 9 78 in
QDG5216
Tong Neck
8 in 978 in
QDR5313
www.slb.com/Quad-D
70
Specialty Applications
Quad-D Bi-Center Bits
Quad-D dual-diameter drift and drill bi-center bits provide hole opening
through installed casing or liner sections.
This family of aggressive matrix and steel
body bits is designed to provide durability,
reduce torque response, maintain
tangents, and reduce sliding time without
compromising efficiency when drilling
either float equipment or formation. It
features a strong, one-piece construction
and a very low overall height that enhances
directional capabilities when drilling with
downhole motors.
Advantages
Pilot
gauge
section
Type
QDM3209
QDM3309
QDM4209
QDM4213
QDM7309
QDM7313
QDMS4209
QDS3209
QDS4209
QDS5209
QDS5213
QDS5216
QDS5219
QDS6309
QDS7213
QDS7309
QDS7313
Size Availability, in
3 418
578 6
3 418
67
67
8 978, 1058 12
3 418
4 558, 4 5
4 558, 6 7
7 838
8 978, 12 14, 14 17
8 978, 14 17
17 20
6 7, 8 978
12 14
67
7 8, 8 978, 9 11,
1058 12, 16 20
12 in 14 in QDS7213
Quad-D nomenclature
QD S 7 3 13
Cutter Size
Reamer Blades to Full Diameter
Pilot Blade Count
M/SMatrix or Steel
QDQuad-D Technology
16 in 20 in QDS7313PX
www.slb.com/Quad-D
71
Specialty Applications
Direct XCD Drillable Alloy Casing Bit
Bit
Soft Formations
< 8,000 psi unconfined
compressive strength
(UCS)
XCD319
Medium Formations
8,00014,000 psi UCS
XCD316
XCD413
103/4131/2
XCD416
958121/4
XCD419
958121/4
958121/4
XCD419
958121/4
781/2
1338 171/2
103/4 131/2
XCD519
16181/4
XCD616
Hard Formations
> 14,000 psi UCS
1858 23
123/4151/2
XCD416
XCD516
1338 171/2
XCD516
1338 16
958 1158
958121/4
XCD613
958121/4
XCD716
9 812
5
9 58121/4 XCD 5 16
Cutter size
Blade count
XCDDirect XCD bit
Bit size
Casing size
www.slb.com/DirectXCD
72
1338171/2
2023
2024
Specialty Applications
Direct XCD Drillable Alloy Casing Bit
Exclusive PDC
cutting structure
Proprietary
nozzles
Patent-protected
bit body design
Large-face
waterways
Cuttings removal is
maximized with large face
waterways and junk slot
areas.
Bi-metal
composition
A drillable alloy body
includes a bit sub made of
oilfield gradesteel.
Erosion resistant
coating
An optional tungsten
carbide coasting applied
to bit body and blades
increases durability.
Description
Premium cutters
Standard cutters
Hydraulic Features
H
Connection Features
B
WP
Weld Prep
BTC
www.slb.com/DirectXCD
73
Reference Guide
75
Reference
Total flow area chart
4
0.150
0.196
0.249
0.307
0.371
0.442
0.518
0.601
0.690
0.785
0.887
0.994
1.108
1.227
1.353
1.485
1.623
1.767
1.917
2.074
2.237
2.405
2.580
2.761
2.948
3.142
5
0.188
0.245
0.311
0.383
0.464
0.552
0.648
0.752
0.863
0.982
1.108
1.243
1.384
1.534
1.691
1.856
2.029
2.209
2.397
2.592
2.796
3.007
3.225
3.451
3.685
3.927
76
6
0.225
0.295
0.373
0.460
0.557
0.663
0.778
0.902
1.035
1.178
1.330
1.491
1.661
1.841
2.029
2.227
2.434
2.651
2.876
3.111
3.355
3.608
3.870
7
0.263
0.344
0.435
0.537
0.650
0.773
0.907
1.052
1.208
1.374
1.552
1.740
1.938
2.148
2.368
2.599
2.840
3.093
3.356
3.629
3.914
8
0.301
0.393
0.497
0.614
0.742
0.884
1.037
1.203
1.381
1.571
1.773
1.988
2.215
2.454
2.706
2.970
3.246
3.534
3.835
9
0.338
0.442
0.559
0.690
0.835
0.994
1.167
1.353
1.553
1.767
1.995
2.237
2.492
2.761
3.044
3.341
3.652
3.976
Reference
Normal, ft.lbf
2,280
3,100
3,950
3,950
5,900
6,600
8,050
9,850
16,600
21,100
21,600
47,300
47,800
61,850
73,750
79,800
102,600
114,700
Notes:
1. Recommended make-up torque dictated by all BHA components
2. Higher makeup torque values within the above ranges are recommended when high WOB is used.
3. Box connection bits should use makeup torque values between Minimum and Normal.
4. All connections must be lubricated with a joint compound meeting API requirements.
[60]
[73]
[89]
[114]
[168]
[194]
[219]
Recommended Torque
ft.lbf, [N.m]*
3,0003,500
[4,1004,700]
4,5005,500
[6,1007,500]
7,0009,000
[9,50012,200]
12,00016,000 [16,30021,700]
28,00032,000 [38,00043,400]
34,00040,000 [46,10054,200]
40,00060,000 [54,20081,300]
*Maximum recommended makeup torque may be higher for specifically developed roller cone bit products.
Note: Some of the above bit sizes are available on special order with alternate pin connections.
API gauge tolerances for fixed cutter and roller cone bits
Bit size, in
63/4 and smaller
625329
9132133/4
132532171/2
171732 and larger
Fixed Cutter, in
-0.015+0.00
-0.020+0.00
-0.030+0.00
-0.045+0.00
-0.063+0.00
Roller Cone, in
-0.0+1/32
-0.0+1/32
-0.0+1/32
-0.0+1/16
-0.0+3/32
77
Maximum, ft.lbf
2,450
3,300
4,200
4,200
6,300
7,000
8,550
10,500
17,000
22,400
22,900
50,200
50,750
65,670
78,300
84,750
108,950
121,800
Reference
Field operating procedures for fixed cutter and roller cone drill bits
BIT PREPARATION
Bit cutting elements with diamond both fixed cutter and roller
cone bits, are brittle and susceptible to impact damage. Care
should be taken when handling or removing any bit containing
diamond-cutting elements.
Bit Inspection
Nozzle Installation
Remove the plastic plug and ensure that O-rings are properly
installed and seated.
If different size nozzles are to be used ensure that the correct
sized nozzles are in the correct place. Put bigger size nozzles in
the in the center of the bit.
Ensure that the threads are clean and greased (any petroleumbased grease). Fixed cutter bits with matrix threads should not
be greased.
Makeup
TAGGING BOTTOM
Ensure that the appropriate bit breaker is with the bit. Inspect to
insure good condition and that it fits properly.
Remove the bit from the box and place face down on a piece of
wood or rubber.
Engage the bit breaker with the bit and move them onto the
rotary table.
A float above the bit should be installed, especially on extended
nozzle roller cone bits, in areas that tend to plug.
78
Reference
Field operating procedures for fixed cutter and roller cone drill bits
Do not use high WOB when in fill. This could cause the bit toball.
Rotating Plugs
When using fixed cutter bits to drill out, ensure that all
cementing equipment (plugs, float collars and shoes) is PDC
drillable (non-metallic, rubber, nylon, plastic or cement).
Procedure
ESTABLISHMENT OF BOTTOMHOLE
PATTERN
On rotary, use the maximum flow rate with less than 6,000 lbf
WOB and 60-100 rpm.
On motor assemblies, drill with less than 6000 lbf WOB and the
minimum allowable rotary rpm. Local practice will dictate flow
rate as a compromise is needed between providing adequate
cleaning and minimum rpm.
On rotary, drill with 2,000 to 3,000 lbf per inch of bit diameter
and 40 to 60 rpm.
On motor assemblies, drill with 2,000 to 3,000 lbf per inch of bit
diameter and the minimum allowable rotary rpm. Local practice
79
Break-in is done with light WOB and slow rpm and a new
bottomhole pattern is normally achieved within 3 to 6 in
(assuming no tracking or off-center rotation).
Reference
Field operating procedures for fixed cutter and roller cone drill bits
Formation Changes
Controlled Drilling
80
Reference
Units
ft
lbf
32 nds in
ft/hr
barrels
galUS/stroke
galUS/min
bbl/stroke
bbl/min
ft/min
in
psi
Mud density
Mud gradient
Funnel viscosity
Apparent and plastic viscosity yield point
Gel strength and stress
Cake thickness
Filter loss
Torque
lbm/galUS
psi/ft
s/qt (US)
centipoise
lbf/100ft 2
32 nds in
mm or cc
ft.lbf
Multiply By
0.3048
0.445
4.535 10 -4
0.794
0.3048
0.1590
3.785 10 -3
3.875 10 -3
an oil barrel is 0.159873 m3 exactly
0.1590
0.3048
25.4
6.895
0.006895
0.06895
119.83
22.621
1.057
1
0.4788 (0.5 for field use)
0.794
1
1.3358
To Obtain
meters
decanewton
tonne
millimeters
meters/hour
cubic meters
cubic meters/stroke
cubic meters/minute
cubic meters/stroke
cubic meters/minute
meters/minute
millimeters
kilopascals
megapascals
bar
kilograms/cubic meter
kilopascals/meter
seconds/liters
millipascal seconds
pascals
millimeters
cubic centimeters
newton meters
Symbol
m
daN
tonne
mm
m/hr
m3
m3/stroke
m3/min
m3/stroke
m3/min
m/min
mm
kPa
MPa
bar
kg/m3
kPa/m
s/l
mPa.s
Pa
mm
cm3
N.m
Drilling Formulas
Flow Rate (Q)
Bit Pres. Drop (Pbit)
Hydraulic Horsepower (HHPbit)
HSI
Jet Velocity (JV)
Impact Force (IF)
81
Reference
112
16
18
20
22
27
32
37
39
42
48
54
61
68
75
82
90
98
107
116
125
134
144
154
165
176
187
210
234
248
261
317
379
134
214
212
234
314
312
334
35
37
40
46
52
59
65
73
80
88
96
105
114
123
132
142
152
163
174
185
208
232
245
259
315
377
32
35
38
43
50
56
63
70
78
85
94
102
111
120
130
139
150
160
171
182
206
230
243
257
313
374
29
32
35
41
47
53
60
67
75
83
91
99
108
117
127
137
147
157
168
179
203
227
240
254
310
371
44
50
57
64
72
79
88
96
105
114
124
133
144
154
165
176
200
224
237
251
307
368
60
67
75
83
91
100
110
119
129
139
150
160
172
195
220
232
246
302
364
64
72
80
89
98
107
116
126
136
147
158
169
192
216
229
243
299
361
60
68
76
85
93
103
112
122
132
143
154
165
188
212
225
239
295
357
72
80
89
98
108
117
128
138
149
160
184
209
221
235
291
352
93
103
113
113
133
144
155
179
206
216
230
286
347
84
93
102
112
122
133
150
174
198
211
225
281
342
82
Reference
Conversion factors
Fraction to Decimal
1
17
64
0.0156
64
1
9
32
0.0312
32
3
19
64
0.0468
64
1
5
16
0.0625
16
1
21
64
0.0781
64
3
11
32
0.0937
32
7
23
64
0.1093
64
1
3
8
0.1250
8
9
25
64
0.1406
64
5
13
32
0.1562
32
11
27
64
0.1718
64
3
7
16
0.1875
16
13
29
64
0.2031
64
7
15
32
0.2187
32
15
31
64
0.2343
64
1/4
0.2500
1/2
English and Metric
Multiply
Acres
Acres
Acres
Barrels, water
Barrels, water
Barrels, oil (API)
Barrels per day
Centimeter
Cubic centimeters
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Cubic feet per minute
Cubic inches
Cubic yards
Cubic yards
Degrees (angle)
Degree Fahrenheit
(degF)
Feet
Feet
Feet
Feet
Feet of water (depth)
Feet
Foot pounds
Foot pounds
Furlongs
Gallons (imperial)
Gallons (imperial)
Gallons (U.S.)
Gallons (U.S.)
Gallons (U.S.)
Gallons (U.S.)
Gallons per minute
Gallons per minute
0.2656
0.2812
0.2968
0.3125
0.3281
0.3437
0.3593
0.3750
0.3906
0.4062
0.4218
0.4375
0.4531
0.4687
0.4843
0.5000
64
32
35
64
9
16
37
64
19
32
39
64
5
8
41
64
21
32
43
64
11
16
45
64
23
32
47
64
3/4
33
17
By
43,560
0.001562
4,840
31.5
263
42
0.02917
0.3937
0.006102
1,728
0.03704
7.481
0.1781
28.3160
0.03704
0.4719
16.3871
27
0.764555
0.01745
[degF 32] 1.8
or [degF 32] 59
30.48
12
0.3048
0.0001894
0.4335
0.3048
1.35582
0.138255
660
1.209
4.54609
3,785.434
0.02381
0.1337
3.785
0.002228
34,286
0.5156
0.5312
0.5468
0.5625
0.5781
0.5937
0.6093
0.6250
0.6406
0.6562
0.6718
0.6875
0.7031
0.7187
0.7343
0.7500
64
32
51
64
13
16
53
64
27
32
55
64
7
8
57
64
29
32
59
64
15
16
61
64
31
32
63
64
1
49
25
0.7656
0.7812
0.7968
0.8125
0.8281
0.8437
0.8593
0.8750
0.8906
0.9062
0.9218
0.9375
0.9531
0.9687
0.9843
0.10000
To Obtain
Square feet
Square miles
Square yards
Gallons
Pounds
Gallons
Gallons per minute
Inches
Cubic inches
Cubic inches
Cubic yards
Gallons
Barrels (oilfield)
Liters
Cubic yards
Liter per second
Cubic centimeters
Cubic feet
Cubic meters
Radians
Degree Celsius
(degC)
Centimeters
Inches
Meters
Miles
Pounds per square inch
Meters
Joules
Meter-kilograms
Feet
Gallons (U.S.)
Liters
Cubic centimeters
Barrels, oil
Cubic feet
Liters
Cubic feet per second
Barrels per day
83
To Obtain
Milligrams
Ounces
Feet
Millimeters
Pounds per square inch
Feet
Miles
Miles per hour
Feet
Miles
Miles per hour
Cubic feet
Gallons
Feet
Inches
Yards
Feet
Kilometers
Yards
Feet per minute
Kilometers per hour
Knots per hour
Hours
Radians
Seconds (angle)
Cubic inches
Grams per cubic centimeter
Newton per square meter
Cubic inches
Gallons
Grams
Kilograms
Cubic feet of water
Cubic inches of water
Gallons
Grams per cubic centimeter
Kilograms per cubic meter
Kilograms per square meter
Newtons per square meter
Feet of water
Inches of mercury
Newtons per square centimeter
Cubic inches
Cubic centimeters
Liters
Degrees
Revolutions per minute
Square inches
Square inches
Acres
Square centimeters
Square centimeters
Square feet
Acres
Square kilometers
Acres
Square feet
Acres
Square feet
Square meters
Temperature
(degrees Fahrenheit) (degF)
Temperature
(degree Celsius) (degC)
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
Meters
Centimeters
Reference
Buoyancy factor
Buoyancy Factor k
Mud Density
kg/l
lbm/galUS
1.00
8.35
1.02
8.51
1.04
8.68
1.06
8.85
1.08
9.01
1.10
9.18
1.12
9.31
1.14
9.51
1.16
9.68
1.18
9.85
1.20
10.01
1.22
10.18
1.24
10.35
1.26
10.52
1.28
10.68
1.30
10.85
1.32
11.02
1.34
11.18
1.36
11.35
1.38
11.52
1.40
11.68
1.42
11.85
1.44
12.02
1.46
12.18
1.48
12.35
1.50
12.52
1.52
12.68
1.54
12.85
1.56
13.02
1.58
13.18
1.60
13.35
k
lbm/ft3
62.4
63.7
64.9
66.2
67.4
68.7
69.9
71.2
72.4
73.7
74.9
76.2
77.47
78.7
79.9
81.2
82.4
83.7
84.9
86.2
87.4
88.7
89.9
91.2
92.4
93.7
94.9
96.2
97.4
98.7
99.9
0.873
0.869
0.867
0.864
0.862
0.859
0.857
0.854
0.852
0.849
0.847
0.844
0.842
0.839
0.837
0.834
0.832
0.829
0.827
0.824
0.822
0.819
0.817
0.814
0.812
0.809
0.837
0.804
0.801
0.798
0.796
Mud Density
kg/l
1.62
1.64
1.66
1.68
1.70
1.72
1.74
1.76
1.78
1.80
1.82
1.84
1.86
1.88
1.90
1.92
1.94
1.96
1.98
2.00
2.02
2.04
2.06
2.08
2.10
2.12
2.14
2.16
2.18
2.20
2.22
84
k
lbm/galUS
13.52
13.68
13.85
14.02
14.18
14.35
14.52
14.68
14.85
15.02
15.18
15.35
15.53
15.69
15.86
16.02
16.18
16.36
16.53
16.69
16.86
17.02
17.18
17.36
17.53
17.69
17.86
18.02
18.19
18.36
18.54
lbm/ft3
101.2
102.4
103.7
104.9
106.2
107.4
108.7
109.9
111.2
112.4
113.7
114.9
116.2
117.4
118.7
119.9
121.2
122.4
123.7
124.9
126.2
127.4
128.7
129.9
131.2
132.4
133.7
134.9
136.2
137.4
1338.7
0.793
0.791
0.789
0.786
0.783
0.781
0.779
0.776
0.773
0.771
0.768
0.765
0.763
0.760
0.758
0.755
0.752
0.749
0.747
0.745
0.742
0.739
0.737
0.734
0.732
0.729
0.727
0.725
0.722
0.719
0.717
Reference
Remove the plastic plug and the O-ring from each nozzle port.
Lightly grease nozzles in steel bits and screw into jet ports.
Damage may occur if a cheater bar is used on the tee wrench handle.
Nozzle and Port Size Availability for PDC Bits
Nozzle or
Nozzle Series
Port Size, in
30
40
07/32
08/32
09/32
10/32
11/32
12/32
13/32
14/32
15/32
16/32
17/32
18/32
19/32
20/32
21/32
22/32
Empty Area
0.1503 in
0.1385 in
Port
Steel
Matrix
50
60
0.1963 in
0.3718 in
Wrenches
O-Ring Series
N30 Series
N40 Series
N50 Series
85
N60 Series
Reference
Standard
55 Series
Diverging
70
70 Series
71 Series
72 Series
74 Series
95
95 Series
91 Series
97 Series
98 Series
100
100 Series
101 Series
105 Series
55
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
99 Series
24
28
70
72
74
75
91
0.307
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.69
0.899
95
97
98
99
100
101
105
32
0.196
65
30
Empty jet
TFA, in2
86
0.899
0.899
0.899
0.899
1.629
1.629
1.629
Reference
Approximately 20% of the total flow should be programmed through center jet.
Note: For hydraulic calculations, determine the corresponding equivalent nozzle
size for the spesific diverging nozzle size.
For example 1232 is the equivalent nozzle size in hydraulic calculations for
a 1032 diffuser nozzle size.
87
Reference
31851/2
57863/4
738758
778838
81/283/4
91/2978
1058121/4
131/2143/4
1628
70
95
95
95
95
95
100
100
55
70
95
95
95
95
95
100
100
Jet/Air Series
ALL
70
95
95
95
95
95
TCI Series
Sealed/
Journal
Bearing
55
70
95
95
95
95
95
100
100
Three-Cone
Closed Bearing
TCT Bits
70 long
70 long
70 short
95
100 short
100 long
70 long
70 long
70 short
95
100 short
100 long
88
TCT,
Two-Cone
Outer Jets
70
70
95
95
100
100
70
70
95
95
100
100
Mini-Jets
MT
TCI
72/74
72/74
97
97
97
97/98
105
105
98
98
98/99
98/99
105
105
Reference
89
Reference
Maximum Length,
in [mm]
158
[41]
218
[54]
318
[79]
31/2
[89]
4
[102]
418
[105]
458
[117]
438
[111]
43/4
[121]
51/2
[140]
578
[149]
618
[156]
758
[194]
818
[206]
858
[219]
9
[229]
958
[244]
101/2
[267]
111/4
[286]
123/4
[324]
13
[330]
90
Reference
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
19
20
22
24
28
30
32
18
91
Empty Jet
TFA, in2
0,196
0,307
0,650
0,650
0,650
0,690
0,899
0,899
0,899
0,899
0,899
1,629
1,629
1,629
Reference
Hughes
ReedSecurity Smith
Christensen Hycalog DBS
Bits
Hughes
ReedSecurity Smith
Christensen Hycalog DBS
Bits
Hughes
ReedSecurity
Christensen Hycalog DBS
DSJ
R1
Y11
XN1
SDS
GTX-1
XR+
GSSH+
TCTi+
GTX-G1
MAX-GT1
MX-1
MXL-1
MXL-1V
DTJ
DGJ
R3
Y13
XN3
MGG
GTX-3
GGH+
GTX-G3
MSDGH MAX-GT3
MX-3
SVH
Soft
1
Formations/
LowCompressive
Strength
2
3
Med. to
Med.-Hard
Formations/
HighCompressive
Strength
Hard, SemiAbrasive
Formations
1
2
3
XN4
M4N
OFM
1
2
3
4
Milled tooth
XN5
R7
DR5
Soft
1
Formations/
LowCompressive
Strength
FDS
HP11
XS1
XSC1
FDT
HP12
XSC2
3
2
Hughes
ReedSecurity Smith
Christensen Hycalog DBS
Bits
Med. to
Med.-Hard
Formations/
HighCompressive
Strength
Hard,
SemiAbrasive
Formations
HP13
ATJ-4
M44NF
XR+
FDS+
TCTi+
Hughes
ReedSecurity
Christensen Hycalog DBS
GT-1
MX-1
MXL-1
MXL-1V
STR-1
STX-1
MFDGH MX-3
FDGH
GFVH ATJ-G4
FVH
2
3
1
2
3
4
H77F
ATJ-G8
92
TC10
TC11
SL11
TD11
D11
SL12
HP12
HP13G
D13
HP21G
XSC1
XLC1
EBXS1
EBXSC1
EBXLC1
XS3
XL3
XS4
XL3
T11
XT1
EMS11G XT1S
ETS11G XL1N
T13
XT3
EMS13G EBXT3
ETS13G
XT4
XT4S
Reference
Hughes
Christensen
GSi01B, GS01,
GS01B, GS02B,
GS02T, GS03B
Gi03B, G04B,
GS04B, TCTi01
GTX00, GX00
T41,
MAXGT00,
EMS41H
MXL00, GTX03,
GX03, MAXGT03,
MXL03
XT0005,
EBXT0005
HR90, HR99,
XS0005,
STX90,STX99, STR90, XL0005,
HR95, GX95, MX99 EBXS0005,
EBXL0005
GS05, GS05B
GSi06B, G08B,
GS08B
GXT03C
T42,
EMS42H
XT0609,
EBXT0609
STR05C, HX05C
TD42H, R07A
XS0609,
XL0609,
EBXS0609,
EBXL0609
G10B, G10T
GS10B, GSi12B
GSi12UB, TCT10
GTX09, MX09,
T43,
MAXGT09 GTX11, EMS43A,
MX11, MX11S,
EMS43H
MXL09
XT1013,
EBXT1013
XS1013,
XL1013,
EBXS1013,
EBXL1013
GSi15B, G15,
GSi18B, GSi20B,
G11Y, M15S,
15JS
XT1417,
EBXT1417
XT1823,
EBXT1823
SL51H,TD51, TD51A,
TD51H, TD51X, D51,
HP51H, P51A, HP51H,
HP51X, R19A, R20A,
R21A, R22A, RD21
G28B
GTX20C
MAXGT20CG
MX20C, MX28G
T52,
EMS52H
XT2427,
EBXT2427
XS2427,
XL2427,
EBXS2427,
EBXL2427
MX30H,
MAXGT30
T53,
EMS53,
EMS53A,
ETS53A
XT2833,
EBXT2833
SL53,SL53A,TD53,
TD53A, TD53B,
TD53H, D53,HP53,
HP53A, HP53H, JA53,
R30,R30A, RD33
XS2833,
XL2833,
EBXS2833,
EBXL2833
GTX30C, GTX33,
MAXGT30CG,
MX33CG
T54
XT3439,
EBXT3439
XS3439,
XL3439,
EBXS3439,
EBXL3439
ETS61A
XT4045,
EBXT4045
EMS62
XT4651,
EBXT4651
STR40C, STR44C,
STX44C, HR40C,
HR44C, GX44C, GX45C,
MX40C, MX44C,
MXL44C
SL62,SL62A,SL62X,
TD62, TD62A, HP62,
HP62A, HP62H, JA62,
R44A, R45, R48
XT5258
XT6169
Hard, Semi- 1
Abrasive
and Abrasive 3
Formations
4
XT7175
Extremely 1
Hard and
Abrasive
2
Formations
3
Soft
1
Formations/
LowCompressive
Strength
2
Soft to
1
MediumHard
Formations/
LowCompressive 2
Strength
3
Medium1
Hard
Formations/
HighCompressive 2
Strength
G40, G40Y,
G40YB, 4JS
GT40C, MX44C
MX55
Hughes
Christensen
ReedHycalog
Security
DBS
XS1823,
XL1823,
EBXS1823,
EBXL1823
XS4651,
XL4651,
EBXS4651,
EBXL4651
XS6169,
EBXS6169
XS7175,
EBXS7175
XT7781
XT8389
XR75Y
XT9193
XT9597
F85Y
HR89
XT99
93
SL73, HP73
XS7781,
EBXS7781
TD74,HP74,R75
XS8389,
EBXS8389
XS9193,
EBXS9193
XS9597,
EBXS9597
XS99,
EBXS99
Reference
Product Type
Milled Tooth
Milled Tooth
All
All
All
Example
DSJ
SDGH
F15
MSDGH
MFDGH
Product Type
Insert
All
All
Insert
Milled Tooth
Example
FH23
GF30
G18
XR25
XR+
Product Type
Milled Tooth
Milled Tooth
Milled Tooth
Milled Tooth
Milled Tooth
Milled Tooth
Milled Tooth
Example
FDS
DTJ
FDGH
SVH
MSDSSH
SDSH
FDS+
Product Type
Insert
Insert
Example
GFS10
FH50
94
Product Type
Insert
Insert
Insert
All
Insert
Insert
Insert
Insert
Insert
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
Example
F47A
GFS10B
GS03BD
F10C
XR30D
MF37DD
F12YG
F37H
F27I
FH45L
MF15LD
GF05N
F57OD
XR25OD1
FH28PS
F37PD
GS18R
All
Insert
F50RD
G25SD
Insert
MF20SD1
Insert
Insert
All
All
Insert
Insert F
All
XR20T
XR32TD
GS18U
FH35V
XR15W
59Y
XR30-3
All
XR-6
All
XR-7
Reference
IADC dull bit grading
Cutting Structure
Inner
Outer
1
2
Dull Char.
3
Location
4
Bearings/
Seals
Gauge
Other Dull
Characteristics
Reason Pulled
4. Location
Roller Cone
NNose Row
MMiddle Row
GGauge Row
AAll Rows
Cone #
123
Fixed Cutter
CCone
NNose
TTaper
SShoulder
GGauge
AAll Areas
5. Bearings/Seals
Non-Sealed Bearings
A linear scale estimating
bearing life used
0No Life Used
8All Life Used, i.e.,
no bearing life
remaining
Sealed Bearings
ESeals Effective
FSeals Failed
NNot Able to Grade
XFixed Cutter Bit
(bearingless)
3. Dull Characteristics
(Use only cutting structure related codes)
BCBroken Cone
LNLost Nozzle
BFBond Failure
LTLost Teeth/Cutters
BTBroken Teeth/Cutters
OCOff Center Wear
BUBalled Up Bit
PBPinched Bit
CCCracked Cone
PNPlugged Nozzle/Flow
CDConed Dragged
Passage
CICone Interference
RGRounded Gauge
CRCored
RORing Out
CTChipped Teeth/Cutters SDShirttail Damage
ERErosion
SSSelf Sharpening Wear
FCFlat Crested Wear
TRTracking
HCHeat Checking
WOWashed Out Bit
JDJunk Damage
WTWorn Teeth/Cutters
LCLost Cone
NONo Dull Characteristics
6. Gauge
Measure to nearest
1
16 of an inch
1 in In Gauge
1 116 in Out of Gauge
2 216 in Out of Gauge
4 416 in Out of Gauge
95
7. Other Dull
Characteristics
Refer to column 3 codes
Reference
0 (0% wear)
4 (50% wear)
WTMinimal wear
(Level 1 severity)
WTMinor wear
(Level 2 severity)
CTChipped element
SPSpalling
BTBroken element
DLStinger element
delamination
BFBond failure
LTLost element
8 (100% wear)
96
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