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Tc Pecu Mx 2009;47(2):203-213
RESUMEN
El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la acumulacin de forraje, composicin, tasa de crecimiento y algunas caractersticas
estructurales del pasto Mombaza, cosechado a tres intervalos de corte (IC; 3, 5 y 7 semanas), durante las pocas de sequa y
lluvias, en un ao. Los IC se distribuyeron en 12 parcelas de 17.5 m2, mediante un diseo de bloques completos al azar, con
cuatro repeticiones. Hubo mayor acumulacin de forraje durante las lluvias, con respecto a la sequa (83 y 17 %, respectivamente).
Durante el estudio, el intervalo de corte de 7 semanas present mayor acumulacin de forraje (24,300 kg MS ha -1), tasa de
crecimiento (140 kg MS ha-1 da-1) y altura de plantas (111 cm), pero con menor proporcin de hojas (56 %) y relaciones
hoja:tallo (1.6) y hoja:no hoja (1.3). La produccin, composicin morfolgica y estructura del pasto Mombaza, puede ser
manipulada por diferentes IC. La mayor proporcin de hojas se obtuvo con el menor IC. Mayores intervalos de corte afectaron
negativamente la estructura del forraje, lo que puede disminuir la eficiencia de utilizacin y el consumo y desempeo de los
animales.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Praderas tropicales, Panicum maximum, Defoliacin, Produccin de forraje.
ABSTRACT
The objective of the present study was to evaluate herbage accumulation, morphological composition, growth rate and
structural characteristics in Mombasa grass swards subject to different cutting intervals (3, 5 and 7 wk) during the rainy
and dry seasons of the year. Treatments were assigned to experimental units (17.5 m2) according to a complete randomised
block design, with four replicates. Herbage accumulation was greater in the rainy than in the dry season (83 and 17 %,
respectively). Herbage accumulation (24,300 kg DM ha-1), average growth rate (140 kg DM ha -1 d-1) and sward height (111
cm) were highest in the 7 wk cutting interval, but leaf proportion (56 %), leaf:stem (1.6) and leaf:non leaf (1.3) ratios
decreased. Herbage accumulation, morphological composition and sward structure of Mombasa grass sward may be
manipulated through defoliation frequency. The highest leaf proportion was recorded in the 3-wk cutting interval. Longer
cutting intervals affected negatively sward structure, with potential negative effects on utilization efficiency, animal intake and
performance.
KEY WORDS: Tropical swards, Panicum maximum, Defoliation, Forage yield.
Unidad Acadmica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia-Costa Chica. Universidad Autnoma de Guerrero. Carrt. Acapulco-Pinotepa Nacional km 195. Cuajinicuilapa,
Gro. Tel. 017414140783.
203
CI
Dry
Rainy
3
5
7
Average
SE
Total herbage
2408 Ab
9792 Ba
3418 Ab
16355 ABa
3702 Ab
20607 Aa
3177
15585
522.0
2170.0
3
5
7
Average
SE
Mombasa
2407 Ab
3418 Ab
3702 Ab
3175
516.8
grass
9659 Ba
16355 ABa
20607 Aa
15540
2174.5
Annual
12200
19773
24309
12066
19773
24309
50
High temperature
Average temperature
Low temperature
200
30
150
20
100
10
Rainfall (mm)
250
40
Temperature (C)
300
50
Oct-07
Nov-07
Sep-07
Aug-07
Jul-07
Jun-07
May-07
Apr-07
Mar-07
Feb-07
Jan-07
Dec-06
0
Nov-06
Dry
Rainy
Annual
7168
10227
11056
9484 a
1248.2
9028
12864
13653
Leaves
3
5
7
Average
SE
3
5
7
Average
SE
3
5
7
Average
SE
1860
2637
2597
2365 b
245.5
Stems
486 Aa
2455 Ba
650 Ab
5200 ABa
794 Ab
7867 Aa
643
5174
148.9
885.4
Dead material
60 Ba
36 Ca
131 Bb
928 Ba
312 Ab
1684 Aa
167
883
27.0
187.1
2941
5850
8661
96
1059
1996
208
Dry
Rainy
Average
15.9 Bb
21.4 ABb
22.9 Ab
20.0
2.07
65.7 Ba
118.8 ABa
140.1 Aa
107.5
16.30
3
5
7
Average
SE
3
5
7
Average
SE
Leaf:stem
13.6
6.8
6.1
8.8 a
3.50
3
5
7
Average
SE
ratio
3.1
2.1
1.6
2.3 b
0.08
40.8
69.1
81.5
29.4
50.9
70.3
8.4
4.5
3.8
6.7
4.0
2.9
210
Dry
Rainy
150
3 weeks
100
50
200
150
5 weeks
100
50
200
150
7 weeks
100
50
Months
211
1-nov- 07
1-oct-07
1-sep-07
1-aug-07
1-jul-07
1-jun-07
1- may-07
1-apr-07
1- mar-07
1-feb-07
1-jan-07
1- dec-06
1- nov-06
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214