EKT 450

Mobile Communication System

Chapter 1: Introduction to
Mobile Communication System
Dr. Azremi Abdullah Al-Hadi
School of Computer and Communication Engineering
azremi@unimap.edu.my
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Course Outcomes (CO)

Ability to identify important components and
functions of a mobile communication system.
Ability to explain, evaluate and compare the
differences in characteristics and areas of
applications between different types of mobile
communication systems.
Ability to apply and analyze the issues in
mobile communication system.
Ability to identify and describe the latest
techniques and standards in mobile
communication system.
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Course Assessments
Examination : 70%
Test(s)
: 10%
Final Exam
: 60%
Course work : 30%
Mini Project
Assignments/Quizzes
Lecture :

: 20%
: 10%

Monday 8.00 10.00 am (DK1)

Tuesday 12.00 1.00 pm (DK1)
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Text Books / References

Theodore S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications
Principles and Practice, Prentice Hall, 2002.
David Tse and Pramod Viswanath, Fundamentals
of Wireless Communications, Cambridge Press,
2005.
Andrea Goldsmith, Wireless Communications,
Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Suruhanjaya Komunikasi dan Multimedia Malaysia:
http://www.skmm.gov.my
Tharek Abd Rahman, Mobile Communication
System, Lecture Notes, Fakulti Kejuruteraan
Elektrik, Universiti Teknologi Msia.
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About Myself
Name : Dr. Azremi Abdullah Al-Hadi.
Married and blessed with two children.
Joined KUKUM in 2002, designated as Teaching Engineer.
Pursued M.Sc. in Communication Engineering (Birmingham,
UK) in 2004.
Pursued Doctor of Science (in Technology) in Radio
Engineering (Aalto, Finland) in 2013.
My room for consultation:
Bilik Pensyarah PPKKP Tingkat 3, Pauh Putra Campus
: Monday-Wednesday.
Advanced Communication Engineering Center (ACE),
Kangar : Thursday and Friday.
Email: azremi@unimap.edu.my; azremi.abdullah@gmail.com

The Electronics Boom !

Figure 1.1 The growth of mobile telephony as compared with other popular inventions of the 20th century.

Mobile Radio Telephony in the U.S.

Mobile Radio Telephony in Malaysia

IMT-2000 or 3G in Malaysia

IMT-2000
3G - the third generation of mobile telecommunications
technology.
3G telecommunication networks support services that
provide an information transfer rate of at least 200 kbit/s.
Later 3G releases (often denoted 3.5G and 3.75G), also
provide
mobile
broadband
access
of
several Mbit/s to smartphones and mobile modems in laptop
computers.
Application
in
wireless
voice
telephony,
mobile
Internet access, fixed wireless Internet access, video
calls and mobile TV.
Use
services
and
networks
that
comply
with
the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT2000) specifications by the International Telecommunication
Union.

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World Interoperability for

Microwave Access (WiMAX) in
Malaysia

11

Mobile Radio Systems Around the

World

12

Mobile Radio Systems Around the

World

13

Mobile Radio Systems Around the

World

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Mobile Communication Systems

Pagers

Analogue (1G)
Walkie Talkie

Radio Taxi

[ NMT450,NMT900,
TACS, AMPS etc]

Cellular
Telephone

Digital (2G & 3G)

Types Mobile Radio

[GSM900, GSM1800,GSM19000,
DAMPS, PDC, IS 95 and IMT2000]

Cellular Radio

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Wireless Communication Systems

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Example of Wireless
Communication Systems Paging
Systems
Systems that send brief messages (called page) to a subscriber
via paging system access number.
Paging system transmits the page throughout the service area
using base stations which broadcast the page using radio
carrier.
Paging systems are designed to provide reliable communication
to subscribers wherever they are.
Why do paging system need to :
solution
use large transmitter power?
provide low data rates?
How does a low data rate lead to better coverage?
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Wide Area Paging System

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Example of Wireless
Communication Systems Cordless
Telephone Systems
Full duplex system.
Modern cordless telephones are sometimes combined with
paging receiver subscriber is paged and respond to the
page using the cordless phone.

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Example of Wireless
Communication Systems Cellular
Telephone Systems
Provides a wireless connection to the Public Switched
Telephone Network (PSTN) for any user location within the
radio range of the system.
Accommodate large number of users + large geographic area
within limited frequency spectrum.
How to increase capacity? smaller geographic area called
cell.
How to deal with limited frequency spectrum? frequency
reuse.
Switching technique between cells handoff.
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Cellular System

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Cellular System Basic Entities

Mobile Stations
Transceiver
Antenna
Control circuitry
Moves at pedestrian or vehicle speed
Base Stations
Several transmitters and receivers
Tower that supports several transmitting and receiving
antennas
Link between all mobile users and the MSC
Mobile Switching Centre (MSC)
Connects mobiles to Public Switching Telephone Network
(PSTN)
Coordinates activities of all BS
Controls billing and system maintenance functions.

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Comparison of Mobile
Communication Systems

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Comparison of Mobile
Communication Systems

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Problem 1

solution

Qualitatively describe how the power supply

requirements differ between:
a) Mobile and portable cellular phones?
b) Pocket pagers and cordless phones?
How does coverage range impact battery life in
a mobile radio system?

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Problem 2

solution

Assume a 1 Amp-hour battery is used on a cellular

telephone. Also assume that the cellular telephone
draws 35mA in idle mode and 250 mA during a
call. How long would the phone work (what is the
battery life) if the user leaves the phone on
continually and has:
a) 3-minute call everyday?
b) 3-minute call every 6 hours?
c) 3-minute call every hours?
d) What is the maximum talk time available?
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Modern Wireless
Communication Systems

Figure 2.1 Growth of cellular telephone subscribers throughout the world.

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2G Cellular Networks

Figure 2.2 Worldwide subscriber base as a function of cellular technology in late 2001.

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2G Cellular Networks

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From 2G to 3G

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Figure 2.3 Various upgrade paths for 2G technologies.

From 2G to 3G

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Third Generation (3G) Wireless

Networks

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Evolution of Cellular Systems

80s

90s
2G
Digital
GSM900,GSM1800,
DAMPS,PDC,IS95, etc

1G
Analog
AMPS,NMT,
TACS etc
Frequency
Band:

Application:

2000s

450MHz
800MHz
900MHz

Voice

800MHZ
900MHZ
1500MHz
1800MHz
1900MHz

3G
IMT-2000

2.5G
GPRS

Voice & Low Data Rate

2000MHz

Multimedia
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Evolution of Cellular Systems

3G

GSM/UMTS CDMA2000
(WCDMA)

GPRS

2G

D-AMPS
TACS

1G
NMT

AMPS

IS.95
GSM

PDC
Additional wireless
access technologies:
BlueTooth
WLAN
WiMAX

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Evolution of Cellular Systems

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Applications
1G

Analog : You could only easily use analogue

cellular to make voice calls, and typically
only in one country.

2G

Digital mobile phone systems added fax,

data and messaging capabilities as well as
voice telephone services in many countries.

3G

Multimedia services add high speed data

transfer to mobile devices, allowing new
video, audio and other applications through
mobile phones allowing music and television
and the Internet to be accessed through a
mobile terminal.
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3G Concept
Satellite
Pedestrian

"Macro" Cell "Micro Cell

In-Building

"Pico" Cell

Multimedia Services
High Quality
Global Roaming
Backward Compatability
Anywhere, Anytime, Anyone
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Figure 2.4 Example of the emerging applications and markets for broadband services. (Courtesy of Harris
Corporation, 1999, all rights reserved.)

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Broadband Wireless Spectrum

Figure 2.5 Allocation of broadband wireless spectrum throughout the world. (Courtesy of Ray W. Nettleton and
reproduced by permission of Formus Communications.)

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Received Power in Clear Sky

Figure 2.8 Measured received power levels over a 605 m 38 GHz fixed wireless link in clear sky, rain, and hail.

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Received Power during Storm

Figure 2.9 Measured received power during rain storm at 38 GHz [from [Xu00], IEEE].

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Wireless Local Area Networks

(WLANs)

Figure 2.10 Overview of the IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN standard.

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WLAN Products

Figure 2.11 Photographs of popular 802.11b WLAN equipment. Access points and a client card are shown on left, and
PCMCIA Client card is shown on right. (Courtesy of Cisco Systems, Inc.)

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WLAN Coverage (3 Access Points)

Figure 2.13 A predicted coverage plot for three access points in a modern large lecture hall. (Courtesy of Wireless Valley
Communications, Inc., 2000, all rights reserved.)

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WLAN Coverage Predictions

Figure 2.15 A typical neighborhood where high speed license free

WLAN service from the street might be contemplated [Dur98b].

Figure 2.16 Measured values of path loss using a street-mounted

lamp-post transmitter at 5.8 GHz, for various types of customer
premise antenna [from [Dur98], IEEE].

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Bluetooth and Personal Area

Networks (PANs)

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Personal Area Network (PAN)

Figure 2.17 Example of a Personal Area Network (PAN) as provided by the Bluetooth standard.

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Assignment 1
Create a table that lists all 2G, 2.5G and 3G
mobile telephone standards. Carefully research the
latest sources to determine the following
parameters for each standard:
a) RF channel bandwidth
b) Peak data rate
c) Typical data rate
d) Responsible standard body
e) Maximum number of concurrent users
f) Modulation type
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