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The flange design for O-ring sealing (or other self energizing gasket such as helicoflex) is "flat-faced", with "metal
to metal contact outside the bolt circle". This design avoids the high flange bending stresses found in a raised face
flange (of Appendix 2) and will result in less flange thickness. The rules for this design are found only in sec VIII
division 1 under Appendix Y, and must be used with the allowable stresses of division 1. Flanges and shells will be
fabricated from 316Ti (ASME spec SA-240) stainless steel plate. Plate samples will be helium leak checked before
fabrication, as well as ultrasound inspected for flat laminar flaws which may create leak paths. The flange bolts and
nuts for a metal C-ring gasket seal will be inconel 718, (UNS N77180) as this is the highest strength non-corrosive
material allowed for bolting. For O-ring sealing we can use 304 bolts, temper B. We design the flanges for both
cases, using the parallel calculation mode of MathCAD in which the possible values for a parameter are expressed
as a matrix. Calculations are then performed in parallel for each row index. Where necessary (multiple vectors in an
expression) an arrow over the expression enforces this paralllelism
Maximum allowable material stresses, for sec VIII, division 1 rules from ASME 2010 Pressure Vessel
code, sec. II part D, table 2A (division 1 only):
Maximum allowable design stress for flange
Sf := Smax_316Ti_div1
Sf = 137.9 MPa
Sf = 2 10 psi
Maximum allowable design stress for bolts, from ASME 2010 Pressure Vessel code, sec. II part D, table 3
Inconel 718 (UNS N07718)
Smax_SA_574
Sb :=
Smax_N07718
Smax_N07718 := 37000psi
233 MPa
Sb =
255.1
From sec. VIII div 1, non-mandatory appendix Y for bolted joints having metal-to-metal contact outside of
bolt circle. First define, per Y-3:
g1 := t pv
g0 = 10 mm
corner radius:
g1 = 10 mm
Flange OD
A := 1.48m
Flange ID
B := 2R i_pv
define:
B 1 := B + g1
B = 1.36 m
B 1 = 1.37 m
G := 2 Ri_pv + .65cm
68.65 2 = 137.3
Note: this diameter will be correct for Helicoflex gasket, but slightly higher for O-ring, which is fluid and
"transmits pressure" out to its OD, howqever the lower gasket unit force of O-ring more than compensates, as
per below:
Force of Pressure on head
2
H := .785G MAWPpv
H = 2.31 10 N
N
Y2 := 65
mm
for O-ring only
Dj := G
or
Fm = 7.554 10 N
N
Y1 = 1.751
mm
Dj = 1.373 m
Fj := Dj Y2
5
Fj = 2.804 10 N
Start by making trial assumption for number of bolts, nominal bolt dia., pitch, and bolt hole dia D,
C
maximum number of bolts possible,
n := 132
d b := 16mm
n max := trunc
n max = 140
d b 0.625in = 1
Choosing ISO fine thread for CS, extra fine for inconel, to maximize root dia.; thread depth is:
1.5 mm h := .6134 p
p t :=
3
t
1
0.92 mm
h3 =
0.613
25.4
18
= 1.411
d3 =
14.1598 mm
14.7732
4
226.263
Check bolt to bolt clearance, here we use narrow thick washers (28mm OD) under the 24mm wide (flat to flat)
nuts (28mm is also corner to corner distance on nut), we adopt a minimum bolt spacing of 2x the nominal bolt
diameter (to give room for a 24mm socket) :
d w := 2d b
d w = 32 mm
C
actual bolt to bolt distance:
C n d w 0 = 1
OD w := 2d b
= 34.034 mm
this is for standard narrow washers, and for wrench
sockets which more than cover the nut width across
corners
Dtmin := d b + 2mm
Dtmin = 18 mm
We will thread some of these clearance holes for lift fixture bolts of size (db+4mm) to allow the head retraction
fixture to be bolted up the the flange. The effective diameter of these holes will be the average of nominal and
minimum diameters. To avoid thread interference with flange bolts, the flange studs will be machined to root
diameter per UG-12(b).in between threaded ends of 1.5x diameter in length. The actual clearance holes will be
db+2mm, depending on achievable tolerances, so as to allow threading where needed.
d lfb := d b + 4mm
from chart above, for 1.5mm thread pitch
H1 := .812mm
d min_lfb := d lfb 2 H1
d min_lfb = 1.838 cm
d min_lfb Dtmin = 1
effective threaded clearance hole diameter:
De = 1.919 cm
Set:
Dt := De
Dt Dtmin = 1
Fm
Fj
HG =
h G := 0.5 C G
h G = 2.85 cm
HD := .785 B P
7.554 103
5
2.804 10
HD = 2.266 10 N
R . := 0.5 C B g1
R . = 2.5 cm
h D := R. + 0.5g1
h D = 3 cm
HT := H HD
HT = 4.353 10 N
h T := 0.5 R. + g1 + h G h T = 31.75 mm
Total Moment on Flange
M P := HD h D + HT h T + HG h G
6.958 104
J
MP =
4
7.736 10
Appendix Y Calculation
P = 15.4 bar
Choose values for plate thickness and bolt hole dia:
t := 4.15cm
D := Dt
D = 1.919 cm
:=
C + B1
= 1.022
2B1
A+C
a :=
1
rB :=
n
n D
AR :=
a = 1.062
2B 1
h C := 0.5 A C
h C = 2.5 cm
AR = 0.564
1 + AR
2AR
1 AR
atan
2
1 AR
h 0 :=
B g0
rB = 7.462 10
h 0 = 11.662 cm
We need factors F and V, most easily found in figs 2-7.2 and 7.3 (Appendix 2)
g1
since
these values converge to F := 0.90892 V := 0.550103
=1
g0
Y-5 Classification and Categorization
We have identical (class 1 assembly) integral ( category 1) flanges, so from table Y-6.1, our applicable
equations are (5a), (7) - (13), (14a), (15a), (16a)
JS :=
2 hD hC
+
+ rB
B1
a
1
(5a)
F' :=
g0 h 0 + F t
A = 1.48 m
F' = 2.806 10
JP :=
hD hC
+
+ rB
B1
a
6.958 104
N m
MP =
4
7.736 10
1
JP = 0.062
B = 1.36 m
2
K +1
A
K :=
JS = 0.083
K = 1.088 Z :=
Z = 11.854
K 1
hub stress correction factor for integral flanges, use f =1 for g1/g0=1 (fig 2-7.6)
f := 1
t s := 0mm
l := 2t + t s + 0.5d b
l = 9.1 cm
E = 193 GPa
ECS
EInconel_718
JP F' M P
3
t + JS F'
1.6 103
N m
MS =
3
1.8 10
5.46
E t
J M + JP M P
3 S S
5.268 10 4
B =
4
5.856 10
101.666 MPa
113.026
E B =
(7)
B 3 cm =
0.016 mm
0.018
HC :=
2.718 106
N
HC =
6
3.021 10
MP + MS
hC
5.035 106
N
6
5.612 10
Wm1 =
Wm1 := H + HG + HC
Wm1
242.2
b :=
b =
MPa
248
Ab
0.965
rE =
0.928
E
rE :=
Ebolt
(9)
(10)
233
Sb =
MPa
255.1
(11)
elasticity factor
1.159 h C ( M P + M S)
Si := b
a t l rE B1
236.8 MPa
Si =
241.8
(12)
120.8
SR_BC =
MPa
134.3
(13)
1.437 MPa
SR_ID =
1.597
(14a)
6 MP + MS
SR_BC :=
2
t C n D
MS
2F t
SR_ID :=
+ 6
h0 + F t
B1 t2
Tangential Flange stress at inside diameter
ST :=
t E B
B1
MS
2F t Z
h + F t 1.8
0
B1 t2
2.2 MPa
ST =
2.44
(15a)
h 0 E B f
2
g1
0.91 B1 V
g0
SH =
0
(a)
b Sb =
1
(b)
(1)
not applicable
1
SR_BC Sf =
1
233 MPa
Sb =
255.1
1
SH 1.5Sf =
1
(2)
(c)
17.288 MPa
19.22
Sn not applicable
(16a)
Sf = 137.9 MPa