Bemess 1

BEMESS
Design of Plates and

Shells
Version 11.61
E SOFiSTiK AG, Oberschleissheim, 2006
BEMESS
Design of Plates and Shells
This manual is protected by copyright laws. No part of it may be translated, copied or

reproduced, in any form or by any means, without written permission from SOFiSTiK
AG. SOFiSTiK reserves the right to modify or to release new editions of this manual.
The manual and the program have been thoroughly checked for errors. However,
SOFiSTiK does not claim that either one is completely error free. Errors and omissions
are corrected as soon as they are detected.
The user of the program is solely responsible for the applications. We strongly
encourage the user to test the correctness of all calculations at least by random
sampling.
BEMESS
Task Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
2
2.1.
2.1.1.
2.1.2.
2.1.3.
2.1.4.
2.1.5.
2.1.6.
2.2.
2.2.1.
2.2.2.
2.2.3.
2.3.
2.4.
2.4.1.
2.4.2.
2.4.3.
2.4.4.
2.4.5.
2.4.6.
2.4.7.
2.5.
Theoretical Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bending Design of Reinforced Concrete. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reinforcement Meshes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other Design Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service Load Checks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Minimum Thickness Check of the Compression Zone . . . . . . .
Crack Width Control without Direct Calculation . . . . . . . . . . .
Crack Width Control with Direct Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shear Checks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Punching Checks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General Informations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Column Input and Control Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inner, Edge and Corner Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shear and Bending Design at the Column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Special Features at Wall Ends and Wall Corners . . . . . . . . . . . .
Punching Check Foundation Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Punching Check at a ThreeDimensional System . . . . . . . . . .
Stress Determination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
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24
25
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210
210
210
211
213
218
218
221
222
222
223
226
227
229
3
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
3.5.
3.6.
3.7.
3.8.
3.9.
3.10.
3.11.
3.12.
3.13.
3.14.
Input Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Input Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Input Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CTRL Control of the Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CRAC Control of the Service Load Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MREI Minimum Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NSTR SLS Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MAT Input of Material Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GEOM Input of the Cross Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GEO Input of the Cross Section in cm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIRE Definition of Orthogonal Twocourse Reinforcement
THRE Definition of Skew 2 and 3course Reinforcement
PARA Design Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PUNC Punching Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LC Selection of Design Load Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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31
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33
312
315
317
321
326
328
329
332
334
337
340
BEMESS
3.15.
3.16.
3.17.
3.18.
3.19.
GRP Selection of Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ELEM Selection of Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NODE Selection of Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
S Input of External Forces and Moments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ECHO Control of Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
342
344
346
348
349
4
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.
4.4.
4.5.
4.6.
4.7.
4.8.
4.9.
Output Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Design Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Design Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reinforcement List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Design Moments or Membrane Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
External Defined Forces and Moments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Punching Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fatigue and Stress Amplitude Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stress Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reinforcement Indexel Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41
41
44
46
46
47
48
49
410
411
5
5.1.
5.2.
5.3.
5.4.
5.5.
5.6.
Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bending Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Design with Service Load Checks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Building Construction Plate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Building Construction Plate with Balcony. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Design with DIRE and THRE for External Forces. . . . . . . . . . .
Examples in the Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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514
521
532
535
ii
BEMESS
Task Description.
The internal forces and moments which have been calculated with the programs SEPP, TALPA or ASE or superimposed with the program MAXIMA
are stored in the database or they are input as socalled external forces and
moments. The program BEMESS is used for the reinforcement design according to DIN10451988, DIN 10451, OeNORM B 4700, Part 8 and 9, EuroCode 2, Part 1, British Standard or ACI_318M, or it determines the extreme
stresses according to the linear elastic theory.
When the design is performed for several load cases, the result of the design
calculation represents the maximum reinforcement amount which is calculated from these load cases. BEMESS does not perform any load case superpositions. This is the task of the program MAXIMA.
Additionally to the calculation of the statically required reinforcement, the
program may perform the socalled working load checks. These include the
crack width control and the crack reduction check. They are complemented
by the check of minimum thickness of compressive zones which is frequently
required in civil engineering.
The compression reinforcement for shells and disks is calculated equivalently
to the tensile reinforcement according to the stress state. For this the requirements of the minimum reinforcement of the respective code are taken into
consideration (e.g. minimum compression reinforcement of the statically required cross section, minimum reinforcement of diaphragm girders). The appropriate parameters are preset according to each code. Notice that the definition of these parameters with zero makes this control ineffective. The use
of compression reinforcement in plates is not a part of a good engineering
practice. Therefore a warning is issued in the case of compression reinforcement in designed cross section.
A centre point or an axis in the middle can be defined for circular plates, cylinders or similar structures. A tangential and a radial reinforcement are calculated then for all included elements or nodes (socalled circular reinforcement).
The program performs a punching check at point supports (columns) as well
as at wall corners and wall ends, if the necessary load cases of the maximum
support reactions are available.
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Theoretical Principles
2.1.
Bending Design of Reinforced Concrete.
The reinforcement design is based on the method described by Baumann (Der

Bauingenieur 47 (1972), pages 367377). Three design cases are
distinguished: Disks, plates and shells.
2.1.1.
General Comments
The design strategy pursued by the program BEMESS is independent of the

real available internal forces and moments. It depends only on that with
which programs the results were made and/or which mechanical model was
declared in the case of the external forces (see CTRL SYST). So for example
a system, which was defined as a shell, is also calculated as a shell, even if
it only contains plate or disk loading.
The position of the threecourse and/or skew twocourse reinforcement mesh
(record THRE) must be defined clearly by the user. In the case of an orthogonal
(twocourse) reinforcement mesh (record DIRE) the choice of the position can
be left also to the program. The principal reinforcement is inserted then
either in the direction of the x axis or in the direction the y axis. For circular
plates a radial and a tangential orthogonal reinforcement can be determined
through the input of a centre point.
The previous programs SEPP (plates), TALPA (disks) and ASE (shells)
determine the internal forces and moments in the local coordinate systems
of the plane finite elements (see appropriate manuals). In BEMESS both the
directions of the reinforcement layers and the terms upper and lower are
oriented at the local coordinate systems; lower is at the side of positive z axis.
Particularly in the program ASE the user should realize the characteristics
of the local coordinate axis definition. For the programs SEPP and TALPA the
local and global coordinate systems are identical.
2.1.2.
Reinforcement Meshes
In most stress situations the orthogonal twocourse reinforcement mesh is

the optimum solution of the design task.
Skew twocourse reinforcement meshes are chosen mostly due to
constructive considerations. They are static generally less effective than
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BEMESS
orthogonal nets. The steel requirement increases more than linearly with the
skewness of the reinforcement mesh. A twocourse reinforcement is only allowed for 90 up to 60 degree skewness. For higher skewness a third layer is
necessary to avoid large crack width.
Threecourse reinforcement meshes are the best statical solution for the case
of an elliptic stress state (universal tension or compression): The required
steel amount is minimal, i.e. it corresponds to the required cross section of an
orthogonal reinforcement mesh laid parallel to the principal stresses. On the
other hand there is no threecourse solution for the case of the hyperbolic
stress states (simultaneous tension and compression). For this a radically
minimised twocourse solution is sought. This is done via breaking off of this
reinforcement layer which is used least statically. The stiffening compressive
concrete force which generally must be assigned to another direction,
however, is set at this place.
The loading of the heterogeneous reinforced concrete continuum is
transformed according to the compliance of the internal force equilibrium
along the reinforcement directions (tension or compression) and the
stiffening fictitious compression strut of the concrete. The concrete stress can
be checked only when the reinforcement layers get their statically required
cross section due to the design. If the permissible compressive concrete stress
is exceeded, a compression reinforcement is inserted if possible.
2.1.3.
Disks
The stresses x, y and xy are transformed into the selected or by the

program calculated reinforcement direction. Reinforcement is considered for
the tensile stresses. It is checked whether the material can include the
compressive concrete stresses. The suggested reinforcement takes into
consideration the requirements of the implemented codes with regard to the
minimum reinforcement of diaphragm girders and allows the use of equal
reinforcements amounts at both sides of the disk. The reinforcement design
is only reasonable and permissible for structural parts analysed in a plane
stress state!
Safety factors design:
For all tensile reinforcements the literal SS1 (for usage of
DIN10451988 SS1=1.75) is used (see record MAT). SC2 and SS2
are used for the determination of the permissible concrete
compressive stress as well as for compression reinforcement (for
usage of DIN10451988 SC2=SS2=2.1).
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BEMESS
Steel stress compression reinforcement:

A maximum steel stress of 400 N/mm2 (2 promille strain at
E=200000 N/mm2) divided by SS2 is used for DIN 10451, EC2
and Norm B 4700 (for DIN10451988 420 N/mm2 due to E=
210000 N/mm2).
Permissable concrete compressive stress:
In accordance to the recommendation by Schlaich/Schafer (In:
Konstruieren im Stahlbetonbau, B.K. 1993/II, S.378), the
permissible compressive concrete stress is reduced to 80% (DIN
10451 + Fachbericht 75%) of the effective compressive concrete
strength R, if lateral tensile stresses are available. For lateral
compression 100% are approved. In the region of 0.0 to 0.1 N/mm2
the tensile stress (with reference to the bare concrete cross
section) is reduced linearly from 100 % to 80 % (or 75%). The concrete stress is checked and compression reinforcement added if
necessary the lever arm will not be adapted! This reduction can
be switched off with CTRL TENS 0.
Compression reinforcement:
If the principal compressive force can not be included by the
concrete alone, a compression reinforcement must be inserted
additionally. This, however, is not always possible for all the cases
due to the equilibrium considerations. As an example a column
that is loaded uniaxially with R is mentioned. If only a
reinforcement mesh is allowed now smaller than 45 degrees, then
also a high reinforcement can not hold the uniaxial principal
compressive force, since the reinforcement mesh is predeformed
to a lozenge because of missing lateral compression and it is not
able to withstand the force.
If the reinforcement is inserted with a smaller angle, for example
an angle with a 10 degree deviation to the principal compressive
force, then this reinforcement direction can take up a compressive
force. The transverse reinforcement gets then a tensile force
which can be interpreted as a splitting force. For the equilibrium
of the external loads nx, ny, nxy with the inner forces of the
concrete compressive force and the forces in the reinforcement
directions it is now necessary, that the concrete compressive force
is set a little bit skew (from the compression reinforcement away).
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BEMESS
Now the concrete compressive force is not in line with the external
principal normal force. If the angle reaches 45 degrees between
the new concrete compressive force and the principal compression
reinforcement, then no further loads can be taken up anymore.
Now it is not possible to design the cross section. Then the error
message Angle between compressive force and compression
reinforcement too large is printed.
CTRL PFAI 2 can be used to alleviate this mechanically exact
procedure and therefore to avoid the error message. The non
absorbable concrete compressive force is then fully taken up by
the reinforcement and it is assumed, that the compressive force
of this inserted compression reinforcement is transferred to the
neighbouring elements. Usually this is possible at singular points
and at reentrant corners, but not possible at free edges!
For special cases the design for the relevant elements can be
repeated in a 2nd calculation with a threecourse reinforcement
(one additional 45degreereinforcement bar).
If the reinforcement is exactly in the principal compressive force
direction, any arbitrary compressive force can be added then
about the reinforcement increase until the maximum permissable
9% of the reinforcement content is reached.
Minimum reinforcement of the pressed cross sections for disks:
The cross sections designed with BEMESS are always considered
as "reinforced walls". Even if no reinforcement is necessary for
certain statical points, the points are still considered as a part of
a reinforced wall. A classification according to DIN10451988
chapter 25.5.5.2(2) does not occur. A minimum reinforcement
with 0.8% (= default in record MAT ... AM3) of the statically
necessary cross section is always inserted. The minimum
reinforcement calculation occurs in the direction of the principal
stresses. The skew reinforcement is considered with the square of
the cosine of the angular deviation.
2.1.4.
Plates
The plate moments mx, my and mxy are transformed according to the
method of Baumann into two or three design moments along the specified
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BEMESS
reinforcement directions. For this case the lever arm of the inner forces is
determined in dependence on the compression zone utilization. The design of
the necessary reinforcement cross sections occurs according to the material
strengths and laws of the respective code.
The increase of the effective moments according to DIN10451988, chapter
17.2.1(6) in the case of the small statical efficient heights are taken into
consideration.
Safety coefficients design:
For all calculations the literals SS1 and SC1 (for usage of
DIN10451988 SC1=SS1=1.75) are considered for the high
compression zone utilization, because for a possible case of the
steel extension less than 3 per mille a compression reinforcement
is arranged (see Betonkalender 1994 I S. 385).
Steel stress compression reinforcement: is not limited for plates
Permissible concrete compressive stress > see disks
Compression reinforcement plates
For plates a compression reinforcement is only allowed, if the
reinforcement directions agree at the upper and lower plate side,
because only then it is guaranteed, that the stiffening force of the
reinforcement mesh can be considered by the opposite tensile side.
No compression reinforcement is approved for plates with twisted
reinforcement directions of the upper and lower side.
For lateral tension the necessary reinforcement is higher than for
lateral compression, because the compressive force taken up by
the concrete is smaller due to a lower permissible concrete
commpression stress. In this case the lever arm also becomes
smaller and the smaller permissible concrete compressive stress
is reached faster. This means that compression reinforcement is
inserted earlier. The reduction of the permissable concrete
compressive stress for lateral tension can be eliminated with
CTRL TENS 0.
Minimum reinforcement of pressed cross sections is not valid for plates.
2.1.5.
Shells
The moments mxx, myy and mxy as well as the membrane forces nxx,
nyy and nxy are converted to effective membrane forces acting on fictitious
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BEMESS
disks with a thickness of 0.35construction element thickness at the outer

shell side. The loading consists of force pairs divided up into bending
moments and halved membrane forces. The lever arm of the internal forces
required for the decomposition of the bending moments is not assumed
according to BAUMANN. It is calculated at the basis of full utilisation of the
compressive zone. For this the lever arm is determined for two characteristic
directions (the principal bending moment direction and the principal normal
force direction). The smaller lever arm is used then for the segmentation of
the moment into membrane forces. The average concrete cover between the
principal and lateral directions is applied as concrete cover.
Fictitious disks and lever arm for shells (DIN10451988)

Please notice the different symbols:
DIN10451988
DIN 10451, EC2, BS, ACI, EHE and
OeNORM B 4700
d=element thickness
d = efficient reinforcement height
h=effective depth
h = element thickness
For approximately centrically pressed shells the cross section could not be
used completely due to the limit of the equivalent thickness of 0.35h.
Therefore in this case the equivalent thickness is increased for centrically
pressed shells up to the value 0.5thicknessSC1/SC2. The 0.35thickness is
applied from an eccentricity e/d >0.20. For a smaller eccentricity it will be
interpolated.
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The mesh reinforcement design occurs separately for the two fictitious disks
at the shell outer sides. The shear design is performed similarly to that of
plates.
Safety coefficients design:
Also for strongly pressed cross sections with small moments SS1
is employed always for the reinforcement at the tensile side (for
usage of DIN10451988 SS1=1.75), because through the zone
thought in the interior without compressive stresses
(0.30construction element thickness) a reduction of the tensile
steel strain less than 3 % is not possible.
If tensile reinforcement is necessary, the compression
reinforcement might be calculated then too with the safety of 1.75.
Since the compressive force direction in the compressive zone in
general deviates from the tensile force direction in the tensile zone
for shells, however, the compression reinforcement is designed
always with SS2 (for usage of DIN10451988 2.1), because in the
compressive force direction in the compressive zone the cross
section can be overpressed completely.
For the determination of the permissible concrete compressive
stress SC1 (1.75) is considered always for shells in contrast to
disks, because only 20.35construction element thickness and/or
0.5thicknessSC1/SC2 is used for centrical compression.
Permissible concrete compressive stress > see disks
Permissible steel stress > see disks
Compression reinforcement:
To the absorption of the compressive force in the thought disk at
the shell outer side only their thickness of 0.35construction
element thickness is available. In the intervening area no
compressive stresses can be excavated. A compression
reinforcement in the thought disk is allowed then like for >
disks with consideration of the lateral compression. In
problematic cases the reduction through the lateral compression
can be disconnected with CTRL TENS 0.
Minimum reinforcement of pressed cross sections
Cross sections designed with BEMESS are considered always as
"reinforced walls". A classification according to DIN10451988,
chapter 25.5.5.2(2) does not occur. The minimum reinforcement
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BEMESS
calculation occurs in direction of the principal stresses.

Reinforcements which lie skewly to this are considered with the
square of the cosine of the angular deviation.
In contrast to the bending design the minimum reinforcement for
shells can be calculated not independently in two separate disks,
but it must be considered at the total cross section (0.8 % of the
necessary total cross section). Therefore the total construction
element thickness is used for axial compression in this case with
a safety factor of SC2 (2.1).
For normal force with bending at least 0.5AM3 (0.4%) are
considered at the tensile side" (DIN10451988, chapter 25.2.2.1).
2.1.6.
Other Design Codes
Special features of the Eurocode EC 2 199211:2004 (E) und :2005 (D)

Following boxed values according to NA 005 07.01.00 N 0196 are used:
# 12 3.1.6(1)P cc (fcd=cc*fck/c)
# 15 3.2.7(2) Design ultimate strain
The original version 199211:2004(E), aktivated with country code 0,
uses concrete with much higher strength (alphacc = 1.0). Steel is limited at a high design ultimate strain of 0.9*50 o/oo (> max =545
N/mm2).
Special features of the Russian SNIP 2.03.01
The concrete strength FC (Rb) and FCTK (Rbt) (see program AQUA record CONC) are reduced with an additional building factor b2. It can
be set with CTRL SNIP and is preset to 0.9. Steel is only used bilinear
up to FY, for shear FP is used for Rsw.
Special features of the Swedish BBK 04 and BBK 94
Important is here the additional safety coefficient gamman in dependence on the safety class (1,2 or 3). The safety class is defined in program AQUA via record NORM at CAT:
NORM S BBK04 or BBK94
28
CAT 1: gamman=1.00
CAT 2: gamman=1.10
CAT 3: gamman=1.20
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BEMESS
To change the safety class, an AQUA run with only an input for record
NORM can be set in front of the BEMESS.
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2.2.
Service Load Checks.
If requested with the input, the following checks are performed after each
other. If necessary the reinforcement is increased which is requested
statically by the appropriate amount.
2.2.1.
Minimum Thickness Check of the Compression

Zone
The program calculates the compression zone height in the principal moment
direction and in the principal axial force direction. The smaller value is
decisive. The design is performed according to the formulas in Betonkalender
1992/I, pages 465466. For this purpose the reinforcement whose the
direction does not usually coincide with the direction of the checked section
normal gets converted in the checked direction.
If this check is concluded without a reinforcement increase, it is followed with
the check 2.2.4, if requested. If it turns out that the required minimum
thickness of the compression zone is not kept with the statically required
reinforcement, the check 2.2.4 may occur at first, so that the possible
reinforcement increase which results from it may be taken into account in
handling the present check. The compression zone thickness is adjusted then
to the required value through iterative variation of the reinforcement.
The standard check is performed separately in the two principal moment
directions. A stricter check can be requested with CTRL THIC FULL (see
record CTRL).
The check is requested with an input XMIN in the record CRAC.
2.2.2.
Crack Width Control without Direct Calculation
The check limits the available steel stress during usage to the permissible
value according to the tables of the corresponding standard:
DIN10451988:
DIN 10451:
EC2:
OeNorm B 4700:
EHE(2000):
Table 14
Table 20
Table 4.11
Table 9 und 10
Input via SIGO, SIGU in record GRP
For the crack design according to DIN 10451 table 20 other crack widths are
possible. The table values are determined according to Heft 525 page 196
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BEMESS
equation (21). For crack check according to DIN 10451 the interpretations
of the Normenausschuss Bau NABAU (No. 123) are considered.
It is assumed a crack formation through load. A crack internal force for
example according to DIN10451988, chapter 17.6.2(3) is not considered.
For thick plates the limit diameters are increased according to the standard.
According to OeNORM B 4700 table 9+10 ht=0.5h is always used also for
shells with normal forces because of the problematic nature of different
tensile zone heights in different directions! Only for disks h=t is used there.
For arbitrary crack widths the interpolation of the maximum bar diameter
is done according to table 9 and 10 OeNORM B 4700.
For the Eurocode EC 2 199211:2004(E) and :2005(D) following boxed value
is used according to NA 005 07.01.00 N 0196:
# 68 7.3.4(3) Analysis of the crack width
For the limitation of the crack width a tabular check according to EN
199211:200.. 7.3.3 (CRAC WK TAB) is implemented. The calculation of the
crack width is done according to EN 199211:200.. 7.3.4 (CRAC WK 0.15)
and the minimum reinforcement according to EN 199211:200.. 7.3.2
(MREI...).
Minimum reinforcement fr early restraint according to DIN 10451:
According to NABAU No. 238 from November 2005 to 11.02.2 Tab. 20 the
table 20 is extended for steel stresses lower than 160 N/mm2.
For the Swiss code SIA 262, the Russian code SNIP 2.03.01 and the Swedish
code BBK 04 and BBK 94 the crack width check is done with CRAC WK TAB
and the check for the steel stresses with GRP...SIGU (or PARA SSU). For
these codes a direct crack width design according to EC2 4.4.2.4 is alternative
possible with CRAC WK 0.15.
The check is requested with the input DDES in the record CRAC as well as
an input of the environmental conditions or the crack width in the record
ELEM or NODE. CRAC...WK must not be input for this check according to the
tables! It is implemented for all reinforcement types DIRE and THRE.
2.2.3.
Crack Width Control with Direct Calculation
If the simple check according to the tables is not sufficing, a direct calculation
can occur with the default of the permissible crack width:
DIN10451988:
Version 11.61
Calculation according to Schiel

Heft 400 DAfStB
211
BEMESS
DIN 10451:
EC2:

Calculation according to the equation of the
standard DIN 10451
Calculation according to EuroCode 2
article 4.4.2.4
The method should be used only in special cases. In the normal case the
limitation of the crack width without direct calculation according to the
tables is recommended.
The precise" check is requested with an input WK and DDES in the record
CRAC. It is implemented for all reinforcement types DIRE and THRE.
212
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2.3.
BEMESS
Shear Checks.
A shear check is performed for plates and shells. The critical shear force V is
determined from the shear forces VX and VY via a geometrical addition. This
shear force, divided by the lever arm of the internal forces (see bending
design), results in the effective shear stress 0.
Three cases are distinguished according to DIN10451988:
0 < 011:
no shear reinforcement necessary (shear zone 1);
0 < 02:
Shear reinforcement is required (shear zone 2). The necessary shear
reinforcement is /s; is either equal to 0 in the case of the permanent
loads which are not mainly stationary or it is equal to the reduced shear
stress value according to DIN10451988, equation 17, in the case of the
permanent loads which are mainly stationary;
0 > 02:
without input 03: inadmissible stress region (shear zone 3)
with input 03: shear zone 3 until 0 = 03
with full shear consideration (girder constuction elements)
The output includes the shear zone, the existing shear stress 0 and possibly
the shear stress which has to be considered. Perpendicular links are
assumed during the calculation of the required shear reinforcement. The
shear reinforcement can be output in reference to an area (cm2/m2) or to the
elements (cm2).
The shear design according to DIN 10451, EuroCode 2 and OENORM B
4700 is based on three design values of the sustainable shear force:
VRd1:
Design value of the sustainable shear force without shear
reinforcement
VRd2:
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BEMESS
Maximum design value of the sustainable shear force with shear

reinforcement, which can be sustained without failure of the fictitious
compression concrete strut. If this value is exceeded by the existing
shear stress Vsd, the cross section can not be designed (corresponds to
shear zone 3 according to DIN10451988).
VRd3:
Design value of the sustainable shear force in a cross section with shear
reinforcement (assigned to the shear zone 2). The amount of the
required shear reinforcement depends on this value.
For shear design according to DIN 10451 the minimum shear reinforcement
is complemented corresponding to the interpretations of the Normenausschuss Bau NABAU (No. 131): For plates b/h>5 a minimum shear reinforcement has to be considered with 0.6 according to table 29 in case of
VED>VRd,ct.
In BEMESS the method with variable compression strut inclination is
implemented. The compression strut inclination is determined in this case
according to the utilization degree.
As VRd1 depends on the longitudinal reinforcement, for first V>VRd1 there are
two possibilities either compute shear reinforcement or increase longitudinal reinforcement to increase VRd1. This can be controlled with CTRL ro_v
for the overall slab or with PUNC ro_v for punching regions. Example of an
input in BEMESS6.dat:
CTRL RO_V 0.5 $ The program attempts not to use any shear reinforcement
$ up to this bending reinforcement ratio. The shear check
$ increases perhaps the bending reinforcement up to this value.
PUNC
D 0.30 B 0.30 ro_v 1.50 $ default single column dimensions
For EC2 the standard method is checked and used additionally, if it delivers
a smaller shear reinforcement. Therefore also a minimum shear
reinforcement is used for V>VRd1 with 60% of the values of the table 5.5
according to EC2 (Betonkalender 1998IS.242).
During the calculation of VRd1, VRd2 and the compression strut inclination
the available longitudinal tensile and longitudinal compressive
reinforcement as well as the normal force to be included in the principal shear
force direction are considered. Reinforcements are considered in this case
with the square of the cosine of the angular deviation to the principal shear
force direction.
214
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The basic value of the shear strength according to EC2 and OENORM is to
be input in the record MAT at item TRD, if defaulted values are not used. For
DIN 10451 no shear stress limits may be input. The design occurs there
exclusively due to the concrete stiffness fcd.
Reinforcement in steps is input at record MAT item K.
The shear design according to British Standard occurs like the check
according to EC2. The from the concrete alone sustainable shear stress vc
is determined in this case in dependence on the bending reinforcement in
principal shear force direction according British Standard Table 3.9.
The shear design of the American standard ACI occurs according to
ACI_318M_11.3 "Strength design" with the differentiated concrete design
resistance Vc according to bending, compressive or tensile bending. In
general a material safety of 0.85 (ACI_318M_B.9.3.2) is used for the shear.
Following boxed values according to NA 005 07.01.00 N 0196 are used:
# 45 6.2.2(1) Shear VRd,ct analysis
# 47 6.2.3(2) max. compression angle cot0
Special characteristics D not equal to E:
For shear in D and E, VRd,ct and VRd,max are calculated with different
factors. The additional limitation of the compression strut inclination
according to DIN 10451 equation (73) is not known in the original
EC2.
Special features OENORM B 4700 difference to EC2
Unlike the original EC2 the standard method in the shear design which
shows a smaller shear reinforcement at weak loaded cross sections
may not be employed here. The compression strut inclination beta is
limited to 0.6 (according to B4700 equation 23).
Special features French Design Code BAEL 91 Revision 99 difference
to EC2
Shear design ass = s (u0.3ftj k)/(0.9fe)
max. shear stress 0.2fcj/b or 5 MPa (compression strut)
Special features Italian Design Code D.M.9 genniao 1996 difference
to EC2
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215
BEMESS
Plates without shear design are allowed to

V Sdu v 0.25 @ ffcd @ r @ 1.0 ) 50 @ @ b w @ d @ d
otherwise shear design with VSdu Vcd + Vwd
with Vcd = 0.60fctd bw d
max. shear force 0.3fcd bw d
minimum shear reinforcement minVwd = 0.5 Vsdu
Special features Swiss Code SIA 262
In shear design, BEMESS tries to avoid shear reinforcement by increasing the longitudinal reinforcement up to RO_V to increase the
member resistance MRd (see CTRL RO_V). If shear reinforcement is
necessary, with SIA 4.3.3.4.5 an optimum compression angle is calculated. The value kc is set to 0.6.
For the concrete steel the value FP is used for Rsw (see program AQUA
record STEE). In shear design, BEMESS checks the compression
strength according to SNIP equation (72). Shear reinforcement is
necessary, if the shear stress reaches the concrete part Qb according to
SNIP (76). Then links will be computed for QQb with the assumption
of 45 degree compression angle. Minimum shear links will be taken
into account according to SNIP equation (82).
The shear check is done according to the alternative model which is described in BBK 043.7.3.7. This model corresponds except for some factors DIN 10451. As for DINFachbericht a minimum value vmin is
used for the concrete bearing capacity. For the shear check the program
attempts to increase the member resistance VRdc via an increase of the
longitudinal reinforcement up to RO_V (see CTRL RO_V) in order to
refuse a shear reinforcement. If a shear reinforcement is necessary, an
optimal inclination compression strut is determined according to
3.7.4.3d. However, this compression strut inclination becomes not
smaller than cotteta1.5 due to BBK 04figur 3.7.4.3b. If shear links
necessary, they are designed to fsv=fst according to 3.7.4.3f. A minimum
shear reinforcement is not checked.
216
Version 11.61
BEMESS
The shear check for BBK 94 is done according to the old model. Slight
normal forces taken here into account for the concrete part Vc with
0.1Nd according to 3.7.3.5.
Version 11.61
217
BEMESS
2.4.
Punching Checks.
2.4.1.
General Informations
Precondition
Load cases with support reactions have to be contained in the indicated load
cases. If the internal forces and moments from the program MAXIMA are
designed, the program BEMESS has to be informed also about the load case
of the extreme support reactions (record LC).
The use of boundary elements for linear wall support is the precondition for
the automatic identification of wall ends and wall corners. An elastic edge
support is recommended. The stiffness of this linear edge support results to
c=ED/h (with h=wall height) in this case and can be input generally with
approximate 500000 kN/m for the usual building constructions. Indeed a PZ
support with an additional output edge element is possible, however, high
singular corner moments which depend on the element mesh strongly are
calculated then at the reentrant corners!
Processing
The program searches then single support nodes (single columns) and wall
ends as well as wall corners and performs a punching check for these points.
Nodes with less than 5 kN support reaction are not considered! This has to
be considered for the control of the punching points (with program WING
QUAD ASPS SCHH 0.20")!
Within the punching area (see figure) the plate shear design is replaced then
by a punching check. The elements lying within this area get then at least the
for the punching check necessary upper longitudinal reinforcement. If the
bending design shows a higher longitudinal reinforcement, this becomes
determinent. A normal plate shear design occurs outside of the punching
area.
A consideration of studrails is not planned currently (see Column Input and
Control Parameters). The program can be informed (PUNC ... HEAD=DUEB),
however, that the check is supposed to be performed later. No increase of the
upper longitudinal reinforcement occurs then. The program does not
interrupt with a design error in spite of incorrect punching. The in WING
with ***** marked columns can be checked subsequently manually.
218
Version 11.61

Punching area
BEMESS
Punching area
Determinent cut
Determinent cut and punching area according to DIN10451988

Please notice different symbols:
DIN10451988
d=element thickness
h=effective depth
DIN 10451, EC2, BS,

ACI, EHE and OeNORM B 4700
d=reinforcement effective depth
h=element thickness
According to DIN 10451, EC2 and British Standard a determinent round

cut is defined according to the standard in the distance 1.5effective depth.
For the input of an enlarged column head the program verifies the external
punching cut (in the thinner plate). In the thicker enlarged column head no
check is necessary for the sufficient thickness DHEA. For 1.5(effective
depth+hS) LS in this case LS is reduced to hS according to DIN10451988.
For LS > 1.5(effective depth+hS) follows a warning that the shear cut is to
be performed within the stiffening by the user.
The critical round cut is to be performed for flat slabs in the case of
DIN10451988 with a diameter of dR=dS+effective depth which corresponds
to a distance of the effective depth/2 from the column. The distance is
1.5effective depth for DIN 10451, EC2 and British Standard. A perhaps
necessary punching shear reinforcement is calculated for DIN10451988 and
EC2 in a distributed form in a ring area with a width of 1.5effective depth.
For DIN 10451 and British Standard the necessary number of round cuts
(perimeter) to be reinforced and their in each case necessary reinforcement
in cm2 are determined (ECHO PUNC FULL). The total reinforcement in cm2
(sum of perimeter) is printed always in the list of the punching checks.
Punching design is done with the critical perimeter at 2.0*d. An addi-
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219
BEMESS
tional check at the column face is added. As the german version NA 005
07.01.00 N 0196 does not give boxed values, punching is then calculated
acc. DIN 10451.
Special feartures OENORM B 4700 difference to EC2
The original EC2 equation with 40ro1 is used for VRdc for punching and
not the equation (44) of B 4700, because the span l in the case of FE
plates is in general unknown. VRds is limited to 1.4VRdc. The punching
reinforcement is approximately twice so large as with the original EC2
due to the effective coefficient ks!
Special features according to American Standard ACI
Punching occurs with marking (without precise particularization) of
possible necessary shear arms according to ACI_318M_11.12
"Strength design". Like for the shear check a material safety of 0.85
(ACI_318M_B.9.3.2) is used also here.
Special features French Design Code BAEL 91 Revision 99 difference
to EC2
Punching form: rectangle around the column
Check of the shear stress in distance d/2
If not possible without shear reinforcement, then a warning is printed
with reference to manual determintation of punching reinforcement.
Special features Italian Design Code D.M.9 genniao 1996 difference
to EC2
Punching is only checked according to EC2. If not possible without
shear reinforcement, then a warning is printed with reference to manual determintation of punching reinforcement.
Special features Swiss Code SIA 262
Punching is checked according to german DIN 10451, because in SIA
262 the span length l and the resistance MRd influence are not known
in general. The collaps reinforcement according to SIA 262 4.3.6.7.1 is
taken into account. If necessary punching must be checked according
to SIA 262 separately. The collaps securing is considered according to
SIA 262 4.3.6.7.1.
220
Version 11.61
BEMESS

Punching is checked according to original EC2 and if necessary, it must
be checked separately.
Punching is checked at a perimeter 0.5d. The punching excentricity
factor is set to 1/1.15 for inner supports, 1/1.40 for boundary supports
und 1/1.5 for edge supports, according to common EC2 regulations. A
design with punching shear reinforcement is not allowed in BBK 04
and BBK 94. Also a check for the for column heads is not done.
So that a necessary shear reinforcement will not forget in the graphics, all
points have the shear reinforcement in the punching area, also the points
directly about the column!
If no column dimensions are input, BEMESS uses a rectangular column with
d=b=plate thickness (however, not larger than 30 cm) as default. Column
dimensions possibly defined in the data base are accepted (Slabdesigner).
With ECHO PUNC FULL a detailed output is printed per column.
Examples for wall and column punching checks are to be found in the Internet
at www.sofistik.com/bibliothek.htm in the statics examples.
2.4.2.
Column Input and Control Parameters
The manual input or modification of the column parameters occurs with:

PUNC TYPE X Y Z D B HEAD DHEA REIN MREI P LC_P
where the columns are assigned by means of the supporting coordinates X

and Y (meshindependent). If no input for X+Y occurs in spite of an input
D,B,HEAD,DHEA,REIN or MREI, the values are used for all columns.
The program attempts to perform first of all the punching check without
shear reinforcement. If bending reinforcements more than REIN (default 1.5
%) results, so the program changes to punching check with shear
reinforcement.
According to DIN10451988 0.5 % longitudinal reinforcement is used, if the
shear stress is more than 011a (is disconnectible with PUNC MREI=0.0).
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BEMESS
For the consideration of studrails see General Informations".

With PUNC TYPE=NO the punching check is not considered (= default for
shell structures).
2.4.3.
Inner, Edge and Corner Columns
For edge and corner columns the effective round cut u is smaller than
u0=PI(dS+ effective depth). In addition the calculated shear stress has to be
increased there around 40 % (DIN10451988).
BEMESS determines itself the effective round cut automatically, when it is
controlled whether in individual sectors around the column blockouts or
edges are to be found. It applies in this case individual sector areas like for
the block load analysis (SEPPBBLO). If for a sector area plate elements are
used with 100%, the sector is considered as effective for the punching.
Currently 36 sectors are arranged with 10 degrees per sector. The search
sectors extend from dS/2 to dS/2+6effective depth.
All effective search sectors together produce the effective perimeter u of the
punching round cut. The ratio u/u0 is output in % in the result list.
A column is considered as an inside column from 1.00u0 to 0.80u0., as an
edge column from 0.80u0 to 0.49u0, as a corner column smaller 0.49u0.
According to the standard the shear stress in the round cut determined with
u is increased with the following factor for the rough consideration of not
axisymmetric bending loading:
Increasing factor of the calculated shear stress in round cut:
Standard: DIN10451988
Inner column
1.00
Edge column
1.40
Corner column
1.40
2.4.4.
10451
1.15
1.40
1.50
EC2
1.15
1.40
1.50
BS
1.15
1.40
1.40
ACI
is consi
dered at
Vc
Shear and Bending Design at the Column
Within the punching area the regular plate shear design is omitted and
replaced by the punching check.
The high node moment in a singular supported node is reduced with deltam
= A/8bmin/bmax (A = maximum support reaction, bmin, bmax = smaller,
larger column dimension). It is considered, that for biaxial moment loading
(mI=mII) the support pressure can be determined only in each case to a half
222
Version 11.61
BEMESS
for a mI and a mII support moment reduction, therefore deltamI= A/16 and
deltamII= A/16 for bx=by. The moment reduction is limited to max. 20 %.
In addition a larger thickness is used during the bending design of the central
column node. In this case the thickness is increased from the column edge
with 1:3. With the default of a plate thickness in the record GEOM as well as
at wall ends and wall corners this increase does not occur. The increased
thickness is printed in the case of ECHO REIN FULL per node.
Design thickness in the central node
2.4.5.
Special Features at Wall Ends and Wall Corners
The critical round cut is used only at the wall front edges and at the wall
lateral edges according to the new DIN10451 picture 38. The support forces
are transformed in a smeared linear reaction and then integrated over a
length of a1/2 as shown in the pictures below. The single node force of the
corresponding edge node is used, however, at least to 2/3. The shear stress R
is always increased around 40 % due to the nonaxisymmetric loading. For
EC2 and British Standard the values are valid according to the standard.
The program uses a wall thickness D with 24 cm as an effective support wall
area for the default as well as a corresponding wall length according to the
design code. If a wall thickness already exists in the database, this is used so.
A load increasing factor of 1.05 is considered at wall ends for a normal design.
According to Betonkalender 2006II page 186 the DIN defines no load increasing factor for wall ends and wall corners. In the example according to
Betonkalender the load increasing factor is used however with 1.40, on the
other hand a longer check cut is selected with the side length of 1.5d. BEMESS sets the side length to 1.0d according to DIN and selects the load incresing factor with 1.05. Thus a "balanced design" described as in the Betonkalender is reached. It is also possible to use a load increasing factor of 1.40, if
an integration of the loads is defined to 1.5d or smaller with CTRL WINT 1.5.
Thus smaller punching loads result then, however. Another possibility is to
increase the side length with CTRL WEND 0.60.
Legend
1
2
Load area Aload

determinent sections of the critical round cut
Version 11.61
223
BEMESS
a2b
a 1 v
5, 6d * b1
b
b1 v 2, 8d
DIN10451, figure 38 Determinent sections for the critical round cut in the
case of extensive support areas
1
Wall end
224
Version 11.61
BEMESS
Wall corner
Legend
Load area Aload
If two wall ends are direct side by side, u is limited to 0.6u0 in order to prevent
an overlap of the round cuts. The design moment is reduced. An increase of
the plate thickness in the central node does not occur, however, because in the
rule it is supported onto a masonry wall.
Input example:
PROG BEMESS
HEAD
ECHO full no; ECHO para,punc full
PUNC WALL
D 0.365
$
PUNC WALL X 3.20 Y 5.26 D 0.24
PUNC WALL X 8.15 Y 2.10 HEAD DUEB
PUNC
D 0.40 B 0.40 $
LC (801 806 1) $ MAXMIN load cases of
901,902
$ MAXMIN load cases of
LC
GEOM HA 30 DHA 10 HB 30 DHB 10
$
DIRE 0 0
$
END
default wall thickness
dimension single column

the extreme bending moments
the support reactions
** concrete cover
** reinforcement direction
With the first line PUNC WALL" without X,Y the wall thickness D is preset
to 36.5 cm for all wall punching checks. For an individual wall end near X 3.20
Version 11.61
225
BEMESS
Y 5.26 the check for D=24 cm is required. The third line defines that studrails
are inserted at the wall end at X 8.15 to Y 2.10 and therefore no increase of
the upper longitudinal reinforcement is supposed to occur. The program does
not interrupt then with a design error in spite of incorrect punching. The
fourth PUNC input without WALL" produces a default for the dimensions of
single columns, here 4040 cm.
The punching check for wall ends and wall corners may be deactivated with
PUNC WALL HEAD DUEB REIN 0.0. Then it can be checked manually.
2.4.6.
Punching Check Foundation Plates
Automatic Punching Check

Columns which stand on bedded foundation plates are indentified
automatically at the punching check. They are checked with deduction of the
minimal soil pressure. For this purpose the program reads the structure
points from the program SOFIPLUS from the database (column dimensions)
and integrates the punching force from the load cases of the superpositioned
max/min internal forces of the plate. Because it is not known which soil
pressure appertains to this combination, the minimum soil pressure of the
superposition load cases in the punching circle is deducted for the safety.
If only the load case of the maximum soil pressure is input manually in
BEMESS record LC, only this load case is used then. If no load cases with
bedding stresses are requested, BEMESS searches at first automatically the
MAXIMA bedding results and otherwise the load case dead load.
BEMESS searches for high nodal point loads for systems from the program
MONET or for ASCII inputs. In this case the column dimensions have to be
defined with PUNC FOUN D 0.40 B 0.40.
Generally it is valid that the column load has to be input always at a FE node.
Column loads may not be defined as an area load or a point load within an
element. Otherwise the automatic punching check can not integrate a
punching force.
Semiautomatic Punching Check
In order to be able to perform a punching check for foundations plates, an
input at which the maximum column load has to be defined manually in the
record PUNC was developed as a second variant. For the following input in
BEMESS:
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Version 11.61
BEMESS
PUNC FOUN X .. Y .. D .. B .. P .. LC_P ..
a foundation punching check occurs at the position X,Y with the defined
maximum column force P for a column with the dimension D,B. In this case
the soil pressure of the load case LC_P is deducted in the circle area dK.
Example:
PUNC FOUN X 3.20 Y 5.26 D 0.40 B 0.40 P 1280 LC_P 818
Like for the column punching check a from the column edge about 1/3
increased plate thickness is considered at the design of the central node. The
design moment is reduced.
2.4.7.
Punching Check at a ThreeDimensional System
In increasing measure highrise buildings are analysed according to the

Finite Element Method also for threedimensional systems. The singular
column points and wall end points are a problem in the design especially for
the shear design. The decisive punching points of column connections and
wall ends are identified automatically also at inserted slabs and checked.
Within a round cut the normal plate shear check can be omitted then. The
bending moments are reduced at the columns. The decisive shear force
results from the difference of the column forces over and under the slab.
Because these parts are not anymore understandable from the column forces
after a superposition with the partial safety factors, the punching force is
integrated about the shape functions at the punching node from the bordering
plate elements. The punching dimensions are extracted automatically from
the column cross sections and the wall thicknesses.
In the same manner a punching check is performed for columns and wall ends
at elastic bedded foundation plates with deduction of the minimum soil
pressure.
In the illustration the automatically determined critical punching round cuts
are plotted in red. Because the design occurred according to the DIN 10451,
the necessary shear reinforcement is calculated in part in some round cuts.
Here this is the case particularly in the foundation plate. The in each case
reduced round cut is recognizable at the wall ends.
Version 11.61
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BEMESS
WINGRAF (V12.3399) 7.11.2002
SOFiSTiK AG 85764 Oberschleiheim
Knoten 2944
VULS= 187.8 kN
Perimeter 1 4.32 cm2
Knoten 3635
VULS= 546.9 kN
ASS= 0 cm2
Knoten 3935
VULS= 247.2 kN
ASS= 0 cm2
Knoten 1322
VULS= 345.2 kN
Knoten 3645
VULS= 239.1 kN
ASS= 0 cm2
Knoten 1402
VULS= 183.4 kN
Knoten 1582
VULS= 112.1 kN
Knoten 3945
ASS= 0 cm2
Knoten 1874
VULS= 115.0 kN
VULS= 551.2
kN0 cm2
ASS=
ASS= 0 cm2
Knoten 1884
VULS= 235.6 kN
ASS= 0 cm2
Knoten 2174
VULS= 553.4 kN
ASS= 0 cm2
Knoten 363
VULS= 637.5 kN
ASS= ******
Knoten 2474
VULS= 246.3 kN
Knoten 683 ASS= 0 cm2
VULS= 581.1 kN
Knoten 41
VULS= 323.2 kN
Knoten
Perimeter 2 4.28
cm22184
VULS=
Perimeter 3 2.55
cm2 234.5 kN
ASS=
Perimeter 4 3.23
cm20 cm2
Knoten 373
VULS= 1193 kN
Knoten 693
VULS= 1206 kN
Knoten 61
VULS= 326.4 kN
Knoten 383
VULS= 576.0 kN
Knoten 2484
VULS= 111.1 kN
ASS= 0 cm2
5.00
Knoten 1003
VULS= 280.3 kN
Knoten 3043
VULS= 116.1 kN
ASS= 0 cm2
Knoten 3345
VULS= 240.1 kN
ASS= 0 cm2
0.00
Knoten 1262
VULS= 386.9 kN
Knoten 1483
VULS= 191.2 kN
Knoten 2863
VULS= 181.0 kN
Knoten 3335 Perimeter 2 1.11 cm2
VULS= 537.3 kN
ASS= 0 cm2
Knoten 2783
VULS= 336.4 kN
5.00
Knoten 2723
VULS= 383.7 kN
Knoten 703
VULS= 573.2 kN
Knoten 1013
VULS= 594.4 kN
Knoten 1023
VULS= 319.2 kN
10.00
Y X
Z
5.00
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
Kontur
Durchstanzen, Bemessungsfall 1 (Max=33.0)
Durchstanzen an 3D Hochhausdecken
SEITE 1173
The program BEMESS may carry out now additionally a stress amplitude
check. If the stress amplitude is exceeded for the defined load cases, the
reinforcement is increased automatically until the check is correct. The link
stress for the full shear consideration with 45 degree diagonal strut
inclination is determined for the stress amplitude of the shear reinforcement.
228
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2.5.
BEMESS
Stress Determination.
Stresses of the single load cases or of the single load cases from superposition
may be printed directly without the program BEMESS with the program
WINGRAF at cuts or isolines.
The option of the stress determination in BEMESS is used for the search of
extreme stresses from a series of load cases. In this case BEMESS selects
itself the maximum stress from the indicated load cases for each element.
Then a plot of this extreme stresses shows in general results of different load
cases like a moment envelope.
The normal stresses are determined according to the formula:
s + N " M
W
A
(1)
This is done separately for the two sides of the plate or the shell for x, y and
xy. These can be used for the calculation of the principal stresses I and II
and the angle .
The shear stress at the plate centre or shell centre is calculated according to
the formula:
t + 1.5 @ V
A
(2)
The design shear force V is the maximum shear force determined at the
design point by means of geometric addition of the shear forces VX and VY:
V + V 2x ) V 2y
12
(3)
Also von mise stresses on top, on bottom and as maximum values are calculated. To get the maximum von mise stress also inside an element, the elements are cut into 10 layers for the sigv analysis.
The stress determination with BEMESS must not be used after a material
nonlinear calculation with ASE, because the formula = N/A M/W is not
valid anymore for the structure thickness of a nonlinear stress distribution!
Nonlinear stresses can be requested with the program WING in a separate
way.
Version 11.61
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BEMESS

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Input Description.
3.1.
Input Language
The program BEMESS uses the CADINP input language, see general manual SOFiSTiK: FEA / STRUCTURAL Installation and Basics.
3.2.
Input Records
The following records are defined:

Records
Items
CTRL
TYPE
PFAI
WINT
MUEZ
K1
FFCT
SIGS
FACU
RMOD
RO_V
WEND
XMIN
DDEB
KC
SIGT
FACL
SYST
ROBU
REDN
DDES
WKB
K
CHKC
FACV
WALL
COTT
RADP
STAN
AUGM
FACH
GALF
WARN
THIC
LCRI
TENS
VF70
LCR
SNIP
WK
BETA
BOND
BET1
BET2
ROBU
CHKS
FACP
PARA
FATC
SIGP
LS_U
LOCP
LS_L
LS_V
LS_P
MAT
CONC
T03
SS1
STEE
AM3
SS2
K
FC
BETZ
FY
N
TU0
MINC
TUGR
MSTA
TRD
T011
SC1
T02
SC2
GEOM
GEO
DIRE
THRE
PARA
H
H
UPP
ABEX
NOG
WKU2
SSL2
BSU2
TYPE
MREI
HA
HA
LOW
ABMI
NOEL
WKU3
SSL3
BSU3
X
P
DHA
DHA
TYPE
ABIN
DU
WKL
ASU
BSL
Y
LC_P
HB
HB
X
BEEX
DU
WKL2
ASU2
BSL2
Z
DHB
DHB
Y
BEMI
DU3
WKL3
ASU3
BSL3
D
DDHA
DDHA
Z
BEIN
DL
SSU
ASL
TYPE
B
DDHB
DDHB
HPRE
HPRE
DL2
SSU2
ASL2
DL3
SSU3
ASL3
WKU
SSL
BSU
HEAD
DHEA
RO_V
CRAC
MREI
NSTR
PUNC
Version 11.61
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BEMESS
Records
Items
LC
GRP
ELEM
NODE
NO
NO
FROM
FROM
SIGB
NO
NXY
PERC
ENVA
TO
TO
ENVB
DELT
DELT
WKU
ENVA
ENVA
WKL
ENVB
ENVB
SIGU
WKA
GROU
SIGL
WKB
WKA
SIGA
WKB
SIGB
SIGA
NO1
MX
MY
MXY
VX
VY
NX
NY
OPT
VAL
S
ECHO
The input sequence of the input records is arbitrary. However, END must always be the last input record. Each ELEM or NODE record causes a design
with the already defined parameters (possible as the default values). An
input of GEO or DIRE or THRE after ELEM/NODE refers thus always to the
next design specifications.
The records HEAD, END and PAGE are described in the general manual SOFiSTiK: FEA / STRUCTURAL Installation and Basics.
A reasonable analysis is possible even without data. The default values are
activated in each case.
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See also:
3.3.
MREI CRAC NSTR MAT PUNC
CTRL Control of the Design
Item
Description
TYPE
RMOD
CTRL
Dimension
Default
Design task
SERV Reinforced concrete design,
for loadcases on SLS level
STRE Stress calculation according
to theory of elasticitiy
ULTI Reinforced concrete design,
for loadcases on ULS level
SLS
SLS design checks
> MREI, CRAC or NSTR
default: in dependence on the system
LIT
Save mode for reinforcement or stresses:

SING Single analysis, no save
SAVE Save, does overwrite already
stored values
SUPE The maximum of the calcula
ted and the already stored
reinforcement is saved.
ADD
The calculated reinforcement
is added to the one stored in
the data base. Prefabricated
parts with subsequent sup
plementing by castinplace
concrete can be designed in
this way.
LIT
SAVE
Version 11.61
33
BEMESS
Item
Description
SYST
Dimension
Default
Design strategy (required or allowed for

external forces and moments only)
SPAC Shell design
GIRD Plate design
FRAM Disk design
LIT
SPAC
WALL
Deep beam
(see also record MAT AM3)
YES
Requirements for minimum
reinforcement
0.05% per side for DIN
10451988
0.075% per side for
DIN 10451
0.10% per side for OENorm
B 4700
0.15% per side for EC2,
BS,ACI
(Default for disks)
NO
No minimum reinforcement
(Default for shells)
LIT
AUGM
Small member thickness

YES
For h < 7cm the internal for
ces are increased by calcula
tion according to
DIN1045 1988, 17.2.1 (6).
NO
No correction of the internal
forces or the permissable
stresses due to the small
member thickness
LIT
YES
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BEMESS

Item
Description
Dimension
Default
GALF
Global load safety factor

All internal forces for the design according to DIN 10451,EC2,BS,ACI + OENORM in BEMESS are multiplied by the
load safety factor GALF. Default:
CTRL SERV GALF=1.45 for
DIN 10451, EC2,
OENORM,EHE
GALF=1.55 for BS,ACI
CTRL ULTI GALF=1.0
CTRL CRAC GALF=1.0
THIC
Strict compression zone check

SEPA Check in two seperate
directions
FULL Strict check
LIT
SEPA
TENS
Reduction of the permissible concrete

compressive stress at transverse tension
(May be defined 0 %)
default 20%,
(DIN 10451 + DINFachbericht: 25%)
LCR
Reinforcement distribution number
PFAI
Compression failure method for shells

and disks
1
mechanical correct analysis
2
does always transform into
compression reinforcement
(refer to BasicsReinforce
ment ConcreteDisks)
Version 11.61
35
BEMESS
Item
Description
RO_V
Dimension
Default
Maximum reinforcement for shear for

normal slab region (see also PUNC ro_v
for punching region).
0.2
ROBU
Check of a minimum reinforcement for

the safety of a ductile member behaviour
(robustness reinforcement)
FCTM according to DIN10451 with
a crack moment due to the
concrete tensile strength fctm
FCTK or check with fctk
or input of a different strength
Caution: ROBU will be omitted here in
future. See record MREI
N/mm2
COTT
Limitation of the cotangens theta for

shear design
input permissible between 1.00 and 3.00
for DIN 10451 and EHE
default for database according to DIN
Fachberichte: 7/4 in accordance with introductory decree
FACH
German DIN Fachberichte

0
No consideration
1
Consideration of additional
design codes according to the
DIN Fachberichte, minimum
value for VRd,ct in the shear
check without computed
necessary shear reinforce
ment
default: according to the design code in
the database
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Version 11.61
BEMESS

Item
Description
Dimension
Default
WARN
Special error messages can be switched

off. Possible for error no. 77, 78 and 207.
LCRI
Determination of the reinforcement

maximum from some design calculations
VF70
Factor for increase of the load bearing capacity for accidental loading situation
1.0
SNIP
Building factor b2 of the SNIP 2.03.01
0.9
WINT
Wall integration length for punching

check
default:
2.0
fr DIN 10451988
1.5
2.0
(1.5)
WEND
Punching at wall ends

Default: according to the standard
REDN
Factor for design with reduced normal

force
Factor the modification of the check radius for punching
1.0
6.0
RADP
With CTRL TYPE ULTI can be defined, that the load cases contain internal
forces and moment in the ultimate limit state. The default for CTRL ULTI is
defined in the following manner: If the superposition occurs with actions for
the design state in program MAXIMA, this is recognized by BEMESS. The
program uses the load cases as load cases with ultimate limit loads also without an input CTRL ULTI.
With GALF the load cases can get a factor for the design according to the
EuroCode 2. If already a load case superposition occurred including the partial safety factors of EuroCode 2 with the program MAXIMA, CTRL ULTI
with CTRL GALF=1.0 is to be used. ULTI means that the design load cases
already represent ultimate loads and they do not have to be provided with any
additional load safety coefficients. If MAXIMA has not determined any load
case combinations in accordance with EuroCode 2, this can be done approximately in BEMESS. SERV implies an average value between 1.3 for g loads
Version 11.61
37
BEMESS
and 1.5 for q loads. Any arbitrary value can be input additionally for GALF.
The input for GALF has no importance for DIN10451988.
The literal CTRL TYPE CRAC can be used for the identification of a pure BEMESS service load check. In this case the load safety factor CTRL GALF is
used with 1.0. Additionally no check for the ultimate limit state, no shear design and no punching check are printed. The function CTRL TYPE CRAC is
only possible in connection with the option CTRL RMOD SUPE to complete
a previous design in the ultimate limit state. Because data about the punching are also necessary for the service load check, e.g. support moment reduction over the column, the punching check should be activated for a pure BEMESS service load check. In this case the load cases of the program MAXIMA
has to be defined with the maximum support reactions of the service load
superposition! However, for CTRL SLS the punching is considered, but it is
not saved to avoid an influence of the failure results which are determinent
for the punching, e.g. for the program WING. A shear check does not occur
for CTRL SLS.
Compression zone thickness strict method:
If a plate has a crack at its lower side and a 90 degrees rotated
crack at its upper side (twisting moments at the plate corners), the
compression zone thickness can be kept perpendicularly to each
crack. This case is considered correct by CTRL THIC SEPA.
Since, however, the compression zones do not pass through the
middle, the cracks meet at the interior. The strict check reports
this case by an error message as not admissible. Consider, that almost none finite element analysis can manage without an error
message for the minimum thickness check of the compression
zone (twisting moments always arise at some place without supporting axial forces).
The check in separate directions occurs as the default (CTRL
THIC SEPA). A reinforcement increase is performed only in these
directions.
The strict check must be requested explicitly by CTRL THIC
FULL.
For shear checks according to DIN 10451, EC2, ACI and British Standard
it is possible to input a maximum percentage of reinforcement RO_V. If the
38
Version 11.61
BEMESS
normal shear check without shear reinforcement is not possible with the reinforcement determined from the bending, the program attempts to increase
the bending reinforcement ratio without an use of a shear reinforcement.
This succeeds mostly, particularly in the area of the moment zero points. In
this case the bending reinforcement is increased up to a maximum reinforcement ratio RO_V in percent.
Punching at wall ends:
To get more to the save side, the integration length has been set to 2*wall
width. Following input is possible e.g. with:
CTRL WINT 2.00
CTRL WEND 0.70
wall integration length 2.0*wall width

(default 2.0, DIN10451988: 1.50)
wall end perimeter reduction/increase
The shadowing area may be input for the punching at wall ends with CTRL
WEND for the adaptation to other standards or conditions. E.g. CTRL WEND
0.7 defines the use of maximum 70 % of the full round cut. In this example 30
% = 108 degree are shadowed. If this factor is input larger than 0.8, the increasing factor for nonaxisymmetric loading is set to at least 1.4. (See
Chapter 2)
The check of a minimum reinforcement for the safety of a ductile member behaviour (robustness reinforcement) occurs with an input for ROBU (at this
time only for twocourse reinforcement). The check according to DIN10451
with a crack moment due to the concrete tensile strength fctm is performed
with CTRL ROBU FCTM. However, a different tensile strength may be input
with CTRL ROBU, e.g. CTRL ROBU 2.50 (N/mm2). The crack moment can
be converted into a necessary minimum reinforcement with a fixed lever arm
value kz=0.9 and the steel yield strength fyk.
Superposition of various design calculation with LCRI
With CTRL LCRI ... it is possible to determine the reinforcement maximum
(incl. punching reinforcement) from some previous design calculations. This
maximum can be used then as basis for the current calculation. The current
calculation is saved with the reinforcement distribution number which is defined with CTRL LCR. CTRL RMOD SUPE is activated automatically.
It is also possible to generate the maximum in a BEMESS calculation without
further analysis, e.g.:
Version 11.61
39
BEMESS
prog bemess
head
ctrl LCRI 1,2,3,4
ctrl LCR 11
end
See example: DIN_FB_Platte.dat

If two designs in ultimate limit state or two checks for serviceability are done
with the in each case same LCR number, then the results only of the last calculation are saved always in the database.
VF70 Factor for increase of the load bearing capacity for accidental loading
situation
For power plant design the shear capacity according to DIN 10451 equation
70 and 105 can be increased by a factor with CTRL VF70, e.g. VF70=1.15. to
take into account a reduction of the partial safety factor for these checks
REDN Factor for design with reduced normal force
A design with reduced normal forces is possible with CTRL REDN . To design
also maximum tension and maximum pressure, in any case a previous run
without REDN is necessary! Thus this option is only allowed with parallel
CTRL RMOD SUPE! To study the influence of REDN in LCR1LCR2, the
best way is to use:
PROG BEMESS
HEAD Design without reduction
CTRL LCR 2
...
END
PROG
HEAD
CTRL
CTRL
...
END
BEMESS
Design with reduced normal forces
LCR 1 LCRI 2 RMOD SUPE
REDN 0.8
It is also possible to processed both BEMESS parts with LCR 1 (without input
for LCR).
RADP Factor the modification of the check radius for punching
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Version 11.61
BEMESS
The check radius for punching perimeters can be modified with CTRL RADP.
Sectors with openings or boundaries closer than 6d to the column edge do not
act in the perimeter by default. With RADP this factor can be changed (default 6.0 for thin slabs, intern already reduced for thick slabs).
Version 11.61
311
BEMESS
See also:
3.4.
CTRL MAT GRP ELEM NODE
CRAC Control of the Service

Load Checks
Item
Description
MUEZ
(DIN 10451979) no longer used
XMIN
CRAC
Dimension
Default
Minimum thickness of compressive zone

in seperate directions or full (see CTRL)
cm
0.
DDES
Bar diameter for which the check has to

be executed
This item should be defined in future in
record PARA. See also the example: bemess6.dat Building Construction Plate
with Balcony
mm
28.
STAN
No longer used, please use the program

AQUA record STAN
WK
Computed crack width value

mm/LIT
TAB
check of diameters with tables
via GRP + ELEM + NODE
>0
direct crack width calculation
without tables
BETA
Control factor (safety coefficient)

(parameter k4 according to Heft 400
DAfSt!)
BOND
Indicator of the reinforcements exterior

surface quality:
RIB
for ripped concrete steel
PROF for shaped concrete steel
PLAI for smooth concrete steel
312
1.7
LIT
RIB
Version 11.61
BEMESS

Item
Description
Dimension
Default
BET1
Coefficient Beta1 in the crack formula for

wk, factor which considers the bond properties of the concrete steel
Defaults corresponding to the BOND definition:
1.0
for RIB
0.75
for PROF
0.5
for PLAI
Any numerical value can be input otherwise.
BET2
Coefficient Beta2 in the crack formula for

wk, factor which considers for the load
duration
DYN
for short time loading: implies
BET2=1.0
STAT for permanent or repeated
loading: implies BET2=0.5
/LIT
STAT
K1
Coefficient which considers the bond

quality to the crack distance in the crack
formula for wk (parameter k2 according
to Heft 400 DAfSt!)
Defaults corresponding to the BOND definition:
0.8
for RIB
1.2
for PROF (interpolated by
analogy)
1.6
for PLAI
Version 11.61
313
BEMESS
Item
Description
DDEB
Bar diameter for lower side

This item should be defined in future in
record PARA. See also the example: bemess6.dat Building Construction Plate
with Balcony
WKB
Computed crack width value for lower

side
Dimension
Default
mm
DDES
mm/LIT
WK
The simple crack width check with the limitation of the steel stress with
tables is controlled with DDES and WK=TAB via the environmental conditions or the crack width in the records GRP, ELEM or NODE.
The precise" crack width check with a direct calculation (DAfStbHeft 400,
EuroCode 2 or DIN 10451) is activated via the input of a value for WK in the
record CRAC. The concrete tensile stress BETZ of the record MAT has not to
be defined then to zero. The parameters WK to K1 are used only for the precise" check.
This record remains effective until another CRAC record is input. Without a
CRAC input, no service load checks occur!
314
Version 11.61
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3.5.
MREI Minimum
Reinforcement
MREI
Item
Description
FFCT
KC
Factor for effective tensile strength

Coefficient for stress distribution during
first cracking
External constraint for bending constraint usually input K=1.0 is required
ROBU
Robustness reinforcement DIN 10451
PARA
Minimum reinforcement from PARA

YES
apply min. reinforcement
NO
do not apply of PARA
Dimension
Default
YES
A manual minimum reinforcement of PARA...ASU will be taken into account

for MREI PARA YES. In a nonlinear analyis in ASE it will be taken alwaws!
The minimum reinforcement according to DIN 10451, 11.2.2 is defined with
the record MREI FFCT, KC and K.
The factor of the effective tensile strength results as follwos:
fct,eff + FFCT @ fctm
Minimum 3.0 N/mm2 (leightweight concrete) are used for FFCT = 1.0.
Without an input for KC the coefficient is determined from the axial force for
threedimensional systems. Reasonable inputs are:
MREI FFCT 1.0 KC 0.4 K 1.0 for bending constraint
MREI FFCT 0.5 KC 1.0
for centrical constraint from hydration
heat
The item K is calculated in dependence of the depth. Fr external constraint
(column settlement or bending constraint) it should be input with k=1.0.
Because the table 20 is used also for the determination of the minumum reinforcement according to DIN 10451, 11.2.2, the input of the crack width WKU
and WKL in record GRP is necessary for MREI! If the limitation of the crack
width according to table 21 is desired simultaneously, WKU and SIGU can be
Version 11.61
315
BEMESS
input in record GRP! Then WKU is used for the minimum reinforcement and
SIGA is used for the limitation of the crack width without a direct calculation
according to table 21.
Example: see bemess2.dat.
The check of a minimum reinforcement for the safety of a ductile member behaviour (robustness reinforcement) occurs with an input for ROBU (at this
time only for twocourse reinforcement). The check according to DIN10451
with a crack moment due to the concrete tensile strength fctm is performed
with ROBU=FCTM. With CTRL ROBU=FCTK the design runs with fctk for
DINFB. However, a different tensile strength may be input with ROBU, e.g.
ROBU=2.50 (N/mm2). The crack moment can be converted into a necessary
minimum reinforcement with a fixed lever arm value kz=0.9 and the steel
yield strength fyk.
Varying MREI input is possible with multiple input. A MREI input defines
the values for the following GRP selection.
316
Version 11.61
BEMESS

See also:
3.6.
ECHO CTRL MAT LC
NSTR SLS Checks
Item
Description
SIGS
NSTR
Dimension
Default
Stress amplitude for reinforcement

and/or for fatigue check according to
DINFB 102:
= Rsk (N*)
N/mm2
SIGT
Stress amplitude for link reinforcement.

Reduced default due to small bending diameter.
Over puching nodes no shear reinforcement will be increased du to SIGT!
N/mm2
0.454*
SIGS
CHKC
Control of the concrete compressive

stress in serviceability limit state
0.45
Check to 0.45 fckl
0
No control
CHKS
Control of the steel stress

0.8
Check to 0.8 fyk
0
No control
Version 11.61
317
BEMESS
Item
Description
Dimension
Default
FATC
Fatigue of concrete: time of first loading

of the concrete in days
days
LS_U
LS_L
LS_V
LS_P
Correction coefficients s according to

DINFB 102 Anhang A.106.2:
upper reinforcement
lower reinforcement
shear reinforcement
prestressing steel
FACU
FACL
FACV
FACP
Increase factors axle load of load model 3

according to DINFB Anhang A.106.2
(101P):
upper reinforcement
lower reinforcement
shear reinforcement
prestressing steel
1.75
1.4
1.75
1.75
N/mm2
SIGP
LOCP
Stress amplitude for prestressing steel

Local directions of the tendons
0
Stress amplitude, determines
with maximum of the stress
amplitudes of the main and
transverse reinforcements
1
with the stress amplitude of
the main reinforcement
2
with the stress amplitude of
the transverse reinforcement
Attention: Using SIGS, SIGT, CHKS, LS_U, LS_L, LS_V, FAKU, FAKL or
FAKV, the reinforcement will be increased to fullfill the check.
Using CHKC, the stress will only be calculated and has to be checked by the
user usually graphically in WINGRAF.
The stress amplitude of the reinforcement may be verified with the input record NSTR. At first a normal design occurs with possible additional service-
318
Version 11.61
BEMESS
ability checks. Then a possible already saved reinforcement is considered at

CTRL BMOD SUPE. For each load case the reinforcement stress in computed. The minimum and maximum value of all load cases then give the
stress range. To avoid misunderstanding, only an input of 100 % permanent
factor (LC...PERC used for other checks) is allowed using NSTR. The set of
load cases with/without live load part has to be produced with MAXIMA in
advance. If the stress amplitude is to large, the reinforcement is increased
correspondingly.
Also the elements that do not require any reinforcement increase are printed
with ECHO SIGS FULL. ECHO SIGS EXTR produces the stresses of the
single load cases as well as the used updated lever arms. If a further calculation is started with CTRL BMOD SUPE after a BEMESS calculation with a
stress amplitude check, smaller stress amplitudes are determined in this second calculation, because the reinforcement increased in the previous calculation is used for the stress determination (= control of the reinforcement increase).
At first a design in the ultimate limit state should be performed usually. Then
an separate BEMESS stress amplitude check occurs with CTRL BMOD
SUPE for possible other serviceability load cases from the program
MAXIMA.
The link stress for full shear consideration at 45 degree diagonal strut inclination is determined for the stress amplitude of the links (SIGT) independently
of the design code (sigmaT=q/ass/zm, zm=lever arm of the bending design).
It is also checked whether the direction of the shear force alternates in the
different load cases, because it is an indication for decompression: E.g. if LC
1 has Vx=+100 and LC 2 has Vx=100, then both load cases have the same
shear stress but the shear force changes through zero from LC 1 to LC 2!
A stress amplitude is not considered for the punching check! Over puching
nodes no shear reinforcement will be increased du to SIGT! For graphical
checks, the link stress range computed from the real slab shear force is calculated and stored for WINGRAF.
Fatigue check according to DIN Fachbericht 102 4.3.7.
The fatigue check for concrete according to DINFB 102 is controlled via an
input for FATC.
Version 11.61
319
BEMESS
A fatigue check for steel is realized, if at least an input for LS_U, LS_L, LS_V,
FAKU, FAKL or FAKV is done. Here SIGS means according to 4.3.7.5 DIN
FB 102:
SIGS + Ds Rsk N *
Example for fatigue check: See DIN_FB_Platte.dat
320
Version 11.61
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See also:
3.7.
CTRL CRAC NSTR
MAT Input of Material

Properties
Item
Description
CONC
STEE
MAT
Dimension
Default
Concrete class
15,25,35,45,55
DIN 10451988
C12,C16,C20,C25,
C30,C35,C40,C45,
C50
EC2/DIN 10451
(dependent on
country code, see
program AQUA
record NORM
BS20,BS25,BS30,
BS40,BS50
Britisch Standard
OENORM B 4700,
EHE, ACI
only from database
*
Concrete from the
database, else 25
LIT
Concrete steel class

220,420,500
DIN10451988
S220,S400,S500 EC2/ DIN 10451
S250,S460
British Standard
OENORM B 4700,
EHE, ACI
only from database
*
Steel from the
database, else 500
LIT
Version 11.61
321
BEMESS
Item
Description
Dimension
Default
Control parameters for the shear check

K1
Span reinforcement is
continuous. (>50%)
K1S
Span reincorcement is
in steps
K2
only for DIN10451988:
with cofficient k2
K2S
only for DIN10451988:
in steps
LIT
K1S
BETZ
Effective concrete tensile strength

*
Default: values from the
database
Default for manual CONC input:
DIN10451988:
0.25WN2/3
EC2 and DIN 10451:
0.30fck2/3
MPa
Ratio of E moduli steel/concrete

*
Default: values from the
database
Default for manual CONC input: 10
MINC
Minimum transverse reinforcement

The transverse reinforcement is at least
MINC times the main reinforcement.
0.2
MSTA
Character of the loading

YES
mainly stationary loading
NO
not mainly stationary loading
LIT
YES
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Item
Description
Dimension
Default
T011
Shear stress limit 011

only for DIN10451988
MPa
T02

only for DIN10451988
for EC2 TRD input is possible
MPa
T03

Can be used for design of beamtype
structural members according to
DIN10451988.
MPa
AM3
Minimum reinforcement of pressed cross

sections (in percentage of the statically
required cross section)
Default: (see also CTRL WALL)
0.8
for DIN10451988
0.0
for DIN 10451,EC2,BS,ACI
and OENORM B4700
FC
FY
Effective concrete design strength

Steel yield limit
FC and FY can be changed up to 30%
from their default values.
MPa
MPa
*
*
TU0
TUGR
TRD
Shear design according to DIN 4227

Shear design not implemented yet
Base value of the shear strength EC2
MPa
MPa
MPa
*
*
*
SC1
SC2
SS1
SS2
Concrete material safety factor

Concrete material safety factor
Steel material safety factor
Steel material safety factor
SC1SS2 are preset depending on CTRL
REIN/ULTI and the code DIN/OENorm/
EC2/BS.
*
*
*
*
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Input of the material properties from the database:

The materials of the database are used as default, if they are concrete and
steel materials. They can be changed, however, by inputs in the record MAT.
In the normal case no record MAT is anymore necessary then and/or in the
record MAT CONC and STEE with " " may be input in order to use the
material data from the database.
BEMESS prints the concrete material number then as a material number
from the database, except for the user defines concrete and steel again or several records MAT are input. Then internal BEMESS numbers are defined for
the material and printed (for example "B1").
The input for K has no effect for disks (no shear forces).
For German DIN10451988 an input of the shear limits T011 is used as absolut shear limit without any modification. In this case an input for K is ineffective and a thicknessdependent modification of the shear limit does not occur.
MSTA controls the computational reduction of the shear stress in the shear
zone 3 for the shear design according to DIN10451988.
The input MATT03 is planned for the design of beams which were modelled
with thicker eccentric plate elements. A simultaneous T01 input is demanded
for a T03 input. In the shear zone 1 the minimum shear reinforcement is
calculated then for 0.4T0. If a point is in the shear zone 3, the warning occurs,
that the whole corresponding shear zone is considered with full shear consideration. If necessary, the design is to be repeated then for this zones with
TAU011=0 and TAU02=0! T03 is currently only effective according to
DIN10451988.
Variable concrete and steel stength:
r and s can be modified with MAT FC and MAT FY indenpendently to
CONC and STEE around up to 30 %. In this case the input of a EC2 concrete
corresponds to the input FC=25.5, because the analytical value of the
strength fc results from 0.85fck here.
Defaults of the safeties:
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DIN 10451 (REIN+ULTI)

DIN10451988 (REIN)
DIN10451988 (ULTI)
OENORM
(REIN+ULTI)
EC2
(REIN+ULTI)
British Standard
American ACI
SC1
SC2
SS1
SS2
1.50
1.75
1.00
1.50
1.50
1.50
1/0.9
1.50
2.10
1.00
1.50
1.50
1.50
1/0.7
1.15
1.75
1.00
1.15
1.15
1.05
1/0.9
1.15
2.10
1.00
1.15
1.15
1.05
1/0.7
FC+FY+TRD are always design strengths, T011+T02 are always service

strengths. Independent whether CTRL REIN or CTRL BRUC were input, the
MAT line remains identical!
During the failure shear design according to DIN10451988 the input and
printed T011+T02 are multiplied by 1.75/SC1 in an intern way and compared
then with the load shear stresses (SC1=material safety of concrete).
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See also:
3.8.
DIRE THRE MAT PARA
GEOM Input of the Cross

Section
Item
Description
GEOM
Dimension
Default
Plate thickness
Default: as available in the database
mm
HA
Centre distance of the upper outer reinforcement from the upper plate edge
mm
35
DHA
Centre distance of the upper transverse

or middle reinforcement from the main
reinforcement
mm
10
HB
Centre distance of the lower outer reinforcement from the lower plate edge
mm
HA
DHB
Centre distance of the lower transverse

reinforcement
mm
DHA
DDHA
Centre distance of the upper inner reinforcement from the middle reinforcement
mm
DHA
DDHB
Center distance of the lower inner reinforcement from the middle reinforcement
mm
DHB
HPRE
Limitation of the compression zone thickness
mm
The inputs for HA, DHA, HB, DHB, DDHA and DDHB have no effect for disk
structures.
This record remains effective until another record GEOM is input. More explanations are to be found in the description of the records DIRE and THRE.
Note
The design of orthotropic plates by BEMESS requires additional effort. A different thickness should be defined for each load case and each direction of the
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principal moments. In such cases BEMESS prints a warning; the user should
specify the thicknesses explicitly.
Geometry of the reinforced concrete cross section

The used compression zone thickness may be limited for the design of hollow
plates with the input possibility GEOM...HPRE. In this way the hollow plates
or the boubledeck plates can be calculated. However, a shear design does not
occur. The shear force has to be checked separately.
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See also:
3.9.
GEOM
GEO Input of the Cross

Section in cm
Item
Description
GEO
Dimension
Default
Plate thickness
Default: as available in the database
cm*
HA
Centre distance of the upper outer reinforcement from the upper plate edge
cm*
3.5
DHA
Centre distance of the upper transverse

reinforcement
cm*
HB
Centre distance of the lower outer reinforcement from the lower plate edge
cm*
HA
DHB
Centre distance of the lower transverse

reinforcement
cm*
DHA
DDHA
Centre distance of the upper inner reinforcement from the middle reinforcement
cm*
DHA
DDHB
Center distance of the lower inner reinforcement from the middle reinforcement
cm*
DHB
HPRE
Limitation of the compression zone thickness
cm*
* The input is done here in cm. For an input in mm and further explanations
> see record GEOM.
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See also:
3.10.
GEOM THRE MAT PARA
DIRE Definition of Orthogonal

Twocourse Reinforcement
Item
Description
UPP
LOW
TYPE
DIRE
Dimension
Default
Angle between the upper main reinforcement direction and the local x axis (between 0 and 180)
Angle between the lower main reinforcement direction and the local x axis (between 0 and 180)
degrees
degrees
Selection of the reinforcement direction

X or Y in the case of some load cases and
input 1 for UPP/LOW
LIT
FEST
m
m
m
FIX
The reinforcement direction, if it was determined once, remains the same for all
other load cases. This allows the determination of the maximum reinforcement for
all load cases together.
FREE
The reinforcement direction is determined separately for each load case. The
maximum reinforcement and the suggested reinforcement are not calculated.
X
Y
Z
Centre for a circular plate design

The angles defined with UPP and LOW
refer to the direction vector from the
input centre to the design point. The axis
is defined in the case of threedimensional structures.
An orthogonal steel mesh can be laid both at the upper (support reinforcement) than also at the lower side (span reinforcement). The direction of the
main reinforcement is specified and the transverse reinforcement is perpendicular to it. Clockwise angles are positive and they are defined in degrees.
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They are relative to the x axis of the local coordinate system, which is in the
case of plane problems identical with the global coordinate system. The location of the coordinate system in threedimensional cases can be defined in
GENF.
If UPP and LOW are input with the value 1, the main reinforcement direction is prescribed automatically in the x or the y direction depending on the
existing stress. TYPE controls in such case only whether this process is repeated for every load case (e.g. for recognition of the main stressing) or
whether a direction is retained, if it is selected for superposition purposes. An
automatic direction choice in main stress direction is not implemented.
If a value is input for UPP or LOW, the main reinforcement (the reinforcement position with the larger statical effective height) is laid in that direction,
even if the main stress is in another direction.
Any input for LOW is ignored in the case of disk structures; the reinforcement
directions are the same at both sides.
A special option allows the design of a circular mesh reinforcement by defining a reference circle centre and the items UPP/LOW equal to 0 or 90 degrees.
Then the radial or tangential reinforcement lies at the outer side.
In the case of threedimensional systems, Z=0 defines a Z axis through the
point X,Y. If Z is not equal to 0, then X=0 defines a X axis through Y,Z, and Y=0
a Y axis through X,Z. The tangential direction has priority against the radial
direction in the case of diagonally cut elements. At DIRE 0 0 the 2nd layer lies
then tangential, while the 1st layer can deviate perpendicularly to the radial
direction.
In the normal case of the spiral stair the input DIRE 0 0 0 0 0 is correct for
all elements. The stair links lie then as principal direction outside in radial
direction, the structural irons are tangential in the 2nd layer (with X=Y=0 =
spiral axis).
This record remains effective until another record DIRE (or THRE) is input.
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Geometry of the reinforcement layers for DIRE
Definition of a twolayer circular reinforcement
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See also:
3.11.
GEOM DIRE MAT PARA
THRE Definition of Skew 2

and 3course Reinforcement
Item
Description
ABEX
THRE
Dimension
Default
Angle between the upper outer reinforcement direction and the local x axis (between 0 and 180)
degrees
0.
ABMI
Angle between the upper middle reinforcement direction and the local x axis
(between 0 and 180)
degrees
90.
ABIN
Angle between the upper inner reinforcement direction and the local x axis (between 0 and 180)
degrees
BEEX
Angle between the lower outer reinforcement direction and the local x axis (between 0 and 180)
degrees
0.
BEMI
Angle between the lower middle reinforcement direction and the local x axis
(between 0 and 180)
degrees
90.
BEIN
Angle between the lower inner reinforcement direction and the local x axis (between 0 and 180)
degrees
The upper reinforcement mesh (support reinforcement) and the lower reinforcement mesh (span reinforcement) are selected independently of each
other; thus two and threecourse reinforcement is simultaneously possible.
An orthogonal twocourse reinforcement laid at both sides should be specified, however, by means of the record DIRE. The angles of the reinforcement
directions are defined in degrees and they are positive in the clockwise direction. They are relative to the x axis of the local coordinate system. The terms
main and transverse reinforcement in THRE are used analogously, e.g in reference to the percentage parameter MINC of the input record MAT.
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Any input for the parameters BEEX, BEMI and BEIN is ignored in the case
of disk structures. The reinforcement directions are the same at both sides.
The service load checks are not performed for skew two and three course
meshes.
This record remains effective until another THRE (or DIRE) record is input.
Geometry of the reinforcement layers for THRE
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See also:
GEOM DIRE THRE PUNC MREI
3.12.
PARA Design Parameter
Item
Description
NOG
NOEL
Group number
* no input: values for all groups
Element number
DU
DU2
DU3
PARA
Dimension
Default
Reinforcement diameter upper 1st layer

Reinforcement diameter upper 2nd layer
Reinforcement diameter upper 3rd layer
mm
mm
mm
10
DU
DU2
DL
DL2
DL3
Reinforcement diameter lower 1st layer

Reinforcement diameter lower 2nd layer
Reinforcement diameter lower 3rd layer
mm
mm
mm
DU
DL
DL2
WKU
WKU2
WKU3
Crack width upper 1st layer

Crack width upper 2nd layer
Crack width upper 3rd layer
mm
mm
mm
WKL
WKL2
WKL3
Crack width lower 1st layer

Crack width lower 2nd layer
Crack width lower 3rd layer
mm
mm
mm
SSU
SSU2
SSU3
Steel stress upper 1st layer

Steel stress upper 2nd layer
Steel stress upper 3rd layer
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
SSU
SSU2
SSL
SSL2
SSL3
Steel stress lower 1st layer

Steel stress lower 2nd layer
Steel stress lower 3rd layer
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
SSU
SSL
SSL2
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Item
Description
Dimension
Default
ASU
ASU2
ASU3
Minimum reinforcement upper 1st layer

Minimum reinforcement upper 2nd layer
Minimum reinforcement upper 3rd layer
Usage of minimum reinforcement
please refer to MREI PARA
cm@/m
cm@/m
cm@/m
ASL
ASL2
ASL3
Minimum reinforcement lower 1st layer

Minimum reinforcement lower 2nd layer
Minimum reinforcement lower 3rd layer
cm@/m
cm@/m
cm@/m
BSU
BSU2
BSU3
Maximum reinforcement upper 1st layer

Maximum reinforcement upper 2nd layer
Maximum reinforcement upper 3rd layer
cm@/m
cm@/m
cm@/m
BSL
BSL2
BSL3
Maximum reinforcement lower 1st layer

Maximum reinforcement lower 2nd layer
Maximum reinforcement lower 3rd layer
cm@/m
cm@/m
cm@/m
TYPE
Modification of individual design parameters

MOD overwrites only in this input
line defined values
The design parameter, for example the geometry with GEOM and the reinforcement direction with DIRE, had to be input up to now always again for
some BEMESS calculations in one input file. With the new concept the inputs
have to be defined only once for a separate BEMESS calculation. Then they
are available in the database for all following calculations. In this separate
BEMESS calculation all inputs from DIRE, THRE and GEOM (except for
GEOD) can be done. A following PARA input is necesary to define the group
or element selection. Only the design task and the elements which should be
designed have to be input in the other BEMESS calculations.
Manual inputs for PUNC are saved also in the database. They have to be defined only in one BEMESS input.
With PARA ... TYPE MOD only defined values of this input line are used for
special groups or elements. Previous global data to DIRE or GEOM are not
changed. Also defaults e.g. for DU2=DU are not set. All values that shall be
modified must be set! Usage e.g.:
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GEOM
PARA
GEOM
PARA
$
PARA
HA 25 DHA
NOG DU 10
HA 40 DHA
NOG 3 DL 20

10 HB 25 DHB 10
WKU 0.40
10 HB 40 DHB 10
WKL 0.30
NOEL 20710,20711 DU 16 DL 14 DL2 14 TYPE MOD
$
$
$
$
Exposition XC1
class F
Exposition XC4
class E
$ does not change du2 !
This type of input is only allowed in the ASCII input and is not supported via
the SSD reinforcement dialog.
Example: see bemess6_din1045_1.dat.
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See also:
ECHO CTRL LC PARA MREI
3.13.
PUNC Punching Design
Item
Description
TYPE
PUNC
Dimension
Default
Design mode punching type

NO
No punching design
CHEK only check punching (without
increasing reinforcement)
YES
Input for column nodes
(default)
COL
Input for columns
WALL Input for wall ends and wall
corners
FOUN Input for foundation slabs
No
Node number of the punching
node. HEAD OFF deactivates
node from punching
LIT
X
Y
Z
Coordinates of the punching node

Without input: Following parameters are
valid for all nodes of this punching type.
m
m
m
D
B
Column or wall thickness

Column width B = 0 defines a circular
column with the diameter D
m
m
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BEMESS
Item
Description
Dimension
Default
HEAD
Effective column head diameter

For rectangular enlarged column head
the diameter is to be converted correspondingly.
0
Flat slab
OFF
no punching check
DUEB Studrail: no increase
of longitudinal reinforcement;
no shear reinforcement: check
is to be performed by the user,
if necessary separately
m/LIT
DHEA
Total thickness in the zone of the enlarged column head
RO_V
Maximum bending reinforcement ratio

due to shear in the punching area
If a design without shear reinforcement
requires a higher bending reinforcement
than RO_V, it is changed to the check
with shear reinforcement. For EC2 and
BS this reinforcement ratio is used then
as bending reinforcement (see also CTRL
ro_v for normal slab region).
1.5
MREI
Minimum bending reinforcement ratio

for columns default:
0.5
for DIN10451988
0.
for all other codes
There are used minimum
bending moments
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Item
Description
LC_P
REIN
Dimension
Default
Maximum column load (foundation plate)

for the consideration of column loads acting on bedded foundation plates, only allowed for TYPE=FOUN
kN
Load case of the corresponding maximum

soil pressure (foundation plate)
The soil pressure inside the punching
circle dK reduces the maximum column
load P for the punching check, only allowed for TYPE=FOUN
(old name for RO_V but still active)
The punching check is performed with the maximum support reaction with
the load cases defined in LC. If no support reactions are found, also no punching check occurs. With PUNC node number HEAD OFF a node can be deselected from punching checks.
For systems which are loaded with single loads the punching force integration is activated, because these single loads result often from higher floors.
It is also possible to input the node number of a punching node for DUST
TYPE, e.g. DUST 518 D 0.30 for a circular column at the node 518.
The punching check at wall ends and wall corners can be deactivated with
PUNC WALL HEAD DUEB RO_V 0.0 for a later manual design (With RO_V
0.0 the program does not increase the reinforcement in no case.)
For simplification of the input it is possible to define PUNC CHEK instead
of PUNC HEAD DUEB.
The collapse reinforcement according to DIN10451, 13.3.2(12) is considered
automatically. In this case the reinforcement Ved/fyk is distributed at the effective column circumference. No collapse reinforcement is used at wall ends.
IF punching shear links are required for DIN 10451, the DUST...ro_v value
is no taken for the longitudinal reinforcement. As sometimes too high shear
reinforcement occurs, a negative input for MREI can be used only if shear reinforcement is necessary.
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BEMESS
See also:
3.14.
ECHO CTRL PUNC S
LC Selection of Design Load

Cases
Item
Description
NO
PERC
LC
Dimension
Default
Load case, for which a design is to be performed

or
Input of a design combination from program MAXIMA
AUTO
Normal design
BRUC
Ultimate limit state
DESI or (D)
Design combination
ACCI or (A)
Accidental com
bination
EARQ or (E)
Combination for
earthquake
PERM or (P)
Quasipermanent
combination
RARE or (R)
Rare combination
FREQ or (F)
Frequent comb.
NONF or (N)
Nonfrequent comb.
ULTI after superposition on ULS
level without actions
SERV after superposition on SLS
level without actions
Default: AUTO: selects all necessary
load cases for a normal design
AUTO
Factor of the permanent load for SLS

checks (not to be taken for stress range*)
100
AUTO selects all necessary load cases for a normal design and sets the design
task. In dependence of the load cases CTRL TYPE SERV or CTRL TYPE
ULTI is set (please also refer to CTRL GALF).
With LC DESI/ULTI the load cases which were superpositioned with program MAXIMA for the design with ultimate limit loads are selected automatically. For codes with actions, LC DESI has to be taken, for codes without
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actions, LC ULTI is more correct. Please check the selected load cases in the
BEMESS output.
Using LC ACCI/EARQ please check the material safety factors (see record
MAT).
The input of the load cases with maximum support reactions is also necessary
for punching checks.
Service load checks are reasonable only for load cases for which PERC is different from 0; in the case PERC equal to 0 they are carried out with a warning.
For stress range this input PERC is not possible then only 100 % are allowed
(refer to NSTR SIGS).
The input of PERC is possible for the service checks according to the EuroCode 2; however, this procedure is not described in the EC2 specifications.
The correct way is that the service load and limit load checks according to
EuroCode 2 for different load case combinations should be performed in two
separate design calculations:
First of all the statically required reinforcement for the limit load combination is calculated and saved in the database by means of CTRL
RMOD SAVE.
Then follows the service load checks; the computed reinforcement is
saved with the option CTRL RMOD SUPE.
The result of these two designs is then a reinforcement superposition which
fufills both checks; it is printed in the 2nd design calculation with ECHO RTAB
YES and it is of course available for graphical representations by means of
the program WING.
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See also:
3.15.
LC ELEM NODE
GRP Selection of Groups
Item
Description
NO
Group number
Default: all groups
GRP
Dimension
Default
Enviroment number for upper plate side

according to DIN10451988 or EC2
from 1 to 4
Default:
no crack width check according to
DIN10451988 table 14 or EC2 4.4.2.2
Enviroment number for lower plate side
(ineffective for disks)
Crack width according to DIN 10451

table 20 upper side
0.40, 0.30 or 0.20 mm
according to OENorm B 4700
0.30 or 0.15 mm
Default:
no crack width check according to
DIN 10451 table 20
table 20 lower side
(ineffective for disks)
N/mm2
N/mm2
The following items should be defined in

future in record PARA. See also the
example: bemess6.dat Building Construction Plate with Balcony
ENVA
ENVB
WKU
WKL
SIGU
SIGL
342
Steel stress for permanent loading at the

upper plate side
lower plate side
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All elements and nodes of the defined groups are used for the checks with the
record GRP. In this way GRP replaces the records ELEM and NODE.
With the input of an evironmental condition a crack width check occurs with
the bar diameter input in CRAC DDES according to DIN10451988 table
14 or EC2 4.4.2.2.
With the input of a crack width a crack width check occurs with the bar diameter input in CRAC DDES according to DIN 10451 table 20.
The steel stress for the permanent loading is limited with the input for SIBA
and SIGB (see record LC). In this way the check according to the tables for
the maximum values of the reinforcement bar distances may occur now for
all design codes.
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See also:
3.16.
LC CRAC GRP NODE
ELEM Selection of Elements
Item
Description
FROM
TO
INC
ELEM
Dimension
Default
Start element number

Default: Smallest saved element number
End element number

Increment
FROM
1

ENVA
ENVB

please refer to record GRP
WKA

table 20 upper side
table 20 lower side
N/mm2
N/mm2
WKB
SIGA
SIGB

upper plate side
lower plate side
A design or a stress analysis for the load case LC is carried out for all elements
from FROM to TO in increments of INC.
14 or EC2 4.4.2.2.
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all design codes.
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BEMESS
See also:
3.17.
LC GRP ELEM
NODE Selection of Nodes
Item
Description
FROM
NODE
Dimension
Default
Start node number

Default: Smallest saved node number
End node number
Increment
FROM
1
ENVA
ENVB

GROU
Node groups
Default: all groups
N/mm2
N/mm2
TO
INC

WKA
WKB
SIGA
SIGB

table 20 upper side
table 20 lower side
upper plate side
lower plate side
A design for the load case LC is carried out for all nodes from FROM to TO
in increments of INC.
14 or EC2 4.4.2.2.
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all design codes.
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BEMESS
See also:
3.18.
LC
S Input of External Forces

and Moments
Item
Description
NO
NO1
Element number
Additional number used for distinction of
several input records
MX
MY
MXY
VX
VY
NX
NY
NXY
Bending moment mxx

Bending moment myy
Bending moment mxy
Shear force vx
Shear force vy
Membrane force nxx
Membrane force nyy
Membrane force nxy
Dimension
Default
1
0
kNm/m
kNm/m
kNm/m
kN/m
kN/m
kN/m
kN/m
kN/m
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
For the input of external forces and moments the informations which are
saved in the database may be ignored possibly. This means that an element
thickness has to be input and that the shear reinforcement per element as
well as the reinforcement index can not be determined.
Results are not saved in the database!
External forces and moments are assigned to the load case 1; the results can
not be saved.
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See also:
3.19.
NSTR PUNC LC CTRL
ECHO Control of Output
Item
Description
OPT
A literal from the following list:

PARA Design parameter
REIN Design results
RTAB Reinforcement compilation
DMOM Internal forces of the design
EFOR External defined forces
INDX Steel index
PUNC Punching checks
SIGS Stress amplitude check or
concrete compressive stress in
serviceability limit state
STRE Stress determination with
CTRL STRE
NSTR Fatigue design
WARN Deactivation of the warnings
and error reports
FULL
VAL
ECHO
Dimension
Default
LIT
FULL
LIT
All above the options
Value of output option

NO
No output
YES
Regular output
FULL Extensive output
EXTR Extreme output
The default is activated without an user input:

SIGS
PARA+EFOR+PUNC+STRE+NSTR+WARN
REIN+RTAB+DMOM+INDX
FULL
YES
NO
The design results of all single load cases are output with ECHO REIN FULL.
For usage of materials from the data base the material number of the reinforcement MRF is printed too.
ECHO REIN EXTR supplies the applied lever arm of the inner forces.
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Only the elements that require a reinforcement increase from the stress amplitude check are printed with ECHO SIGS FULL. ECHO SIGS EXTR generates the maximum stresses of all load cases per element as well as the used
updated lever arms. Additionally it is possible to check the stress amplitudes
with ECHO SIGS EXTR. Only the maximum is output for ECHO SIGS YES.
All warnings and error reports are printed with ECHO WARN FULL and
with that they are not suppressed anymore from a specific number.
All warnings and error reports are printed with ECHO WARN YES (default).
With ECHO WARN No the warning or error report which is defined with the
number No is not output.
The meaning of the ECHO options is more explained in the chapter 4: Output
Description.
350
Version 11.61
BEMESS
Output Description.
The printout begins with an information about the used design code and for
which design state (ultimate limit state, serviceability limit state) the design
is done.
4.1.
Design Parameter
The design parameter are printed with ECHO PARA YES (default).
In the first table the load cases which are used for the design are printed for
check purposes:
Load Cases for the Design
Loadcase
Load case number with designation

(e.g. MAX / MIN) and title
If checks for serviceability were done, then the factor of the permanent acting
load in percent is printed in a table:
Load Cases with factors of dead load in per cent
LcNo
per cent
Load case number

Part of permanent acting load in %
The informations about the used material:

Material (design code)
Mat
fck [MPa]
fcr [MPa]
fyk [MPa]
ftk [MPa]
fctm [MPa]
N []
minQ []
type
Material number
Nominal strength of concrete
Computed strength of concrete
Yield stress of steel
Final strength of steel
Tensile strength of concrete
Ratio Es/Eb
Transverse reinforcement ratio
Type of loading
Materialsafetyfactors
Version 11.61
41
BEMESS
Mat
concr
SC1
SC2
steel
SS1
SS2

Material number
Safety coefficient concrete bending
Safety coefficient concrete compression
Safety coefficient reinforcing steel
Safety coefficient structural steel
The information about the geometry and about the elements which are designed are printed at the end:
Geometry (axial covers)
No
heupper [mm]
hmupper [mm]
hiupper [mm]
helower [mm]
hmlower [mm]
hilower [mm]
Elem. height
Group number of the elements

Centre distance of the upper outer
reinforcement from the upper plate edge
Centre distance of the upper transverse or
middle reinforcement (2nd layer) from the
upper plate edge
Centre distance of the upper inner
reinforcement (3rd layer) from the upper
plate edge
Centre distance of the lower outer
reinforcement from the lower plate edge
Centre distance of the lower transverse or
middle reinforcement (2nd layer) from the
lower plate edge
Centre distance of the lower inner
reinforcement (3rd layer) from the lower
plate edge
Element height
Reinforcement parameter two layer reinforcement

Selection
Grp No
ELEM No
bardistance
d1u [mm]
d1l [mm]
d2u [mm]
42
group number
element number
upper bar distance to the edge
lower bar distance to the edge
upper bar distance 2nd layer to the edge
Version 11.61

d2l [mm]
bardiameter
dsu [mm]
dsl [mm]
2.lay
ds2l [mm]
crackwidth
wku [mm]
wkl [mm]
2.lay
wk2l [mm]
steelstress
sigsu [MPa]
sigsl[MPa]
2.lay
sigs2l [MPa]
BEMESS
lower bar distance 2nd layer to the edge

upper bar diameter
lower bar diameter
lower bar diameter 2nd layer
upper crack width
lower crack width
lower crack width 2nd layer
upper steel stress
lower steel stress
lower steel stress 2nd layer
For three layer reinforcement this table is printed in analog mode.

A table of the control parameters is output for the serviceability checks:
Serviceability Limit State Control Parameters
No
Code
sigS
sigT
sigP
CHCK
CHKS
dNW [mm]
Service load check number

Design code
Stress amplitude of the longitudinal
reinforcement
Stress amplitude of the shear reinforcement
Stress amplitude of the prestressing steel
Factor for nominal strength of concrete (fck)
Factor for yield stress of steel (fyk)
Check diameter of the reinforcement bars for
the crack width check
The table of the selected elements is printed definitively for the design parameters:
Selection of elements
Group
Element
Version 11.61
43
BEMESS
Node
from
to
inc
GEOMETRY
LIVENo
crack width
upper [mm]
lower side [mm]
4.2.
First goup or element or node number

Last group or element or node number
Increment
Geometry number
or GEO
Number of the service load check
Permissible crack width upper side
Permissible crack width lower side
Design Results
The design results in the elements and nodes are printed as next one:
REINFORCEMENT ACC. TO design code in [cm2/m] upper/lower
General load safety factor as defined in BEMESS: Gammaf =
Shear: stresses VEd/d and VRd,ct/d with d=effective depth = hhm
Shear index 2m = minimum shear reinforcement
Group
ELEM No
NODE No
LC No
No1
MAT No
MBW
GEO No
h [m]
Reinforcement
main
cross
dir
dphi deg
44
Group number for node results

Element number or
Node number
Load case number or
Number from record S: external forces
Material number of concrete
Material number of reinforcement
Geometry number
Plate thickness
Main reinforcement: 1st value upper
2nd value lower
Transverse reinforc.: 1st value upper
2nd value lower
Direction:
1st value upper
2nd value lower
Angle between the main or outer reinforce
ment direction and the direction of the
maximum principal internal force (principal
Version 11.61
BEMESS

moment) in degree
Proposal on
reinforcement
Shr zon
VEd/d [MPa]
VRd,ct/d
ASS [cm2/m2]
Maximum
Shear zone
Design value of shear 1st value
Possible shear force
2nd value
Shear reinforcement per m2
describes the maximum reinforcement from
all single load cases
lever arm for upper reinforcm =
for lower = [m]
ECHO REIN controls which design results should be printed:

ECHO REIN NO
ECHO REIN YES
ECHO REIN FULL
ECHO BEME EXTR
no output
only output of the maximum values
additionally design results of all load cases
Lastflle
additionally lever arm for upper and lower
reinforcement, information about V_design,
VRD1 (design value of the sustainable shear
force without shear reinforcement),
VRD2 (design value of the sustainable shear
force with shear reinforcement)
and ro (longitudinal reinforcement ratio)
If the reinforcement is increased due to the serviceability checks, then the

table: LiveLoad Design Results according to ... is printout.
LiveLoad Design Results according to design code
Group
ELEM No
NODE No
LC No
x [m]
wk [mm]
Reinf. (stat.)
Asa
Version 11.61
Group number for node results

Element number or
Node number
Load case number with information
U upper and L lower
Compression zone height
Crack width
Outer reinforcement
45
BEMESS
Asm
Asi
diameter [mm]
da
dm
di
Reinforcmt req.
Asa
Asm
Asi
4.3.

Middle reinforcement (2nd layer)
Inner reinforcement (3rd layer)
Outer bar diameter
Middle bar diameter (2nd layer)
Inner bar diameter (3rd layer)
Increased outer reinforcement
Increased middle reinforcement (2nd layer)
Increased inner reinforcement (3rd layer)
Reinforcement List
A list of the the maximum reinforcement is output with ECHO RTAB YES
after the reinforcement analysis:
Maximum Reinforcement [cm2/m]
(stored in data base file with reinforcementdistributionno. No)
Element
Element number or
Node
Node number
Group
Group number (for nodes only)
upper:As
Upper longitudinal reinforcement
Ast
Upper transverse reinforcement
dir
Upper reinforcement direction
lower:As
Lower longitudinal reinforcement
Ast
Lower transverse reinforcement
dir
Lower reinforcement direction
Ass [cm2/m2]
Shear reinforcement
AssE [cm2]
Shear reinforcement (for elements only)
4.4.
Design Moments or Membrane Forces
The design internal moments are printed with an explicit input ECHO
DMOM YES:
Design Moments
in [kNm/m] upper / lower
+ signs the concrete stiffening moment (two course reinforcement
active)
+ signs design shear forces requiring shear reinforcement
* signs undesignable design moments/ membrane forces
46
Version 11.61

ElNo
LC
Ig
u:Dir1
Dir2
Dir3
l:Dir1
Dir2
Dir3
Vmax
BEMESS
Element or node number

Load case number
Upper first layer
Upper second layer
Upper third layer
Lower first layer
Lower second layer
Lower third layer
Shear stress in MPa
Design Membrane Forces in [kN/m]

upper / lower
+ signs the concrete stiffening force (two course reinforcement active)
ELEM
No1
Ig
u:Dir1
Dir2
Dir3
l:Dir1
Dir2
Dir3
Vmax
4.5.
Element number
Number NO1 from record S
Upper first layer
Upper second layer
Upper third layer
Lower first layer
Lower second layer
Lower third layer
Shear stress in MPa
External Defined Forces and Moments
If external forces and moments were defined with the record S, then these are
output with ECHO EFOR YES (default):
Shell Forces and Moments
ELNo
No1
mxx [kNm/m]
myy [kNm/m]
mxy [kNm/m]
vx [kN/m]
vy [kN/m]
Version 11.61
Element number
further number
Bending moment mxx
Bending moment myy
Bending moment mxy
Shear force vx
Shear force vy
47
BEMESS
nxx [kN/m]
nyy [kN/m]
nxy [kN/m]
4.6.

Membrane force nxx
Membrane force nyy
Membrane force nxy
Punching Check
Only a summary of the punching checks is output with ECHO PUNC YES
(default):
Punching Design (design code)
CONCLUSION
NodeNo
Typ
X [m]
Y [m]
VULS [kN]
dcol [m]
ucrit [m]
=%u0 [o/o]
vmax [MPa]
AssSum [cm2]
ast [cm2/m]
nperi
Node number
Member type for punching check:
I
inner column
E edge colum
C corner column
F foundation
W wall end
L wall corner
G girder end
Coordinates of the node
Maximum shear force
Column diameter
Effective length of the 1st perimeter,
reduced due to openings and edges
Reduction factor due to openeingsand free
edges = u0/(u0tot)
Shear stress
Shear reinforcement, total sum of all
perimeters
Minimum required bending reinforcement
in punching zone
Perimeter till where shear reinforcement is
necessary
The extensive output is printed with ECHO PUNC FULL , e.g. for a wall end:
Node number
=
48
X=
[m]
Y=
[m]
Version 11.61

Max. shear force VULS=
[kN]
LC=
End of wall
b=
[m]
d=
[m]
Plate thickness hslab=
[m]
depth
[m]
1. perimeter at 1.5*d=
[m]
utot=
[m]
ucrit=
(u= 31 % of utot due to openings, edges or walls)
Tension reinfor. as >=
[cm2/m] mue=
[o/o] VRdct
VEd = 1.40*V/ucrit =
[kN/m]
<=
[kN/m] =Vrdct
BEMESS
[m]
[kN/m]
and for a edge column:

Node number
=
X=
[m]
Y=
[m]
Max. shear force VULS=
[kN]
LC=
Column size
b=
[m]
d=
[m]
Plate thickness hslab=
[m]
depth
[m]
1. perimeter at 1.5*d=
[m]
utot=
[m]
ucrit=
[m]
(u=
% of utot due to openings, edges or walls> edge column)
Min.reinforc. asupper=
[cm2/m] (Min.designmoment> edge column)
Min.reinforc aslower=
[cm2/m] (Min.designmoment> edge column)
Min.reinforc aslower=
[cm2/m] (collapsreinforcement VULS/fyk)
Tension reinfor. as >=
[cm2/m] mue=
[o/o] VRdct
[kN/m]
VEd = 1.40*V/ucrit =
[kN/m]
>
[kN/m] = VRd,max
The minimum necessary bending reinforcement is output additionally to the

extensive output with ECHO PUNC EXTR.
4.7.
Fatigue and Stress Amplitude Check
The results of the fatigue and/or stress amplitude check for the elements
and/or nodes with the maximum values are printed with ECHO NSTR YES
(default) or ECHO SIGS FULL (default, additionally to ECHO NSTR):
Stell stress, concrete pressure, stress range
Group
E=ELEM
N=NODE
Stress range on top
Asa [MPa]
Asm [MPa]
Asi [MPa]
Stress range bottom
Asa [MPa]
Version 11.61
Group number, only for nodes

Element number
Node number
Stress range of outer reinforcement on top
Stress range of middle reinforcement on top
Stress range of the inner reinforcement on top
Stress range of outer reinforcement bottom
49
BEMESS
Asm [MPa]
Asi [MPa]
links
Ass [MPa]
cocnre
sigc [MPa]
steel
sigmax [MPa]
Stress range of middle reinforcement bottom

Stress range of inner reinforcement bottom
Stress range of links
Concrete stress
Maximum steel stress
The results of the fatigue or stress amplitude check for all elements and nodes
are output additionally with ECHO NSTR EXTR or ECHO SIGS EXTR (additionally to ECHO NSTR). Furthermore the tensile stress, the lever arm
and/or the zeroline position are printed for all elements and nodes in dependence on the reinforcement layer (on top / bottom) and the load cases and finally the stress ranges for the reinforcement within the table of the reinforcement (see subchapter: Design Results) .
ELEM No
ELEM No
NODE No
NODE No
" as=
4.8.
bottom lay. No
top
lay. No
bottom lay. No
top
lay. No
.. [cm2/m] :
Loadcase No tensile stress

stress range from ... to
...
...
...
...
...
N/mm2 leverarm
N/mm2 zeroline
N/mm2 leverarm
N/mm2 zeroline
=
... N/mm2
= ...m
outside
= ... m
outside
Stress Determination
If the element stresses were calculated with CTRL STRE, then these stresses
are output with ECHO STRE EXTR:
Shell Stresses
ELEM No
Loadcase
T [m]
sigx [MPa]
sigy [MPa]
sigxy [MPa]
sigI [MPa]
sigII [MPa]
alpha [grad]
tau [MPa]
410
upper/lower
Element number
Load case number
Element thickness
Element stresses
Principal stresses
Angle of the principal stress sigI
Shear stress
Version 11.61
BEMESS

Shell Stresses at nodes
upper/lower
Group
Group number
NODE No
Node number
and the output values as for elements
The maximum and minimum values are printed as summary at the end of the
table.
Only the maximum and minimum values are output with ECHO NSTR YES
(default) or FULL.
4.9.
Reinforcement Index
el Index
An overview about the total amount of reinforcement is printed with the explicit input ECHO INDX YES:
Reinforcement index:
Version 11.61
. . . (Upper)
. . . (Lower)
. . . (Shear)
411
BEMESS

412
Version 11.61
Examples
5.1.
Bending Design.
BEMESS
A simple reinforcement plate should be designed according to German DIN

10451. For this purpose a definition of the materials and the beddings occurs
first with the program AQUA and then the generation of the structure follows
with the program GENF. The input reads as follows:
PROG
HEAD
NORM
CONC
CONC
CONC
STEE
STEE
STEE
END
AQUA
PLATE IN GROUND WATER
DIN 10451
1 C
30 ; BMAT 1 C 4000.
2 C
30 ; BMAT 2 C 5000.
3 C
30 ; BMAT 3 C 5000.
11 BST 500SA TITL Reinforcement bars
12 BST 500MA TITL mesh reinforcement
13 BST 500SB TITL bar reinforcement high ductile
PROG GENF
HEAD PLATE IN GROUND WATER
PAGE 1
SYST GIRD
$
NODE ( 1 3 1)
(0.0 0.50) 0.0
NODE ( 4 8 1)
(1.75 0.75) 0.0
NODE (9 10 1)
(5.25 0.50) 0.0
NODE (11 13 1)
(6.75 1.00) 0.0
NODE 14
9.0
0.0
NODE (15 17 1)
(9.50 0.50) 0.0
NODE 21
0.0
0.5
NODE 41
0.0
0.95
NODE 61
0.0
1.5
NODE 81
0.0
2.0
NODE (101 161 20) 0.0
(3.0 1.0)
NODE 181
0.0
6.45
NODE 197
10.5
6.45
$
GRP 0 T .4
IMES 1 17 1
181 20
MNO 1
$ NEGATIVE NODENUMBERS REDEFINITION FROM MNO
QUAD ( 1 16 1) MNO 2
QUAD (21 36 1) MNO 2
QUAD (41 56 1) MNO 2
Version 11.61
51
BEMESS
QUAD
QUAD
QUAD
$
SPRI
SPRI
SPRI
$
END
(61 76 1)
(94 154 20)
(95 155 20)
22
29
36

MNO 2
MNO 3
MNO 3
22 DZ 1 CP 40000.
29 ==
36 ==
Then the loads of the single load cases are defined with the program SOFILOAD. The input for the program SEPP which calculates the internal forces
and moments is very simple. Only the load case numbers have to be input
with the record LC.
PROG SOFILOAD
HEAD Loads
ECHO FULL EXTR
LC
1
DLZ 1.0
QUAD 41 176
1 PG 40.0
QUAD 28
29
1 PG (180+140+40+50)/(0.5*1.0)
NODE 49
MYY 40*1.60
LINE QGRP 0 TYPE MXX P1 13.4 X1 0
Y1 0.95
P2 13.4 X2 10.5 Y2 0.95
LINE QGRP 0 TYPE MXX P1 +13.4 X1 0
Y1 6.45
P2 +13.4 X2 10.5 Y2 6.45
LINE QGRP 0 TYPE MYY P1 13.4 X1 0
Y1 0.95
P2 13.4 X2 0
Y2 6.45
LINE QGRP 0 TYPE MYY P1 +13.4 X1 10.5 Y1 0.95
P2 +13.5 X2 10.5 Y2 6.45
$
LC
2
DLZ 1.0
QUAD 41 176
1 PG 40.0
QUAD 28
29
1 PG (180+140+40+50)/(0.5*1.0)
END
$ GROUND FLOOR PLATE

$ LOAD FROM COLUMN S34
$ FROM HWX COLUMN S34
$$
$$
$$
$$
$ GROUND FLOOR PLATE

$ LOAD FROM COLUMN S34
PROG SEPP
HEAD
ECHO DISP,REAC,FORC,NOST,BEDD NO
LC 1,2
END
The input for a pure bending design is usually very easy. In the following
example only the centre distances of the concrete covers, the selection of the
design load cases and the selection of the elements are defined. If the record
ELEM is omitted, all elements are calculated in the centre of gravity and in
the element nodes.
52
Version 11.61
BEMESS

PROG BEMESS
HEAD Design of all Elements and Nodes
ECHO PARA,REIN,PUNC full
40 10 40 10 $ mm
GEOM
LC
1,2
END
The output looks as follows:

Design according to DIN10451
Loadcases have been calculated in the Serviceability State
General load safety factor as defined in BEMESS: Gammaf = 1.45
Loadcase
Loadcase
1
2
DLZ= 1.00 sum_PZ=3356.3

DLZ= 1.00 sum_PZ=3356.2
Material (DIN10451)
Mat
fck
fcr
fyk
[MPa] [MPa] [MPa]
1
30.0
25.5
2
30.0
25.5
3
30.0
25.5
11
500.0
+ Bedding stresses for punching design

ftk Param. fctm

N minQ type
[MPa] [MPa] [] []
2.896 6.3 0.20 mainly static
525.0
Reduction of FC in case of transvers tension = 25.0 [o/o]

Materialsafetyfactors:
Mat
concr SC1
SC2
1
1.50 1.50
2
1.50 1.50
3
1.50 1.50
11
steel SS1
SS2
1.15
1.15
For punching design, the longitudinal reinforcement will be increased up to

1.50%
to avoid shear erinforcement [input PUNC...RO_V].
Outside the punching area, the normal slab shear design may increase the,
longitudinal reinforcement up to 0.20% [input CTRL...RO_V].
No heupper hiupper helower hilower Elem. height
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[m]
1
40
50
40
50
0.400
Group from
to
inc GEOMETRY
Version 11.61
53
BEMESS
all
Reinforcement is saved in the data base file

Number of stored reinforcementdistribution:
After the list of the punching checks which are explained more in example 3
the list of the bending design follows with the output of the design results in
the elements.
REINFORCEMENT ACC. TO DIN10451 in [cm2/m]
upper/lower
ELEM
LC MAT GEO
h Reinforcement
dphi Shr VEd/d
Ass
No
No No No [m] main cross dir deg zon [MPa] [cm2/m2]
MBW
VRd,ct/d
1
1
2
1 0.40 10.30 10.30
0
45
1 0.504
11
6.05 6.05
0
0
0.504
2
2
1 0.40 10.30 10.30
0
43
1 0.504
11
6.05 6.05
0
0
0.504
maximum
10.30 10.30
0
1 0.504
11
6.05 6.05
0
0.504
2
1
2
1 0.40 10.30 10.30
0
45
1 0.504
11
6.05 6.05
0
45
0.504
2
2
1 0.40 10.30 10.30
0
40
1 0.504
11
6.05 6.05
0
50
0.504
maximum
10.30 10.30
0
1 0.504
11
6.05 6.05
0
0.504
3
1
2
1 0.40 10.30 10.30
0
58
1 0.264
11
6.05 6.05
0
32
0.302
2
2
1 0.40 10.30 10.30
0
52
1 0.271
11
6.05 6.05
0
38
0.302
maximum
10.30 10.30
0
1 0.271
11
6.05 6.05
0
0.302
. . .
174
175
54
1
11
2
1
11
maximum
11
1
1
11
2
1
11
maximum
1 0.40
1 0.40
1.70
0.01
0.67
0.01
1.70
1.50
0.04
0.28
0.04
1.50
1 0.40
1 0.40
1.49
0.01
0.38
0.01
1.46
0.03
0.24
0.03
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
30
67
23
1
1
1
38
57
33
1
1
0.015
0.195
0.010
0.192
0.015
0.195
0.015
0.189
0.012
0.188
0.015
Version 11.61
BEMESS
176
11
1
1
11
2
1
11
maximum
11
1.49
1.46
1.31
1.40
0.13
0.18
1.31
1.40
1 0.40
1 0.40
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
55
1
53
1
0.189
0.010
0.186
0.010
0.186
0.010
0.186
The table of the design results in the nodes is output then:

at nodes
upper/lower
Group
0
NODE
LC MAT GEO
h Reinforcement
dphi Shr VEd/d
Ass
No
MBW
VRd,ct/d
1
1
2
1 0.40 10.30 10.30
0
45
1 0.504
11
6.05 6.05
0
45
0.504
2
2
1 0.40 10.30 10.30
0
45
1 0.504
11
6.05 6.05
0
45
0.504
maximum
10.30 10.30
0
1 0.504
11
6.05 6.05
0
0.504
2
1
2
1 0.40 10.30 10.30
0
29
1 0.504
11
6.05 6.05
0
0
0.504
2
2
1 0.40 10.30 10.30
0
27
1 0.504
11
6.05 6.05
0
0
0.504
maximum
10.30 10.30
0
1 0.504
11
6.05 6.05
0
0.504
3
1
2
1 0.40 10.30 10.30
0
46
1 0.504
11
6.05 6.05
0
44
0.504
2
2
1 0.40 10.30 10.30
0
39
1 0.504
11
6.05 6.05
0
51
0.504
maximum
10.30 10.30
0
1 0.504
11
6.05 6.05
0
0.504
. . .
195
196
2
11
2
2
11
maximum
11
1
2
11
2
2
11
1 0.40
1 0.40
1.60
0.01
0.52
0.01
1.60
1.43
0.07
0.20
0.07
1.43
1.43
1.38
0.02
0.16
1 0.40
1 0.40
Version 11.61
0.28
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
29
67
23
1
1
1
33
60
30
0.015
0.191
0.011
0.188
0.015
0.191
0.012
0.185
0.011
0.184
55
BEMESS
197
maximum
11
1
2
11
2
2
11
maximum
11
1.43
0.02
1.38
1 0.40
1.32
1.35
1 0.40
0.13
1.32
0.13
1.35
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
42
1
44
1
0.012
0.185
0.010
0.184
0.010
0.184
0.010
0.184
Explanations shear state Shr zon:

1 = check without necessary shear reinforcement
2 = shear reinforcement required
m = minimum shear reinforcement
Acc. DIN 10451 10.3.4(2) the leverarm z was limited to d2*nomc.
In punching shear state "1d" the longitudinal reinf. was increased due to shear
At punchingnodes the bending moments have been reduced (rounded)
At columnnodes the slabthickness for bendingdesign has been increased
with 1:3 starting at the columnedge (not at wall punching nodes)
The lists of the compiled necessary reinforcement follow at least:

(stored in data base file with reinforcementdistributionno. 1)
Element upper:As
Ast
dir lower:As
Ast
dir Ass[cm2/m2] AssE[cm2]
1
10.30 10.30
0
6.05 6.05
0
2
10.30 10.30
0
6.05 6.05
0
3
10.30 10.30
0
6.05 6.05
0
. . .
174
175
176
0.01
0.01
0.04
0.03
0
0
0
1.70
1.49
1.31
1.50
1.46
1.40
0
0
0

Node Group upper:As
Ast
dir lower:As
Ast
dir Ass[cm2/m2]
1
0
10.30 10.30
0
6.05 6.05
0
2
0
10.30 10.30
0
6.05 6.05
0
3
0
10.30 10.30
0
6.05 6.05
0
. . .
195
196
197
56
0
0
0
0.01
0.07
0.02
0
0
0
1.60
1.43
1.32
1.43
1.38
1.35
0
0
0
Version 11.61
BEMESS
The first load case 1 defines the direction of the reinforcement. The main reinforcement is placed always here in Y direction. The load case 2 uses then the
chosen direction. Usually the reinforcement direction and the definition of
the external layer is prescribed firmly with the input RICH 0 0 (default).
Only the maximum of the reinforcement determination from the load cases
1 and 2 is printed as the default. A shear reinforcement is not necessary in
this example.
As example for the graphical output the pictures of the upper and lower reinforcement in the elements are printed subsequently:
Upper einforcement in elements design case 1
Lower reinforcement in elements design case 1
Version 11.61
57
BEMESS
5.2.
Design with Service Load Checks.
The first example of a pure bending design is expanded now by the service
load checks. They occur according to DIN10451 together with the check of
the compliance of the compression zone thickness.
PROG BEMESS
HEAD PLATE IN GROUND WATER Design with crack control German DIN10451
HEAD Design of all Elements and Nodes
ECHO REIN FULL
CRAC XMIN 5 DDES 16 WK TAB
GEOM
40 10 40 10 $ mm
LC
1,2 PERC 100
GRP WKU 0.3 WKL 0.3 $ Check according to table
END
With the input CRAC XMIN 5" the check of the minimum compression zone
height is requested, here 5 cm. The input WK TAB for CRAC causes that the
crack width check occurs according to table. The crack width check according
to table uses the following inputs:
bar diameter 16 mm with the input CRAC ... DDES 16
factor of the permanent load with the input LC ... PERC 100
crack widths with the input GRP ... WKU 0.3 WKL 0.3
The list of the input data follows:
Loadcases have been calculated in the Serviceability State
Loadcase
Loadcase
1
2
DLZ= 1.00 sum_PZ=3356.3

DLZ= 1.00 sum_PZ=3356.2

Load Cases with factors of dead load in per cent

LcNo per cent LcNo per cent LcNo per cent LcNo per cent LcNo per cent
1 100.0
2 100.0
Material (DIN10451)
Mat
fck
fcr
fyk
[MPa] [MPa] [MPa]
1
30.0
25.5
2
30.0
25.5
58
ftk Param. fctm

N minQ type
[MPa] [MPa] [] []
Version 11.61
BEMESS
3
30.0
25.5
11
500.0 525.0
A robustness minimum reinforcement has not been requested [MREI] and
has to be checked separately.
A minimum reinforcement has not been requested [MREI] and
has to be checked separately.
Mat
concr SC1
SC2
1
1.50 1.50
2
1.50 1.50
3
1.50 1.50
11
steel SS1
SS2
1.15
1.15

1.50%
No heupper hiupper helower hilower Elem. height
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[m]
1
40
50
40
50
0.400
SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE CONTROL PARAMETERS
No Code xmin[cm] dNW[mm]
1 EDIN
5.0
16.0 diameter check acc. DIN 10451 Tab. 28
Group from
to
inc GEO LIVENo
all
1
1
crack width upper lower side [mm]

0.30 0.30
Reinforcement is saved in the data base file

Number of stored reinforcementdistribution:
The output organizes in 4 tables:

Punching checks are explained more in example 3
Results of the bending and shear design
The output occurs load in form of the single load cases (ECHO REIN
FULL). Except for the maximum values the design results of the single
load cases are printed. The output lines contain an indication of the ser-
Version 11.61
59
BEMESS
vice load checks. The literals appearing under Crackcheck indicate

which requested check without increase of the reinforcement was used.
Results of the service load checks for the design points at which one of
these checks shows a reinforcement increase
Compilation of the design results for the designer
The table includes the maximum values of the requested reinforcement due to the design and the service load checks.
upper/lower
ELEM
LC MAT GEO
h Reinforcement
dphi Df Load Crack
Shr VEd/d
No
No No No [m] main cross dir deg No fact check
zon [MPa]
MBW
VRd,ct/d
1
1
2
1 0.40 10.30 10.30
0
45 1 1.00 **** GRZD 1 0.504
11
6.05 6.05
0
0
0.504
2
2
1 0.40 10.30 10.30
0
43 1 1.00 **** GRZD 1 0.504
11
6.05 6.05
0
0
0.504
maximum
10.30 10.30
0
1 0.504
11
6.05 6.05
0
0.504
2
1
2
1 0.40 10.30 10.30
0
45 1 1.00 **** GRZD 1 0.504
11
6.05 6.05
0
45
**** GRZD
0.504
2
2
1 0.40 10.30 10.30
0
40 1 1.00 **** GRZD 1 0.504
11
6.05 6.05
0
50
**** GRZD
0.504
maximum
10.30 10.30
0
1 0.504
11
6.05 6.05
0
0.504
3
1
2
1 0.40 10.30 10.30
0
58 1 1.00 **** GRZD 1 0.264
11
6.05 6.05
0
32
**** GRZD
0.302
2
2
1 0.40 10.30 10.30
0
52 1 1.00 XMIN GRZD 1 0.271
11
6.05 6.05
0
38
**** GRZD
0.302
maximum
10.30 10.30
0
1 0.271
11
6.05 6.05
0
0.302
4
1
2
1 0.40 0.11 0.53
0
66 1 1.00 **** GRZD 1 0.219
11
4.10 1.64
0
24
**** GRZD
0.264
2
2
1 0.40 0.17 0.84
0
61 1 1.00 **** GRZD 1 0.224
11
3.56 1.72
0
29
**** GRZD
0.264
maximum
0.17 0.84
0
1 0.224
11
4.10 1.72
0
0.264
5
1
2
1 0.40 0.02 0.08
0
73 1 1.00 **** GRZD 1 0.186
11
4.84 1.46
0
17
**** GRZD
0.278
2
2
1 0.40 0.05 0.23
0
69 1 1.00 **** GRZD 1 0.189
11
4.24 1.52
0
21
**** GRZD
0.278
maximum
0.05 0.23
0
1 0.189
11
4.84 1.52
0
0.278
6
1
2
1 0.40
0
1 1.00
1 0.165
510
Version 11.61
BEMESS
11
2
2
11
maximum
11
1
2
11
2
2
11
maximum
11
5.51
1.10
4.80
1.18
5.51
4.08
6.53
4.08
5.55
4.08
6.53
1.18
4.08
2.03
4.08
2.03
4.08
2.03
1.70
0.01
0.67
0.01
1.70
1.50
0.04
0.28
0.04
1.50
1.49
0.01
0.38
0.01
1.49
1.46
0.03
0.24
0.03
1.46
1.31
1.40
0.13
0.18
1.31
1.40
1 0.40
1 0.40
1 0.40
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
****
1 1.00
12
**** GRZD
1
0
1
0
3
1 1.00
1
****
1 1.00
1
****
1
0.288
0.162
0.288
0.165
0.288
0.160
0.263
0.149
0.276
0.160
0.276
. . .
174
175
176
1
11
2
1
11
maximum
11
1
1
11
2
1
11
maximum
11
1
1
11
2
1
11
maximum
11
1 0.40
1 0.40
1 0.40
1 0.40
1 0.40
1 0.40
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
30
67
23
1 1.00
**** GRZD
1 1.00 **** GRZD
**** GRZD
1
1
38
57
33
1 1.00
**** GRZD
1 1.00 **** GRZD
**** GRZD
1
1
1 1.00
**** GRZD
1 1.00
53
LIVELOAD DESIGN RESULTS ACCORDING TO DIN 10451

ELEM LC
x
wk Reinf.(stat.)
diameter [mm]
No No
[m] [mm] Asa Asm Asi
da
dm
di
1
1 U 0.03>0.3 1.65 1.71
16
16
16
2 U 0.03>0.3 1.93 1.87
16
16
16
2
1 L 0.01>0.3 0.27 0.25
16
16
16
U 0.03>0.3 1.59 1.67
16
16
16
2 L 0.01>0.3 0.06 0.29
16
16
16
U 0.03>0.3 2.16 1.82
16
16
16
3
1 L 0.03>0.3 2.69 1.43
16
16
16
U 0.02>0.3 0.28 1.38
16
16
16
2 L 0.05>0.3 2.22 1.53
16
16
16
4
1 L 0.04>0.3 4.10 1.64
16
16
16
U 0.01>0.3 0.11 0.53
16
16
16
Version 11.61
55
1
**** GRZD
1
0.015
0.195
0.010
0.192
0.015
0.195
0.015
0.189
0.012
0.188
0.015
0.189
0.010
0.186
0.010
0.186
0.010
0.186
Reinforcmt req.
Asa
Asm
Asi
6.58 6.58
6.58 6.58
6.58 6.58
6.58 6.58
6.58 6.58
6.58 6.58
6.58 6.58
6.58 6.58
6.58 6.58
6.58 6.58
6.58 6.58
511
BEMESS
2 L
U
1 L
U
2 L
U
1 L
2 L
1 L
2 L
6
7
0.04>0.3
0.02>0.3
0.04>0.3
0.01>0.3
0.04>0.3
0.01>0.3
0.02>0.3
0.02>0.3
0.02>0.3
0.03>0.3
3.56
0.17
4.84
0.02
4.24
0.05
5.51
4.80
6.53
5.55
1.72
0.84
1.46
0.08
1.52
0.23
1.10
1.18
1.31
1.11
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
6.58
6.58
6.58
6.58
6.58
6.58
6.98
6.58
8.28
7.04
6.58
6.58
6.58
6.58
6.58
6.58
6.58
6.58
6.58
6.58
1.70
0.67
0.01
1.49
0.38
0.01
1.31
0.13
1.50
0.28
0.04
1.46
0.24
0.03
1.40
0.18
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
6.58
6.58
6.58
6.58
6.58
6.58
6.58
6.58
6.58
6.58
6.58
6.58
6.58
6.58
6.58
6.58
. . .
174
1 L 0.03>0.3
2 L 0.03>0.3
U 0.00>0.3
1 L 0.02>0.3
2 L 0.02>0.3
U 0.00>0.3
1 L 0.02>0.3
2 L 0.02>0.3
175
176
Reinforcement has been increased by liveload design

Element upper:As
Ast
dir lower:As
Ast
1
10.30 10.30
0
6.05 6.05
0
2
10.30 10.30
0
6.58 6.58
0
3
10.30 10.30
0
6.58 6.58
0
4
6.58 6.58
0
6.58 6.58
0
5
6.58 6.58
0
6.58 6.58
0
6
0
6.98 6.58
0
7
4.08 4.08
0
8.28 6.58
0
. . .
174
175
176
6.58
6.58
6.58
6.58
0
0
0
6.58
6.58
6.58
6.58
6.58
6.58
0
0
0
Explanations:
For element 5 LC 1 at the lower side (ELEM 5 LC 1 L) the compression zone
512
Version 11.61
BEMESS
thickness with the reinforcement Asa=4.84 cm2/m from the bending design
is 4 cm (x=.04 m first line of the table LIVELOAD DESIGN ACCORDING
TO DIN 10451"). With that the compression zone thickness is smaller than
the necessary thickness of 5 cm. Thus the check of the compression zone
thickness is decisive. The reinforcement is increased for so long until the
necessary thickness is reached. 6.58 cm2/m results here.
For ELEM 6 LC 1 L the available compression zone thickness after the bending design is only 2 cm (x=.02m). It is also smaller than the required thickness
of 5 cm. A necessary reinforcement from the check of the compression zone
thickness would be only 6.58 cm2/m. The determinant reinforcement of as=
6.98 cm2/m results here from the crack width check with the limit bar diameter of 16 cm.
For ELEM 7 LC 1 L the necessary reinforcement of 8.28 cm2/m results also
from the crack width check with the limit bar diameter of 16 cm. The bending
design showed only 6.53 cm2/m.
In ELEM 5 LC 1 U the difference is especially large between the reinforcement
from the bending design (0.02 cm2/m in principal direction, 0.08 cm2/m in
tranverse direction) and the identified necessary reinforcement according to
the service load checks (6.58 cm2/m). This results from an only very small
available compressive stress in the compression zone. A compression zone
thickness of 5 cm is attainable only with a very small steel strain and with
that a very small steel stress. A minimum reinforcement of 6.58 cm2/m results for a minimum compression zone thickness of 5 cm from reasons of the
equilibrium.
Version 11.61
513
BEMESS
5.3.
Building Construction Plate.
This example is used for the explanation of punching checks at single columns
according to DIN10451. For this purpose a building construction plate supported on 5 columns and external walls is supposed to be calculated for the
ultimate limit state. The figure shows the deformations and edge support reactions of the load case dead weight (the walls are supported elastically).
Building construction plate

In the following figure the element mesh of the columns is enlarges represented. The four innermost small QUAD elements of the inside columns are
identically here above the column. At the edge columns only the upper half
of the support area with two small QUADs was defined for the sake of
simplicity the lower half of the support area is not represented exactly and
is not to be recognized in the picture. The real column dimension is quadratic
at the edge as well as at the inside columns. Thus the edge columns stand in
a flush way at the plate edge. The support nodes are marked with a small
cross.
514
Version 11.61
BEMESS
Element mesh of the plate and columns

The materials were defined with the program AQUA and the system was generated with the program GENF. The load input occurred with the program
SOFILOAD. A dead weight load as well as two fieldbyfield imposed load
caseswere calculated. In the program MAXIMA the extreme bending moments and shear forces were saved in the load cases 2101 to 2110 as well as
the maximum support reactions in the load cases 2155 and 2156 for the ultimate limit state:
PROG MAXIMA
HEAD Superposition ULS Ultimate Limit State
ECHO FULL NO ; ECHO TABS YES
COMB 1 desi BASE 2100
ACT G
GAMU 1.35 1.0 PSI0 1.0 1.0 1.0
LC 1 G
ACT Q_B GAMU 1.50 0.0 PSI0 0.7 0.5 0.3 $ Category B offices
LC 2,3 Q
SUPP 1 EXTR mami ETYP qua* TYPE m
titl ULS_QUAD
SUPP 1 EXTR mami ETYP qua* TYPE vx,vy titl ULS_QUAD
SUPP 1 EXTR mami ETYP NODE TYPE pz
titl ULS_NODE
END
For the design these load cases have to be indicated now. With CTRL ULTI
it was defined additionally, that the internal forces to be used are already the
ultimate internal forces. The load safety factors were considered already in
these internal forces. In addition the column dimensions 4040 cm were input
globally with the record PUNC in this example:
Version 11.61
515
BEMESS
PROG
HEAD
ECHO
CTRL
BEMESS
Design inclusive Punching Checks
FULL NO ; ECHO PARA,PUNC FULL
ULTI
$ The internal forces and moments contain
$ already the load load safety factors.
LC
AUTO
$ selects all necessary load cases of the MAXIMA
$ ULSSuperposition
$ please check the selected load cases in the result
$ file
PUNC D 0.40 B 0.40
GEOM
30 10 30 10 $ mm
DIRE 0 0
END
Due to the input ECHO PUNC FULL a detailed output of the punching checks
occurs at first. At the following output of an edge column the effective perimeter u is determined to 56 % from u0. With 6.91 cm2/m logitudinal reinforcement the punching check can be filled without shear reinforcement. The designations of the calculated values correspond to the designations in DIN
10451.
Punching Design (DIN10451)
Node number
=
230
X= 5.800 [m]
Y= 0.000 [m]
Max. shear force VULS= 133.5 [kN]
integrated of QUADs
Column size
b= 0.400 [m]
d= 0.400 [m]
Plate thickness hslab= 0.200 [m]
depth 0.165 [m]
1. perimeter at 1.5*d= 0.247 [m]
utot= 3.155 [m]
ucrit= 1.753 [m]
(u= 56 % of utot due to openings, edges or walls> edge column)
Min.reinforc. asupper= 4.89 [cm2/m] (Min.designmoment> edge column)
Min.reinforc aslower= 2.40 [cm2/m] (Min.designmoment> edge column)
Tension reinfor. as >= 6.77 [cm2/m] mue= 0.41 [o/o] VRdct 106.7 [kN/m]
VEd = 1.40*V/ucrit = 106.7 [kN/m]
<= 106.7 [kN/m] =Vrdct
No punching shear reinforcement necessary.
At the end of all detailed checks a summary follows, that is printed also at
ECHO PUNC YES (default, if no ECHO input was done):
CONCLUSION
NodeNo Typ
X
Y VULS
No
[m]
[m]
[kN]
1 W
0.000 0.200
7.6
230 E
5.800 0.000 133.5
238 I
5.800 4.000 333.4
247 I
5.800 8.000 318.8
468 E 11.600 0.000 127.9
476 I 11.600 4.000 334.4
516
dcol
[m]
0.271
0.452
0.452
0.452
0.452
0.452
ucrit =%u0
[m] [o/o]
0.629
25
1.753
56
3.155
100
3.155
100
1.753
56
3.155
100
vmax AssSum
ast nperi
[MPa] [cm2] [cm2/m]
0.11
0.03
0.65
6.77
0.67
7.62
0.64
6.66
0.62
5.94
0.67
7.69
Version 11.61
BEMESS

484 L
632 W
11.600 8.000
17.400 0.200
60.9 0.271 0.908

8.7 0.271 0.629
36
25
0.57
0.13
4.60
0.05
Typ
I=inner column, E=edge column, C=corner column, F=foundation,

W=end of wall, L=wall corner, G=end_of_girder
ucrit =effective length of 1. perimeter, reduced due to openings and edges
%u0
=reduktionfactor due to openings and free edges = u0/u0tot in %
AssSum=shear reinforcemend total sum of all nperi perimeters
ast
= min. required tension reinforcement in the punching zone
nperi =up to this perimeter, shear reinforcement is required
Minimim design moments and collaps reinforcement are taken into account.

At columnnodes the slabthickness for bendingdesign has been increased
with 1:3 starting at the columnedge (not at wall punching nodes)
In a second design calculation the column dimensions were varied and an enlarged column head is input at a column. The reinforcement ratio of the longitudinal reinforcement was limited to 0.8 % with RO_V in the record PUNC.
PROG
HEAD
ECHO
CTRL
BEMESS
Smaller and larger columns with shear reinforcement
FULL NO ; ECHO PARA,PUNC,REIN FULL
ULTI
$ The internal forces and moments contain
$ already the load load safety factors.
LC
AUTO
$ selects all necessary load cases of the MAXIMA
$ ULSSuperposition
$ please check the selected load cases in the result
$ file
CTRL LCR 2
PUNC X
Y
D
B HEAD DHEA REIN=0.8
5.800
.000 0.20 0.20
5.800 4.000 0.20 0.20 0.60 0.40
5.800 8.000 0.20 0.20
11.600
.000 0.60 0.60
11.600 4.000 0.20 0.20
GEOM
30 10 30 10 $ mm
DIRE 0 0
END
At the inside column X=11.60, Y=4.00 (in the following section pictures at the
righthand side below) the support reaction V can not be included now anymore without shear reinforcement. BEMESS determines itself a longitudinal
reinforcement of 13.2 cm2/m, with which the punching check with 5.76 cm2
shear reinforcement can occur:
Version 11.61
517
BEMESS
Node number
=
476
X= 11.60 [m]
Y= 4.000 [m]
integrated of QUADs
Column size
b= 0.200 [m]
d= 0.200 [m]
depth 0.165 [m]
utot= 2.355 [m]
ucrit= 2.355 [m]
Min.reinforc. asupper= 6.20 [cm2/m] (Min.designmoment> inner column)
Min.reinforc aslower= 5.97 [cm2/m] (collapsreinforcement VULS/fyk)
mue necessary to satisfy von vRD,max acc. DIN 10451 equation 107!
VEd = 1.05*V/ucrit = 149.1 [kN/m]
> 133.3 [kN/m] =Vrdct
1. design cut of shear reinforcement at point 0.5d > u= 1.318 [m]
Shear reinforcem. Ass= (VEd*ucrit/uVRdc)*u/fyd/kappas (kappas=0.70)
Shear reinforcem. Ass= 5.76 [cm2]
ass= 35.32 [cm2/m2]
to be provided in the 1. perimeter up to columnedge
+ 0.144 [m]
2. perimeter
Ass= 1.74 [cm2]
ass= 10.66 [cm2/m2] til 0.268 [m]
Ass= (VEd(u)VRdc)*u*sw/d/fyd/kappas
Second perimeter only necessary due to DIN 10451 13.3.3(7)
The collaps design acc. DIN 10451 13.3.2(12) increased the lower reinforcement.
CONCLUSION
NodeNo Typ
X
Y VULS
No
[m]
[m]
[kN]
1 W
0.000 0.200
7.6
230 E
5.800 0.000 133.5
238 I
5.800 4.000 333.4
247 I
5.800 8.000 318.8
468 E 11.600 0.000 127.9
476 I 11.600 4.000 334.4
484 L 11.600 8.000
60.9
632 W 17.400 0.200
8.7
dcol
[m]
0.271
0.226
0.577
0.226
0.678
0.226
0.271
0.271
ucrit =%u0
[m] [o/o]
0.629
25
1.308
56
3.369
100
2.355
100
1.891
56
2.355
100
0.908
36
0.629
25
vmax AssSum
ast nperi
[MPa] [cm2] [cm2/m]
0.11
0.03
0.87
3.90
13.20
2
0.63
6.26
0.86
6.96
13.20
2
0.57
4.73
0.90
7.50
13.20
2
0.57
4.60
0.13
0.05
Cuts about the columns show now the computed necessary reinforcement:
518
Version 11.61
BEMESS
Upper longitudinal reinforcement design case 1 in cut direction at 4040 cm

columns
Upper longitudinal reinforcement design case 2 with varied column dimensions
Shear reinforcement design case 2 with varied column dimensions in cm2/m2

Notes:
Upper edge column at the lefthand side (in figure Upper longitudinal reinforcement in cut direction at 4040 cm columns" the upper point at the left
hand side = node no. 230): In the 1st design case (mentioned in the following
LCD 1) the punching check with the column dimension 4040 cm requires a
necessary upper longitudinal reinforcement of 7.06 cm2/m. In the LCD 2 the
round cut is smaller due to the smaller column 2020 cm. The raised shear
stress requires a shear reinforcement of 2.9 cm2 (32.38 cm2/m2) in the first
Version 11.61
519
BEMESS
round cut with a raised maximum longitudinal reinforcement of 13.20 cm2/m

(Figure Upper longitudinal reinforcement with varied column dimensions").
Lower inside column at lefthand side (node no. 238): In the 2nd design case
LCD 2 an effective enlarged column head of 60 cm was defined. Through that
the necessary longitudinal reinforcement from punching reduces to 0.38% =
6.26 cm2/m. However, the bending design supplies a higher reinforcement of
12.71 cm2/m due to the smaller column dimension of 2020 cm, because the
support moment reduction is smaller and the design thickness is smaller in
the central node than in LCD 1:
LCD 1: design thickness = 20cm+0.5dS / 3= 20cm + 0.545.2 / 3 = 27.5cm
LCD 2: design thickness = 20cm+0.5dS / 3= 20cm + 0.522.6 / 3 = 23.8cm
Lying at the certain side, the thickness increase is assumed not from the enlarged column head but only from the column with 1/3.
Design thickness in central node

Upper edge column at the righthand side (node no. 468): In the 2nd design
case a column with 6060 cm was defined. Here the punching check succeeds
now without problems. It is determined a necessary longitudinal reinforcement of 0.29% = 4.73cm2/m. However, the bending design requires a higher
reinforcement of 6.27 cm2/m.
Lower inside column at the righthand side (node no. 476): In LCD 2 the shear
force can be included only at the column 2020 cm with a shear reinforcement
of 5.8 cm2 (see detailed output). The necessary maximum longitudinal reinforcement is 13.20 cm2/m (limitation at 0.8%).
The lower inside column at the righthand side (node no. 476) requires a
punching shear reinforcement of 5.8 cm2 (35.5 cm2/m2) in the first round cut
and 1.7 cm2 in the second round cut.This corresponds to a distributed shear
reinforcement of 10.66 cm2/m2 distributes to the area of the punching cone
from the column outer edge to 1.5d
520
Version 11.61
5.4.
BEMESS
Building Construction Plate with Balcony.
The punching checks at wall ends in the middle of the plate and at the plate
edge according to DIN10451 should be shown with this example of a second
building construction plate with balcony.
As in the previous examples the materials are defined with the program
AQUA. The system is generated with the program GENF.
PROG
HEAD
ECHO
NORM
CONC
STEE
STEE
STEE
CONC
END
AQUA
Example DIN 10451
MAT,SECT EXTR $ producesses pictures in Ursula
DIN 10451
1 C
30 $ C30/37
3 BST 500SA TITL bar reinforcement
4 BST 500SB TITL bar reinforcement high ductile
5 C
30 $ Balkon, C30/37
PROG
HEAD
SYST
ECHO
NODE
GENF
Example DIN 10451 Building Construction Plate with Balcony
GIRD GDIV 10000
FULL NO; ECHO SECT,MAT YES
NO
X
Y
101
0
0
121 10
0
$ 50 cm grid
1401
0
7.5 $ 50 cm grid
1421 10
7.5
MESH 101 1401 1421 121 M 13 20 MNO 0 $ node mesh
$
GRP 1 T 0.22 $ slab 1 internal area
MESH 101 1101 1109 109 M 10 8 MNO 1
GRP 2 T 0.22 $ slab 2 internal area
MESH 109 1109 1121 121 M 10 12 MNO 1
Version 11.61
521
BEMESS
GRP 3 T 0.18 $ balcony
MESH 1112 1412 1418 1118 M
$
GRP 0
BOUN 1 TITL External_wall_1
BOUN 7 TITL Internal_wall_1
BOUN 8 TITL Internal_wall_2
END
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
6 MNO 5
BOUN 101 112 1

TYPE CZ CA
BOUN 118 121 1
TYPE CZ CA
BOUN 1101 1112 1
TYPE CZ CA
BOUN 1118 1121 1
TYPE CZ CA
BOUN 101 1101 100 TYPE CZ CA
500000
500000
500000
500000
500000
500000
500000
500000
The load case dead load and three imposed load cases, two load cases for the
inner plate areas and one load case for the balcony, are planned as loading.
For the superposition with the program MAXIMA it is necessary to define the
actions already with a SOFILOAD input. In this example the definition of the
actions and the loads is done separately in two SOFILOAD inputs. The load
cases are allocated then to the relevant action in the second SOFILOAD input
in record LC. The statical calculation of the single load cases is realized with
the program SEPP.
PROG SOFILOAD
HEAD Actions
ECHO ACT FULL
ACT G
TITL permanent loads G
$ payload for buildings
ACT Q_B GAMU 1.50 0.0 PSI0 0.7 0.5 0.3
END
TITL Q_B offices
PROG SOFILOAD
HEAD Loads
LC 1 TYPE G DLZ 1 TITL dead load
QUAD GRP 1 TYPE PG P 2.6
QUAD GRP 3 TYPE PG P 1.2 $ balcony
$
LC 2 TYPE Q_B
TITL qkspan 1
$
LC 3 TYPE Q_B
TITL qkspan 2
$
LC 4 TYPE Q_B
TITL qkbalcony
END
522
Version 11.61
BEMESS
PROG SEPP
HEAD Internal Forces and Moments, Single Load Cases
ECHO FORC,DISP,REAC,NOST,BEDD NO
LC ALL
END
A superposition of the internal forces and moments and the support reactions
for the ultimate limit state is still necessary with the program MAXIMA before design.
PROG MAXIMA
HEAD Superposition ULS Ultimate
ECHO FULL NO ;ECHO TABS YES
COMB 1 desi BASE 2100
SUPP 1 EXTR mami ETYP qua* TYPE
SUPP 1 EXTR mami ETYP qua* TYPE
ECHO LOAD,FACT YES
SUPP 1 EXTR mami ETYP NODE TYPE
END
Limit State
m
vx,vy
titl
titl
ULS_QUAD
ULS_QUAD
from 999999
from 999999
pz
titl
ULS_NODE
from 909
PROG BEMESS
HEAD Definition of reinforcement parameters
$ Internal rooms:
GEOM HA 25 DHA 10 HB 25 DHB 10 $ Exposition class XC1
DIRE 0 0
PARA NOG DU 10 WKU 0.40
$ class F
$ WKU for crack witdh check acc. table 20 DIN 10451
$ If check shall be done for table 21, directly the steel stress
$ can be defined with PARA...SSU. For parallel input of
$ WKU and SSU SSU is used for table 21 check. WKU may then be used for
$ minimum reinforcement check!
$ Balcony:
GEOM HA 40 DHA 10 HB 40 DHB 10 $ Exposition class XC4
DIRE 90 90
PARA NOG 3 DU 20 WKU 0.30
$ class E
$ 20 cm diameter only to get a result in the crack witdh check
$ Here minimum one PARA line has to be input, also if only PARA is defined
$ without further values!
END
Then a BEMESS calculation at which the necessary bending, shear and

punching reinforcement is determined follows for the ultimate limit state.
The maximum longitudinal reinforcement ratio is defined for the shear
checks with the input CTRL RO_V. I.e. that the necessary bending reinforce-
Version 11.61
523
BEMESS
ment is increased perhaps up to this reinforcement ratio in order to prevent

shear reinforcement during the shear checks. The wall ends are generated
with a support wall thickness of 24 cm in the record PUNC TYPE WALL D
0.24 for punching checks.
PROG
HEAD
ECHO
ECHO
CTRL
BEMESS
Design Ultimate Limit State inclusive Punching Check
PUNC FULL
REIN,RTAB YES
RO_V 0.5 $ Up to this bending reinforcement ratio it is attempted to
$ not use shear reinforcement. The shear check increases the
$ bending reinforcement up to this value if necessary. The
$ value PUNC can be modified for the punching areas:
PUNC D 0.30 B 0.30 RO_V 1.50 $ default single column
$ default support wall
PUNC TYPE WALL D 0.24
$ (All inputs for PUNC are saved in the database and have not to be defined
$ anymore in the following BEMESS inputs!)
$ Please do not make inputs for the dimensions for punching, if these inputs
$ are done already in the grafical input SOFIPLUS (otherwise they are
$ overwritten)!
$
$ Design task:
DESI $ selects all necessary load cases from MAXIMAULSsuperposition
LC
$ please check the selected load cases in the result file
END
The BEMESS calculation produces two warnings:

+++++ warning no.
303 in program DU2V
An average element thickness has been computed for punching node
This warning can be switsched off with CTRL WARN 303.
+++++ warning no.
304 in program DU2V
An average element thickness has been computed for punching node
1112
1118
The punching nodes 1112 and 1118 are the wall ends in the transition area
of the inner plate and the balcony. The element thicknesses and the statical
heights become average there automatically by the program BEMESS. The
following output of the punching checks results for these nodes with ECHO
PUNC FULL:
Node number
= 1112
End of wall
b= 0.240 [m]
524
X= 5.500 [m]
LC= 2156
d= 0.240 [m]
depth 0.161 [m]
Y= 5.769 [m]
Version 11.61
BEMESS

utot= 2.473 [m]
ucrit= 1.237 [m]
VEd = 1.40*V/ucrit = 62.25 [kN/m]
<= 62.25 [kN/m] =Vrdct
Node number
= 1118
X= 8.500 [m]
Y= 5.769 [m]
LC= 2156
End of wall
b= 0.240 [m]
d= 0.240 [m]
depth 0.161 [m]
utot= 2.473 [m]
ucrit= 1.237 [m]
VEd = 1.40*V/ucrit = 68.21 [kN/m]
<= 68.21 [kN/m] =Vrdct
Also a punching reinforcement is not necessary for the wall ends of the inner
plates.
Node number
=
112
X= 5.500 [m]
Y= 0.000
LC= 2156
End of wall
b= 0.240 [m]
d= 0.240 [m]
depth 0.190 [m]
utot= 2.751 [m]
ucrit= 0.840
Tension reinfor. as >= 0.46 [cm2/m] mue= 0.02 [o/o] VRdct 47.75
VEd = 1.40*V/ucrit = 47.75 [kN/m]
<= 47.75 [kN/m] =Vrdct
.
Node number
=
118
X= 8.500 [m]
Y= 0.000
LC= 2156
End of wall
b= 0.240 [m]
d= 0.240 [m]
depth 0.190 [m]
utot= 2.751 [m]
ucrit= 0.840
VEd = 1.40*V/ucrit = 57.50 [kN/m]
<= 57.50 [kN/m] =Vrdct
.
Node number
=
309
X= 4.000 [m]
Y= 1.154
LC= 2156
End of wall
b= 0.240 [m]
d= 0.240 [m]
depth 0.190 [m]
utot= 2.751 [m]
ucrit= 1.615
VEd = 1.40*V/ucrit = 63.13 [kN/m]
<= 63.13 [kN/m] =Vrdct
Version 11.61
[m]
[m]
[kN/m]
[m]
[m]
[kN/m]
[m]
[m]
[kN/m]
525
BEMESS
.
Node number
=
909
X= 4.000 [m]
Y= 4.615 [m]
LC= 2156
End of wall
b= 0.240 [m]
d= 0.240 [m]
depth 0.190 [m]
utot= 2.751 [m]
ucrit= 1.615 [m]
VEd = 1.40*V/ucrit = 61.78 [kN/m]
<= 61.78 [kN/m] =Vrdct
It follows the summary of the punching checks (default ECHO PUNC YES):
CONCLUSION
NodeNo Typ
X
Y VULS
No
[m]
[m]
[kN]
112 W
5.500 0.000
28.7
118 W
8.500 0.000
34.5
309 W
4.000 1.154
72.8
909 W
4.000 4.615
71.3
1112 W
5.500 5.769
55.0
1118 W
8.500 5.769
60.2
dcol
[m]
0.271
0.271
0.271
0.271
0.271
0.271
ucrit =%u0
[m] [o/o]
0.840
31
0.840
31
1.615
59
1.615
59
1.237
50
1.237
50
vmax AssSum
ast nperi
[MPa] [cm2] [cm2/m]
0.25
0.46
0.30
0.80
0.33
1.06
0.33
0.99
0.39
1.42
0.42
1.87
Typ
I=inner column, E=edge column, C=corner column, F=foundation,

W=end of wall, L=wall corner, G=end_of_girder
ucrit =effective length of 1. perimeter, reduced due to openings and edges
%u0
=reduktionfactor due to openings and free edges = u0/u0tot in %
AssSum=shear reinforcemend total sum of all nperi perimeters
ast
= min. required tension reinforcement in the punching zone
nperi =up to this perimeter, shear reinforcement is required
526
Version 11.61
BEMESS
The following hints for increase of the longitudinal reinforcement due to

shear are printed after the table of the design results:
In punching shear state "1d" the longitudinal reinf. was increased due to shear
In shear state "1s" the longitudinal reinf. has been increased due to shear
The longitudinal reinforcement is increased in the shear areas at the node

309 (elements 10108 and 10207) and at the node 909 (elements 10907 and
11008).
upper/lower
ELEM
LC MAT GEO
h Reinforcement
dphi Shr VEd/d
Ass
No
MBW
VRd,ct/d
. . .
10108
maximum
0.22 2.44 1.73
0
1s 0.299
0
0.300
. . .
10207
maximum
0.22 0.56 0.95
0
1s 0.144
0.18 0.02
0
0.194
. . .
10907
maximum
0.22 0.54 0.96
0
1s 0.144
0.19 0.02
0
0.191
. . .
11008
maximum
0.22 2.41 1.72
0
1s 0.298
0
0.299
Version 11.61
527
BEMESS
A new MAXIMA calculation has to occur before realisation of the checks in

the serviceability limit state. The internal force and moments and the support reactions of the single load cases has to be superpositioned as quasipermanent values. After that the design in the serviceability limit state occurs.
For this the limit diameters of the reinforcement bars and the specification
of the crack width check according to table 20 DIN10451 are defined for the
crack width checks with the record CRAC DDES 10 (or 20) WK TAB. The
corresponding crack widths for the single groups are specified in the record
GRP with WKA and WKB.
PROG MAXIMA
HEAD SLS Serviceability Limit State Quasipermanent Combination
ECHO FULL NO ; ECHO TABS YES
COMB 4 PERM BASE 1400
$ perm = quasipermament LC 1400...
SUPP 4 EXTR mami ETYP qua* TYPE m
titl ULS_QUAD
SUPP 4 EXTR mami ETYP qua* TYPE vx,vy
titl ULS_QUAD
SUPP 4 EXTR mami ETYP NODE TYPE pz
titl ULS_NODE
END
PROG BEMESS
HEAD Crack Width Check Serviceability quasipermanent
ECHO REIN,RTAB YES
CTRL SLS RMOD SUPE
$
LC PERM PERC 100
$ load cases according to quasipermament combination
$ SLS
CRAC WK TAB
$ Crack width check according to table 20 DIN 10451
MREI FFCT 0.5 KC 1.0
$ for centric constraint from outlet of the hydration
$ heat
NSTR CHKC YES $ printout (check) of the concrete compressive stresses
END
At first the design results are output again. It is to be noted that the results
are here the maximum from calculated and already stored reinforcement
(input CTRL RMOD SUPE). I.e. the design results are accepted from the calculation with the ultimate limit state. Only these design results which are
more unfavourable are overwritten in the serviceability limit state.
upper/lower
ELEM
LC MAT GEO
h Reinforcement
dphi Df Load Crack
Shr VEd/d
No
No No No [m] main cross dir deg No fact check
zon [MPa]
MBW
VRd,ct/d
10101
maximum
0.22 0.60 0.64
0
1
1 0.031
528
Version 11.61
BEMESS
10102
maximum
0.22
10103
maximum
0.22
10104
maximum
0.22
10105
maximum
0.22
1.04
0.43
1.39
0.25
1.21
0.02
0.90
1.09
0.69
1.23
0.45
1.08
0.11
0.76
0.62
0.33
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.200
0.052
0.258
0.058
0.243
0.052
0.215
0.037
0.165
. . .
Only the elements and nodes at which the serviceability checks are decisive
are output. This table omits here, because the serviceability checks do not increase the reinforcement:
Reinforcement was not increased by liveload design in this run
The last output table is the summary of the necessary reinforcement. In this
example the necessary reinforcement which is printed here is the maximum
from the calculation with the ultimate limit state and the calculation with the
serviceability limit state.
Element upper:As
Ast
dir lower:As
Ast
10101
4.82 4.82
0
4.82 4.82
0
10102
4.82 4.82
0
4.82 4.82
0
10103
4.82 4.82
0
4.82 4.82
0
10104
0.96 4.82
0
4.82 4.82
0
10105
0
4.82 4.82
0
10106
0.96 4.82
0
4.82 4.82
0
10107
4.82 4.82
0
4.82 0.96
0
10108
4.82 4.82
0
0
10201
4.82 4.82
0
4.82 4.82
0
10202
4.82 4.82
0
4.82 4.82
0
10203
0
4.82 4.82
0
10204
0
4.82 4.82
0
10205
0
4.82 4.82
0
10206
0.03 0.13
0
4.82 4.82
0
10207
4.82 4.82
0
4.82 0.96
0
10208
4.82 4.82
0
0
10301
4.82 4.82
0
4.82 4.82
0
. . .
At last the check of the robustness reinforcement for saving the ductile structural member behaviour occurs. The robustness reinforcement is indepen-
Version 11.61
529
BEMESS
dent of a loading. Therefore the design of an arbitrary load case suffices.

MREI ROBU FCTM may be input additionally in a normal BEMESS calculation. In this case it is not anymore possible to identify the areas at which a
reinforcement is not necessary due to load.
PROG
HEAD
HEAD
ECHO
CTRL
LC 1
MREI
END
BEMESS
Robustness Reinforcement to Consider the Ductile Member Behaviour
According to DIN 10451 13.1.1
REIN,RSUG,RTAB NO
SLS RMOD SUPE
ROBU FCTM $ robustness reinforcement with fctm
The summary of the necessary reinforcement is output. It is to be recognized,

that a robustness reinforcement of 2.66 cm2 in main direction and 2.81 cm2
in transverse direction (in each case above and below) was calculated here for
the inner plates. A robustness reinforcement of 2.48 cm2 in main direction
and 2.67 cm2 in transverse direction resulted for the balcony. Elements or nodes whose maximum reinforcement is larger from previous calculations are
to be recognized here clearly.
Element upper:As
Ast
dir lower:As
Ast
10101
4.82 4.82
0
4.82 4.82
0
10102
4.82 4.82
0
4.82 4.82
0
10103
4.82 4.82
0
4.82 4.82
0
10104
2.66 4.82
0
4.82 4.82
0
10105
0
4.82 4.82
0
10106
2.66 4.82
0
4.82 4.82
0
10107
4.82 4.82
0
4.82 2.81
0
10108
4.82 4.82
0
2.66 2.81
0
. . .
20218
20219
20220
20309
20310
4.82
4.82
4.82
4.82
4.82
2.81
4.82
4.82
2.81
2.81
0
0
0
0
0
4.82
4.82
4.82
2.66
2.66
4.82
4.82
4.82
4.82
4.82
0
0
0
0
0
6.46
2.67
90
90
2.48
2.48
6.46
6.46
90
90
. . .
31112
31113
530
6.46
6.46
Version 11.61
BEMESS

31114
31115
31116
6.46
6.46
6.46
2.67
2.67
2.67
90
90
90
2.48
2.48
2.48
6.46
6.46
6.46
90
90
90
. . .
Version 11.61
531
BEMESS
5.5.
Design with DIRE and THRE for External

Forces.
For various types and arrangements of the steel meshes the fourth example
illustrates the multiple design of a plate element which is subjected to external forces and moments. Analyses of this type are often necessary for the design of the reinforcement layout in critical regions, if estimates of the critical
loadings are available.
Data for orthogonal, skew and threecourse reinforcement may be alternated
freely in the input file. The geometric data for both reinforcement types (DIRE
and THRE) are realized together via the record GEOM, so that a single definition can all subsequent design tasks. A warning is issued in the case of three
course meshes, if no definition of the third concrete cover is found.
The input of the materials occurs with the program AQUA. The external
forces and moments are input directly with the program BEMESS. The input
reads:
PROG
HEAD
NORM
CONC
STEE
STEE
END
AQUA
Materials
DIN 10451
1 C 30:DIN
3 BST 500SA TITL bar reinforcement
PROG BEMESS
HEAD DESIGN FOR EXTERNAL FORCES
ECHO DMOM FULL
GEOM
0.20 20 20 30 16
DIRE 45 45
S
12 01
MX 10 5
GEOM
0.20 20 20 30 16 18
THRE 90 135 40
45 135
S
12 02
MX 10 5
S
12 03
MX 10
5
DIRE 45 45
S
12 04
MX 10
5
END
16
The geometric data for all types of reinforcement meshes are summarized in
a table. The table of the design results includes by turns different headings
for steel meshes of the types DIRE and THRE, because the two design cases
532
Version 11.61
BEMESS
are not to be registered with a common heading. The output (ECHO DMOM
YES) ends with the table of the design disk forces. Negative values in the
table represent the compressive concrete struts of the force transformation
polygon in the case of twocourse skew reinforcement meshes. For a better
understanding of this table, the first heading is supplemented with several
comments.
General load safety factor as defined in BEMESS:
Material (DIN10451)
Mat
fck
fcr
fyk
ftk
[MPa] [MPa] [MPa] [MPa]
1
30.0
25.5
2
500.0 525.0
B1
30.0
25.5 500.0 525.0
Minimum reinforcement: 0.00 p.c.
Gammaf = 1.45
Param. fctm
N minQ type
[MPa] [] []
of stat. req. section

Mat
concr SC1
SC2
1
1.50 1.50
2
B1
1.50 1.50
steel SS1
SS2
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.15

1.50%
No heupper hmupper hiupper helower hmlower hilower Elem. height
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[m]
1
20
40
30
46
0.200
2
20
40
58
30
46
62
0.200
Shell Forces and Moments
ELNo No1
mxx
myy
mxy
[kNm/m] [kNm/m] [kNm/m]
12
1 10.0
5.00
0.00
12
2 10.0
5.00
0.00
12
3 10.0
5.00
0.00
12
4 10.0
5.00
0.00
vx
[kN/m]
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
vy
[kN/m]
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
nxx
[kN/m]
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
nyy
[kN/m]
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
nxy
[kN/m]
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Reinforcement is not saved in the data base file
Version 11.61
533
BEMESS

upper/lower
ELEM
MAT GEO
h Reinforcement
dphi Shr VEd/d
Ass
No No1 No No [m] main cross dir deg zon [MPa] [cm2/m2]
MBW
VRd,ct/d
12
1 B1
1 0.20 1.91 1.91
45
45
1
45
0.305
ELEM
No
12
MAT GEO
h Reinforcement 13 dphi Reinfcmt.angles Shr VEd/d
No1 No No [m]
Ase
Asm
Asi deg alp bet gam zon [MPa]
MBW
VRd,ct/d
2 B1
2 0.20
1.81 1.90
90
90 135
40
1
45 135
0.312
3 B1
2 0.20
1.72 1.98
90
90 135
40
1
1.00 1.00
45
45 135
0.313
ELEM
No
MAT GEO
h Reinforcement
dphi Shr VEd/d
Ass
No1 No No [m] main cross dir deg zon [MPa] [cm2/m2]
MBW
VRd,ct/d
12
4 B1
2 0.20 1.91 1.91
45
45
1
1.00 1.00
45
45
0.305
Explanations shear state Shr zon:
1 = check without necessary shear reinforcement
2 = shear reinforcement required
m = minimum shear reinforcement
Acc. DIN 10451 10.3.4(2) the leverarm z was limited to d2*nomc.
DESIGN MEMBRANE FORCES
in [kN/m]
upper/lower
+ signs the concrete stiffening force (two course reinforcement active)
ELEM No1 Ig u:Dir1
Dir2
Dir3
l:Dir1
Dir2
Dir3
Vmax
12
1
60.0
60.0
30.0+
63.0+
2
21.5+
57.0
59.8
63.0+
3
54.1
62.5
31.5
31.5
94.6+
4
60.0
60.0
90.0+
31.5
31.5
94.6+
Note:
An explicit design type was not input. Therefore the plate with bending stress
is designed as a shell according to the default (see CTRL SYST SPAC). The
results of a shell design differ generally from those of a plate design (for pure
bending), since the shell design has to fulfill more general conditions.
534
Version 11.61

5.6.
BEMESS
Examples in the Internet.
Different statics examples are to be found in the Internet at www.sofistik.com

References/Examples.
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BEMESS

Design of Plates and

E SOFiSTiK AG, Oberschleissheim, 2006

Design of Plates and Shells

This manual is protected by copyright laws. No part of it may be translated, copied or

Design of Plates and Shells

Design of Plates and Shells

GRP Selection of Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Design of Plates and Shells

Design of Plates and Shells

Design of Plates and Shells

Bending Design of Reinforced Concrete.

The reinforcement design is based on the method described by Baumann (Der

The design strategy pursued by the program BEMESS is independent of the

In most stress situations the orthogonal twocourse reinforcement mesh is

Design of Plates and Shells

The stresses x, y and xy are transformed into the selected or by the

Design of Plates and Shells

Steel stress compression reinforcement:

Design of Plates and Shells

Design of Plates and Shells

Design of Plates and Shells

disks with a thickness of 0.35construction element thickness at the outer

Fictitious disks and lever arm for shells (DIN10451988)

Design of Plates and Shells

Design of Plates and Shells

calculation occurs in direction of the principal stresses.

Other Design Codes

Special features of the Eurocode EC 2 199211:2004 (E) und :2005 (D)

Design of Plates and Shells

Design of Plates and Shells

Service Load Checks.

Minimum Thickness Check of the Compression

Crack Width Control without Direct Calculation

Design of Plates and Shells

Crack Width Control with Direct Calculation

Calculation according to Schiel

Design of Plates and Shells

Design of Plates and Shells

Design of Plates and Shells

Maximum design value of the sustainable shear force with shear

Design of Plates and Shells

Design of Plates and Shells

Plates without shear design are allowed to

Design of Plates and Shells

Design of Plates and Shells

Design of Plates and Shells

Determinent cut and punching area according to DIN10451988

DIN 10451, EC2, BS,

According to DIN 10451, EC2 and British Standard a determinent round

Design of Plates and Shells

Design of Plates and Shells

Special features of the Russian SNIP 2.03.01

Column Input and Control Parameters

The manual input or modification of the column parameters occurs with:

where the columns are assigned by means of the supporting coordinates X

Design of Plates and Shells

For the consideration of studrails see General Informations".

Inner, Edge and Corner Columns

Shear and Bending Design at the Column

Design of Plates and Shells

Design thickness in the central node

Special Features at Wall Ends and Wall Corners