INTRODUCTION TO CFD ANASISLY

(FLUENT & GAMBIT)

Advisor ~ Prof. F. B. Hsiao

Advisee ~ C. J. Bai
Date ~ 2007/12/11

FLUID AERODYNAMICS LABORATORY

FLUENT & GAMBIT

INTRODUCTION TO CFD
ANALYSIS

PART

Introduction to CFD analysis

PART
Mesh Generator
PART
FLUENT Setup and Solution

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INTRODUCTION TO CFD
ANALYSIS

How Does CFD Work ?

Fluent solves are based on finite

volume method.
- Domain is discretized onto a finite set of
control volume (or cells).
- General conservation (transport) equations for
mass, momentum, energy, species, etc. are
solved on this set of control volumes.
Fluid region of pipe flow is
discretized into a finite set
of control volume (mesh).
- Partial differential equations are discretized into a
system of algebraic equations.
- All algebraic equations are then solved
numerically to render the solution field.

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INTRODUCTION TO CFD
ANALYSIS

CFD Modeling Overview

Solver

Pre-Processing
Solid
Modeler

Mesh
Generator

Transport Equation
-Mass
-Momentum
-Energy
Equations of state
Supporting physical models

Physical Models
-Turbulence
-Combustion
-Radiation
-Multiphase
-Phase Change
-Moving Zones
-Moving Mesh

Solver setting
Material Properties
Boundary Conditions
Initial Conditions
Postprocessing

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INTRODUCTION TO CFD
ANALYSIS

CFD Analysis - The Basic Step

Problem Identification and Preprocessing
-Define your modeling goals.
-Identify the domain you will model.
-Design and create the grid.

Solver Execution
-Set up the numerical.
-Compute and monitor the solution.

Catia
AutoCAD
Gambit
Icem-CFD
.
.

CFX
CFDRC
COSMOS
Fluent
.
.

Post-Processing
-Examine the results.
-Consider revisions to the model.
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INTRODUCTION TO CFD
ANALYSIS

Design and Create the Grid

Hybrid mesh for an IC

engine value port
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ANALYSIS

Reading the Mesh - Components

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INTRODUCTION TO CFD
ANALYSIS

Defining Boundary Conditions

External faces
-General ~ pressure inlet , pressure outlet
-Incompressible ~ velocity inlet, outflow
-Compressible ~ mass flow inlet , pressure
far-field, mass flow outlet
-Other ~ wall, symmetry, axis, periodic
Cell Zones
-Fluid
-Solid
-Heat exchanger
Interface
-wall, interior..

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INTRODUCTION TO CFD
ANALYSIS

Turbulence Models Available in FLUENT

Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models

One-order Equation Models

-Spalart-Allmaras

RANS based
models

Two-order Equation Models

-Standard k-
-RNG k-
-Realizable k-
-Standard -
-SST k-

Increase in
computational
cost per
iteration

Reynolds Stress Model

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INTRODUCTION TO CFD
ANALYSIS

Wall Boundary Conditions

-Standard k-
-RNG k-
-Realizable k-
-RSM

-Spalart-Allmaras
-Standard -
-SST k-

The viscosityviscosity-affected region is not

resolved, instead is bridged by the
wall function.
HighHigh-Re turbulence models can be
used.

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The nearnear-wall region is resolved all the

way down to the wall.
The turbulence models ought to be valid
throughout the nearnear-wall region.

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INTRODUCTION TO CFD
ANALYSIS

Placement of The First Grid Point

Wall function ~ y+ 30-300
Near-wall function ~ y+ 1
Non-dimensional distance from a wall in a
turbulent boundary layer is given by y+

y+ =

ut y

where ut is the friction velocity, define as

(w/)0.5.
The shear stress on the surface:

w
1
U 2
2

0.73
RN

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INTRODUCTION TO CFD
ANALYSIS

PART
Introduction to CFD analysis
PART

Mesh Generator
PART
FLUENT Setup and Solution

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INTRODUCTION TO CFD
ANALYSIS

Case12-D Airfoil

Problem Description
9RE=1x106
9Angle of attack=4
9Naca4412
9Chord length = 1c

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INTRODUCTION TO CFD
ANALYSIS

Mesh command button

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Mesh

Mesh edges

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ANALYSIS

Mesh command button

Mesh

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Mesh edges

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ANALYSIS

Mesh command button

Boundary-layer

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Create boundary layer

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ANALYSIS

Mesh command button

Mesh

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Mesh edges

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INTRODUCTION TO CFD
ANALYSIS

Mesh command button

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Mesh

Mesh edges

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ANALYSIS

Mesh command button

Mesh

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Mesh edges

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INTRODUCTION TO CFD
ANALYSIS

Mesh command button

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Mesh

Mesh faces

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ANALYSIS

Zones command button

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Specify boundary types

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ANALYSIS

Zones command button

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Specify boundary types

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INTRODUCTION TO CFD
ANALYSIS

Zones command button

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Specify boundary types

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ANALYSIS

Zones command button

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Specify continuum types

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ANALYSIS

File Export Mesh

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INTRODUCTION TO CFD
ANALYSIS

PART
Introduction to CFD analysis
PART
Mesh Generator
PART

FLUENT Setup and Solution

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ANALYSIS

Step 1Grid
Read the grid file airfoil-2D.mesh
File Read Case.
Check the grid.
Grid Check
Display the grid
Display Grid.

The Entire Grid

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ANALYSIS

Step 2Models
Specify the solver settings.
Define Models Solver.

NoteSeclect Green-Gauss Node Based

This option uses better numerics, in
particular in unstructured meshs. It also
tends to predict drag more accurately.

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ANALYSIS

Enable the k- epsilon turbulence model.

Define Models Viscous.

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ANALYSIS

Step 3Materials
Set the properties for air, the default fluid materials.
Define Materials.

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ANALYSIS

Step 4Boundary Conditions

Define Boundary Conditions.

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INTRODUCTION TO CFD
ANALYSIS

1.Set the boundary conditions for velocity-inlet

NoteEnter 0.997564 and 0.069756

for the X-Y components of
flow direction.
NoteThe viscosity ratio should
be between 1 and 10 for
external flows.

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ANALYSIS

2.Set the boundary conditions for pressure-outlet

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ANALYSIS

Step 5Solution
Define a force monitor to print, write, and drag coefficient for the walls of the airfoil.

NoteEnter 7.28588 for X and

0.50948 for Y in the Force
Vector Box.

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Define a force monitor to print, write, and lift coefficient for the walls of the airfoil.

NoteEnter -0.50948 for X and

7.28588 for Y in the Force
Vector Box.

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ANALYSIS

Define the residual monitor to print and plot.

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Initialize the solution.

Solver Initialize Initialize.

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ANALYSIS

Set the reference value that are used to compute the lift and drag coefficients.
Report Reference values.

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ANALYSIS

Save the case and data files(airfoil-2D.cas and airfoil-2D.dat)

Start the calculation by requesting 100 iterations.

Step 6Postprocessing

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Thanks!!

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