UNIT 2.

THE EARTHS RELIEF

Unit objectives
-to learn about the structure of the Earth
-to read about its continents and oceans
-to compare and contrast different landforms
-to learn about how the Earths relief is formed
-to know about the differences between the relief of the
continents
-to learn about the main features of the european relief

1. THE STRUCTURE IN LAYERS OF THE

EARTH. LITHOSPHERE AND CRUST
1.1.The structure of the Earth

Internal

Core
Mantle
Crust

External

Lithosphere
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere

Internal
Structure

External. The
lithosphere

1.2.The lithosphere and tectonic plates

The jigsaw of tectonic plates

San Andrews fault

HOMEWORKS
What is the continental drift theory? Who formulated this theory?
Why the continental plates are moving?
What are the seismic areas? And the volcanoes?

1.3.The crust

Emergent lands

The crust

Submerged
lands

CONTINENTS and OCEANS

HOMEWORKS
1.Make a drawing of the internal and external layers of the Earth (with
definitions)
2.Copy and complete:
When two plates in the lithosphere collide the crust is...........
When the two plates...............new crust is generated.

3. Which continents are in the Nothern Hemisphere?

4.Wich continents are in the Southern Hemisphere?
1,2,3 pag. 41.

2.THE CONTINENTS OF THE EARTH

ACTVS. PAG. 42.

1.Complete this table:

Continent

Situation

Limits

Area

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3.THE RELIEF. FORMATION AND

TRANSFORMATION
3.1.The definition of relief

The relief origins

Internal forces

External forces

3.2.The origin of the relief and its agents.

The relief is a consequence

of the following internal
forces

Volcanoes

Orogeny

Earthquakes

Orogeny

Earthquakes

Volcanoes

Its the process through

which reliefs are formed. It
happens where tectonic
plates move

They are caused by violent

movements of the terrestrial
crust

They are cracks in the crust

that expel magma, ashes,
rocks and toxic gases

San Francisco 1906

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Volcanoes

Search for information

Pompeii and Herculaneum

about

3.2.The transformation of the relief

and its agents
Three actions

Erosion of the
terrain

Sedimentation of
the materials
Transportation of
eroded materials

Three agents

atmosphere

Water

Living things

Rainfall

Rivers and streams

Coastal erosion
Coastal erosion

South Wales

glaciers

Alberta (Canada)

Freezing and thawing

scree

Wind erosion

rbol de piedra, Bolivia

The Wave, a sandstone formation in northern Arizona

Gravitational erosion

Wadi in Makhtesh Ramon, Israel,

DEFORESTATION

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4.LANDFORMS
4.1.Landforms of the continental relief

CONTINENTAL
-MOUNTAINS AND HILLS
-MOUNTAINS RANGE
- CATCHMENT AREA OR DEPRESSIONS.
-PLATEAUS
-PLAINS

4.2.Landforms of coastal relief

COASTAL RELIEF
-CAPES
-GULFS
-PENINSULAS
-RAS
-FIORDS
-DELTAS
-ESTUARIES
-BEACHES AND CLIFFS

Nilo Delta

Norwegian fiords

Cape of Gata

gulf

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CLIFFS OF MOHER

4.3.Oceanic landforms.

SUBMARINE RELIEF
-CONTINENTAL PLATFORMS
-CONTINENTAL SHELVES
-ABYSSAL PLAINS
-MID-OCEAN RIDGES
-MARINE TRENCHES
-GUYOT

A fault in Iceland

Homeworks. Write the definition of every

landforms (continental, submarine and coastal)

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5. THE LAND RELIEF OF THE CONTINENTS

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6..The land relief of Europe