Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Village: Santej
District: Gandhinagar
Page
ENROLLMENT NO
Pratik B Jogi
120170109026
Nodal Officer:
Prof. K. B. Rathod,
Electrical Department,
Vishwakarma Government Engineering College
Chandkheda, Ahmedabad-382424
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY
Chandkheda, Ahmedabad
382424
Gujarat
CONTENT
Vishwakarma Government
Engineering College,
Chandkheda, Ahmedabad
382424
Gujarat
List of Content
Page
Page No.
Cover Page
Certificate
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
Page
CERTIFICATE
_______________
Prof. S. P. SAPRE
(Head of Department)
____________
Prof. K.B.Rathod
(Project Guide)
Page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am highly indented to Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad for providing us such
opportunity to work under Vishwakarma Yojana to get real work experience and applying
our technical knowledge in the development of Villages.
I wish to express our deep sense of gratitude to Dr. Akshai Agrawal, Honble Vice
Chancellor, Gujarat Technological University-Ahmedabad, for his encouragement and
support during project work. I express our sincere thanks to all the members of Department
of Technical Education for appreciating and acknowledging our work. Especially thanks to
Registrar, Gujarat Technological University and team of Gujarat Technological University for
their unconditional support during the project work.
I express our sincere thanks to DDO, TDO, Sarpanch and staff members of Santej village
for providing us with requisite data whenever I approached them.Especially our thanks are
to all villagers and stake holders for their support during Survey.
An act
of gratitude
is expressed
to our
guide Prof.
K.B.Rathod,
Nodal
Officer,
Pratik B Jogi
Page
ABSTRACT
Today world is growing rapidly and the living standards of society are improving due to
development in each and every field. Due to evolution of new technologies, world
has become small. Gandhinagar is among one of the developed cities of Gujarat.
Santej is one of the villages of Gandginagar district. It is essential that development must
be indicated at village level for growth of the state and nation.The preliminary survey
was carried out and data has been collected to assure the problem of the village. It is
observed that the village is facing the problem and basic amenities like street light, energy
efficient equipment product along with lake of important facility like solid waste disposal and
drainage facility.The efforts are made to suggest the remedies to tackle the problem and
household solution at preliminary level. It is also intended to carry out detailed survey for
the betterment of the village at large scale.
INDEX
Chapter
Introduction
1.1
Introduction of Chapter
Page
Sr. No.
1
1.2
Study justification
1.3
Study Area
1.4
1.5
1.6
Methodology
Literature Review
2.1
Electricity in village
2.2
Government Norms (Rules & Regulations)
2.3
Issues identification
2.4
Approach So Far
Study Area Profile
3.1
Study Area Location
3.2
Physical & Demographical Growth
3.3
Brief history
3.4
Economic profile
3.5
Social scenario
3.6
Electricity infrastructure network
Page No.
9
12
17
21
Planning
Recommendation & Suggestions
Conclusion
Annexure
7.1 Survey Form
7.2 Base map of Village with respect to electricity
distribution
7.3 Photographs
31
32
33
Page
List of Figures
Sr. No.
Details
Page No.
Methodology
11
Village Map 1
17
Village Map 2
17
Population
18
25
25
31
List of Tables
Sr. No.
Details
Page No.
Population
18
Billing Details
25
26
ENCON
26
28
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction of Chapter
Page
Around 70% of the State's population is living in rural areas. People inrural areas
should have the same quality of life as is enjoyed by people living insub urban and
urban areas. On account of poverty, unemployment, poor andinadequate
infrastructural facility has caused migration of the rural people to urban.Hence,
created slum in these region consequently social and economic tensionhas resulted
in urban areas. Hence, rural Development which is concerned with economic growth
and social justice, improvement in the living standard of the rural people by providing
adequate and quality social services and minimum basic needs becomes essential.
The present strategy of rural development mainly focuses on provision of basic
amenities and infrastructure facilities through innovative program of wageand selfemployment. For economic improvement of local people the above goals will be
achieved by various program being implemented creating partnership with
communities, non-governmental organizations, community based organizations,
institutions.
The Government's policy and program have laid emphasis on poverty,generation of
employment and income opportunities and provision of infrastructureand basic
facilities to meet the needs of rural poor.
As a measure to strengthen the grass root level democracy, the
Government
is
10
By this Vishwakarma Yojana project, government want technical solution of the problem of
by the engineering students.
Page
villages at the engineering point of view. In this project, the common problem of village are solved
11
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1.6 Methodology
Figure 1
2 Literature Survey
2.1 Electricity in village
Rural electrification is the process of bringing electrical power to rural and remote
areas. Electricity is used not only for lighting and household purposes, but it also
allows for mechanization of many farming operations, such as threshing, milking,
and hoisting grain for storage. In areas facing labour shortages, this allows for
greater productivity at reduced cost
12
In December 2011, over 300 million Indian citizens had no access to frequent
Page
electricity. Over one third of India's rural population lacked electricity, as did 6% of
the urban population. Of those who did have access to electricity in India, the supply
was intermittent and unreliable. States such as Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, etc.
provide continuous power supply.
India's Ministry of Power launched Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana
(DDUGJY) as one of its flagship programme in July 2015 with the objective of
providing round the clock power to the rural areas. It focuses on reforms in rural
power sector by separation of feeder lines (rural households & agricultural) and
strengthening of transmission and distribution infrastructure. The earlier scheme for
rural electrification viz. Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) has
been subsumed in the new scheme as its rural electrification component.
In Gujarat most of the village get 24/7 electricity supply. But, use of renewable
energy sources is very less.
13
Incomplete coverage
Faulty definition/ incomplete data
Less enthusiastic approach by NGOS
Lack of improvement in technology
Page
14
2.4
Approach So Far
15
Page
vidyutikaran
16
The purpose of Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) is
Page
to (i) ensure that every household has access to a tap with assured supply of water
and a sewerage connection; (ii) increase the amenity value of cities by developing
greenery and well maintained open spaces (parks); and (iii) reduce pollution by
switching to public transport or constructing facilities for non-motorized transport
(e.g. walking and cycling). You can find detailed information about the Missions
objectives, planning, funding, etc.
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17
Figure 2
Figure 3
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18
Table 1
Sr. No.
Census
2011
Populatio
n
7493
Male
Female
House Hold
3974
3519
1683
Population
Male
Female; 47%
Female
Male; 53%
Figure 4
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19
All the villagers lives with unity. Most of the villagers are from middle class.
It has 2 school. It has only one primary health centre. It has 9 working Aaganwadi.
It has poor drainage system. Cleanliness is required in the village.
Most of the roads are concrete road and some are pucca road.
Enrolment ratio in the school is 100%.
Some industries are also situated in Santej village, near highway.
Population of women is 11% less than of men. 890 women per 1000 male.
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20
3.6
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21
4 Planning Proposal
4.1
Design Selections
1. Solar Panel
2. Battery
3. Inverter
4. Load
1. Solar Panel
Solar Panel refers to a panel designed to absorb the sun's rays as a source of
energy for generating electricity or heating.
A photovoltaic (in short PV) module is a packaged, connected assembly of typically
610 solar cells. Solar Photovoltaic panels constitute the solar array of a photovoltaic
system that generates and supplies solar electricity in commercial and residential
applications. Each module is rated by its DC output power under standard test
conditions, and typically ranges from 100 to 365 watts. The efficiency of a module
determines the area of a module given the same rated output an 8% efficient 230
watt module will have twice the area of a 16% efficient 230 watt module. There are a
few
solar
panels
available
that
are
exceeding
19%
efficiency.
A single solar module can produce only a limited amount of power; most installations
contain multiple modules. A photovoltaic system typically includes a panel or an
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22
array of solar modules, a solar inverter, and sometimes a battery and/or solar tracker
2. Battery
Deep-cycle, lead-acid batteries are widely used in renewable energy and gridbackup system, and are ideally suited for these applications because of their long,
reliable life and low cost of ownership.
Deep cycle refers to the fact that in a solar power system, it is likely that the battery
will become charged during a sunny day, then they may become almost fully
discharged with use, before they are again fully charged.
In stand-alone systems, the power generated by the solar panels is usually used to
charge a lead-acid battery. Other types of battery such as nickel-cadmium batteries
may be used, but the advantages of the lead-acid battery ensure that it is still the
most popular choice. A battery is composed of individual cells; each cell in a leadacid battery produces a voltage of about 2 Volts DC, so a 12 Volt battery needs 6
cells. The capacity of a battery is measured in Ampere-hours or Amp-hours (Ah).
Days of autonomy is another important aspect while selecting battery. This term
refers to the maximum days for which battery can supply power without being
charged. In India, 3 days are considered as standard days of autonomy.
3. Inverter
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23
A solar inverter, or PV inverter, or Solar converter, converts the variable direct current
(DC) output of a photovoltaic (PV) solar panel into a utility frequency alternating
current (AC) that can be fed into a commercial electrical grid or used by a local, offgrid electrical network. It is a critical BOScomponent in a photovoltaic system,
allowing the use of ordinary AC-powered equipment. Solar inverters have special
functions adapted for use with photovoltaic arrays, including maximum power point
tracking and anti-islanding protection.
Solar inverters may be classified into three broad types:
Stand-alone inverters, used in isolated systems where the inverter draws its DC
energy from batteries charged by photovoltaic arrays. Many stand-alone inverters
also incorporate integral battery chargers to replenish the battery from an AC source,
when available. Normally these do not interface in any way with the utility grid, and
as such, are not required to have anti-islanding protection.
Grid-tie inverters, which match phase with a utility-supplied sine wave. Grid-tie
inverters are designed to shut down automatically upon loss of utility supply, for
safety reasons. They do not provide backup power during utility outages.
Battery backup inverters, are special inverters which are designed to draw energy
from a battery, manage the battery charge via an onboard charger, and export
excess energy to the utility grid. These inverters are capable of supplying AC energy
to selected loads during a utility outage, and are required to have anti-islanding
protection
Solar inverters use maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to get the maximum
possible power from the PV array.
There is another important part in inverter known as charge controller.
A charge controller may be used to power DC equipment with solar panels. The
charge controller provides a regulated DC output and stores excess energy in a
battery as well as monitoring the battery voltage to prevent under/overcharging.
24
More expensive units will also perform maximum power point tracking. An inverter
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This type of solar system is by far the most simply. The solar modules are connected
directly to a load which is often a motor. Whenever the sun is up and shining the
motor will work. Unlike electronics a motor can take a variable voltage and current
input without being damaged. A solar powered attic fan is a great example of this
system type.
Another good example is a water pump. With a water pumping system, instead of
storing energy water is stored. For example, if a rancher is pumping water for cows,
the water is stored in a tank and that tank is used when needed to fill troughs for the
animals. With most modern water pumping systems there is another component
typically in the system between the solar array and the pump that controls the output
of the solar array to better optimize the pumps operation.
DC Loads connected to panels may be lamp in solar street light.
4.2
Design Proposals
Billing Detail
TABLE 2
Sr.
No
.
1
2
Particular
Units
Amount
Average Value
510 units
Rs.2220/-
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25
Energy Consumption
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
JAN - FEB
MAR - APR
MAY - JUN
JUL -AUG
Figure 7
Electricty Bill
JAN - FEB
MAR - APR
MAY - JUN
2
JUL - AUG
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26
Figure 8
End User
TABLE 3
Equipment
kW
Usage in hour
1 AC
1.500
6
2 FAN
0.060
10
2 CFL
0.03
10
3 TUBE LIGHT
0.055
10
1 COMPUTER
0.2
2
Total kWh consumption of one day (when all equipment are in operation i.e. summer)
= 10.85 units (approx. 10 units)
Recommendation
TABLE 4
Sr. No.
ENCON
SAVING PER
YEAR
Rs. 480/-
Rs.7780/-
Optimum use of day light can further reduce electricity bill of the bank. Make
arrangements of proper window for sun light during day time.
Approximate Total Saving is Rs.7500/During winter and monsoon season bill would reduce more.
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27
Requirement
In present scenario, generation of power is quite less than demand. And the difference
between them is increasing rapidly. So, its advantageous if a provision is there for the
building to generate electricity for its own demand. Also, excessive power generated can be
transferred to the grid which would help in bridging the gap between generation and
demand. Solar rooftop plan is the best option for economic power generation.
As per the requirement of electricity in my village I propose a solar roof top plan for the
Panchayat building in my village.
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28
Figure 10
PV module Calculations
A single solar module can produce only a limited amount of power; most installations
contain multiple modules. A photovoltaic system typically includes a panel or an
array of solar modules, a solar inverter, and sometimes a battery.
As per our system requirement we select Monocrystalline PV module For Panchayat
building.
Number of
component
rating
Working hour
Ceiling fan
60W
T-12 fluorescent
tube light with
electromagnetic
ballast
55W
29
the sizing of PV module, the total peak watt produced needs. The peak watt
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(Wp) produced depends on size of the PV module and climate of site location.
We have to consider panel generation factor which is different in each site
location. The panel generation factor is 4.2 To determine the sizing of PV
modules, calculation is as follows:
= 3139/4.2
= 747.38 Watt-peak
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30
Battery Size
The battery type recommended for using in solar PV system is deep cycle battery.
Deep cycle battery is specifically designed for to be discharged to low energy level
and rapid recharged or cycle charged and discharged day after day for years. The
battery should be large enough to store sufficient energy to operate the appliances at
night and cloudy days. To find out the size of battery, calculate as follows:
Battery Capacity (Ah) = Watt-hours per day used by appliances x Days of autonomy
(0.85 x 0.6 x nominal battery voltage)
= 2415 X 3
0.85X0.6X12
=1183.82 Ah
Hence Battery should be rated 12 V,1200 Ah per 3 day autonomy.
Isc = 7.5 A
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6. Conclusion
As per problem observed in rural area preventive and renewable measures
aresuggested. Implementation of improvement will reduce problem in areaand
improve standard of living of village people. This can be resulted inimproving social
and economic effect of rural area on economy of thecountry and it may result
in more efficient use of infrastructure. By caringout the Vishwakarma Yojana project
work,I came to know that if proper planning and guidance is provided youth can
change thecomplete scenario of village.
More use of solar based energy resources in home and small public utility building
can reduce carbon footprint of village as well as reduce electricity cost in long run.
Maximum use of day light in Panchayat Bhavan and bank can reduce electricity bill.
Awareness about energy efficient equipment is important thing in conservation of
energy. Aware village dwellers about solar based power though they are getting 24*7
electricity supply. Because, solar power is the future of electricity and in long time we
will have free energy with one time capital investment and proper maintenance.
Thus, use of renewable energy, energy efficient equipment and proper use of energy
can push Santej village towards Rurbanization.
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7. Annexure
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34