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BecauseofhisNeoplatonistbackgroundJulianacceptedthecreationofhumanityasdescribedin

Plato'sTimaeus.Julianwrites,"whenZeuswassettingallthingsinordertherefellfromhim
dropsofsacredblood,andfromthem,astheysay,arosetheraceofmen." [91]Furtherhewrites,
"theywhohadthepowertocreateonemanandonewomanonly,wereabletocreatemanymen
andwomenatonce..."[92]HisviewcontrastswiththeChristianbeliefthathumanityisderived
fromtheonepair,AdamandEve.Elsewherehearguesagainstthesinglepairorigin,indicating
hisdisbelief,notingforexample,"howverydifferentintheirbodiesaretheGermansand
ScythiansfromtheLibyansandEthiopians."[93][94]
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This we call blood, which is the sustenance of the flesh and of all the body, and from
which all parts draw moisture to fill up the places that are left void. And the mode of
replenishment and evacuation is like the motion of all things in the universe, whereby all
kindred substances seek each other. The elements that surround us without are constantly
dissolving our substance and distributing it to its several kinds, returning each to its own
kindred : and again the particles of blood, being minutely divided within us and
enveloped in every creature by the body, as though by a heaven surrounding them, are
forced to copy the universal motion. Therefore each of the divided particles within us is
carried to its own kind and thus replenishes again what was left void. (See Timaeus)

'Characterforahumanishisdaimon'
h]qov a0nqrw/pwi dai/mwn -Heraclitus
Theworddai/mwn hasbedevilledmanyascholarandtranslatorofGreektexts.Thedeceptivelysimple
phraseaboveisnoexception.It hasbeenvariouslytranslatedas
'Characterisdestiny';2'Aman'scharacterishisfate';3'Man'scharacterishisdaimon';4'Aman's
individualityishisdaimon'and'Aman'scharacteristheimmortalandpotentiallydivinepartofhim';5
'SeineEigenartistdemMenschenseinDamon(d.h.seinGeschick),;6'Characterformanisdestiny';7
'Habitforman,god';8andIdonotclaimtohavecomeupwiththedefinitiverenderinghere. 9
Theconceptofthedaimonismultivalentandmutable.FromHomeronward,thismultivalencyhasledtoa
myriadoftranslationstoexplainitincontext:demon,spirit,genius,personality,destiny,power.Defining
thedaimonhasalwaysbeendifficult,thoughtoday'sconnotationofa'demon'onlyasanevilspirithas
replacedearlier,lessrigid,ones.InHomer,ElisabethBruniusNilssonhasshownthat,farfromhavingan
lO
automaticnegativeconnotation,dai/mwn canbeconsideredtobebothadivineforce andtohavean

ll
ambivalent,neutralsensewhichcanonlybeunderstoodasgoodorevilincontext. Hesiod'sdaimons,the
soulsofdepartedGoldenandSilverAgemortals,werepurelygood.12Otherdaimonsweremalevolent.13
Popularculturealwaystookaccountoflocalspirits,eithergoodorbad,andmadesuretopropitiatethem;
andspirits(calleddaimonsorothernames)havelongbeenconnectedwithillness,madnessanddeath.
FromPlatotwoenduringideasfirst,thatdaimonsaremediatorsbetweengodsandhumans;andsecond,
thateveryonehasapersonaldaimonguidingthemthroughlifetookrootandspreadthroughthecultureof
theMediterraneanfromtheHellenisticperiodtoLateAntiquity.
DorianGieselerGreenbaum;TheDaimonInHellenisticAstrology:OriginsandInfluence(fromthe
introduction)

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