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www.orientjchem.org
Est. 1984
ISSN: 0970-020 X
CODEN: OJCHEG
2011, Vol. 27, No. (4):
Pg. 1351-1355
Key words: Kinetic model, Catalytic reforming process, Modeling, Numerical simulation
INTRODUCTION
Catalytic reforming is one of the most
important units of refineries. This unit is used to
increase Octane number of gasoline. First catalytic
reforming unit was established in the U.S. in 1939
for producing gasoline with high Octane number1.
The need to upgrade naphthas was recognized
early in the 20th century. Thermal processes were
used first but catalytic processes introduced in the
1940s offered better yields and higher octane. The
first catalysts were based on suppor ted
molybdenum oxide, but were soon replaced by
platinum catalysts. The first platinum-based
reforming process, UOPs Platforming process,
came on-stream in 1949. Since the first Platforming
1352
dN N
Naphthene Aromatics+3H 2
-(
Naphthene ( ACPn )
-(
dN N
) 2 =k 2n (PACPn -PACHn /K 2n ), n=6-9
dVR
Ring Expansion
-(
dN N
)3 =k 3n ( PN PH2 - PP /K 3n ), n=6-9
dVR
Dyhydrocyclization
-(
dN P
) 4 = k 4n (PNPn - PIP n / K 4n ), n=6-9
dVR
Isomerization
-(
dN P
)5 = k 5n ( PP / Pt ),
dVR
n=6-9
dN N
)6 = k 6n ( PN / Pt ),
dVR
n=6-9
dN A
)7 =k 7n (PAn+1 PH 0.5 ),
2
dVR
n=7-9
Naphthene ( ACH n )
Naphthene +H 2 Paraffins
NPn
C n H 2n+2 +
C n H 2n +
IPn
n-3
n
H 2 (C1 +C 2 +C3 +C 4 +C5 )
3
15
n-3
n
H 2 (C1 +C 2 +C3 +C 4 +C5 )
3
15
-(
-(
dVR
(
dNR
dNR
...(1)
= (rin rout + rgen )
= 2RLb rin rout rgen
dVR
dR
...(2)
dNR
= 2RLb
dR
Dehydrogenation
n=6-9
Hydrocracking
of
parrafins
Hydrocracking
of
Naphtene
Hydrodealkylation
dN
dN A
dN
) t = ( N )1 ( A )7
dVR
dVR
dVR
...(4)
dN H2
dN
dN
dN
n-3 dN P
n-3 dN N
) t = 3( N )1 +( N )3 +
)5 +
) 6 +( A )7
(
(
dVR
dVR
dVR
dVR
3 dVR
3 dVR
...(5)
dN
N An
dN
NP n IP n
N An
H
+ dN
N ( ACPn ) N ( ACH n )
NPn IPn
+dN
PC
PC
+dN
NC
N ( ACPn ) N ( ACH n )
NC
+dN
A n+1 A n
+ dN
NP
A n+1 A n
NP
=F C dT
t P
...(6)
dN
dN
dN
dN
dN
( N )t = ( N )1 ( N )2 +( N )3 + ( N )6 ,
dVR
dVR
dVR
dVR
dVR
...(3)
9
7
dT 9 7
dN
1
dT
dN
1
= (-H i n )( R ) ti
=2RLb ( (-H i n )( R ) ti
)
...(7)
1353
Cp =a+bT+cT 2 +dT3
H =a +bT+cT 2 +dT 3
f
Temperature distribution
Figure 3 illustrates temperature
distribution in radial direction in three reactors of
catalytic reforming process. Exothermic reactions
cause temperature to increase in the reactors. The
temperature increase is the highest in the first
reactor. This could be related to this fact that the
conversion in the first reactor is high and most
reactants converse to products in the first reactor
that causes the highest temperature increase in the
Modeling
Experimental
Deviation (%)
98.8
67.4
97.5
76.0
1.3
11.3
1354
5200
5000
4800
4600
reactor1
reactor2
reactor3
4400
4200
0.5
1
radius of reactor (m)
1.5
500
450
400
350
300
reactor1
reactor2
reactor3
250
200
0.5
1
radius of reactor (m)
1.5
200
reactor1
reactor2
reactor3
150
100
50
0.5
1
radius of reactor (m)
1.5
1355
mole (mol)
reactor radius (m)
reactor length (m)
volume (m3)
radial coordinate (m)
molar flow rate (mol/s)
heat capacity (j/mol.K)
temperature (K)
density (kg/m3)
REFERENCES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.