University

Boston College
Brandeis University
Brown University
California Institute of Technology
Carnegie Mellon University
Case Western Reserve Univ.
College of William and Mary
Columbia University
Cornell University
Dartmouth College
Duke University
Emory University
Georgetown University
Harvard University
Johns Hopkins University
Lehigh University
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology
New York University
Northwestern University
Pennsylvania State Univ.
Princeton University
Rice University
Stanford University
Tufts University
Tulane University
U. of CaliforniaBerkeley
U. of CaliforniaDavis
U. of CaliforniaIrvine
U. of CaliforniaLos Angeles
U. of CaliforniaSan Diego
U. of CaliforniaSanta Barbara
U. of Chicago
U. of Florida
U. of IllinoisUrbana Champaign
U. of MichiganAnn Arbor
U. of North CarolinaChapel Hill
U. of Notre Dame
U. of Pennsylvania
U. of Rochester
U. of Southern California
U. of TexasAustin
U. of Virginia
U. of Washington
U. of WisconsinMadison

State
MA
MA
RI
CA
PA
OH
VA
NY
NY
NH
NC
GA
DC
MA
MD
PA
MA
NY
IL
PA
NJ
TX
CA
MA
LA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
IL
FL
IL
MI
NC
IN
PA
NY
CA
TX
VA
WA
WI

Graduation
Rate
85
79
93
85
75
72
89
90
91
94
92
84
91
97
89
81
92
72
90
80
95
92
92
87
72
83
74
74
78
80
70
84
67
77
83
82
94
90
76
70
66
92
70
73

Vanderbilt University
Wake Forest University
Washington UniversitySt. Louis
Yale University

TN
NC
MO
CT

82
82
86
94

% of Classes Under
20
39
68
60
65
67
52
45
69
72
61
68
65
54
73
64
55
65
63
66
32
68
62
69
67
56
58
32
42
41
48
45
65
31
29
51
40
53
65
63
53
39
44
37
37

Student-Faculty
Ratio
13
8
8
3
10
8
12
7
13
10
8
7
10
8
9
11
6
13
8
19
5
8
7
9
12
17
19
20
18
19
20
4
23
15
15
16
13
7
10
13
21
13
12
13

Alumni Giving
Rate
25
33
40
46
28
31
27
31
35
53
45
37
29
46
27
40
44
13
30
21
67
40
34
29
17
18
7
9
13
8
12
36
19
23
13
26
49
41
23
22
13
28
12
13

68
59
73
77

9
11
7
7

31
38
33
50

Graduation
Rate
85
79
93
85
75
72
89
90
91
94
92
84
91
97
89
81
92
72
90
80
95
92
92
87
72
83
74
74
78
80
70
84
67
77
83
82
94
90
76
70

Alumni Giving % of Classes Under

Rate
20
25
33
40
46
28
31
27
31
35
53
45
37
29
46
27
40
44
13
30
21
67
40
34
29
17
18
7
9
13
8
12
36
19
23
13
26
49
41
23
22

39
68
60
65
67
52
45
69
72
61
68
65
54
73
64
55
65
63
66
32
68
62
69
67
56
58
32
42
41
48
45
65
31
29
51
40
53
65
63
53

Student-Faculty
Ratio

13
8
8
90
3
10
80
8
70
12
60
7
50
13
% of classes under 20 40
10
30
8
20
7
10
10
0
8
0
9
11
6
13
25
8
19
20
5
8
15
7
Student Faculty Ratio
10
9
12
5
17
19
0
20
18
19
20
4
23
15 Graduation Rate
15 Alumni Giving Rat
16 % of Classes Unde
13 Student-Faculty Ra
7
10
1A: Alumini giving vs gr
13
- Strong positive linear r

- Higher graduation rate

1B: Alumini giving vs %

- Moderate positive linea

66
92
70
73
82
82
86
94

13
28
12
13
31
38
33
50

39
44
37
37
68
59
73
77

21
13
12
13
9
11
7
7

1A: Alumini giving vs gr

- Strong positive linear r
- Higher graduation rate

1B: Alumini giving vs %

- Moderate positive linea

1C: Alumini giving vs stu

- Scatter plot doesn't ind
- Correlation suggests n
- Higher student-faculty

90

120

80

100

70
60

80

50

% of classes under 20

Graduation Rate

40
30

60
40

20
20

10
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

10

Alumni Giving Rate

25

% of classes under 20
Number of classes with less t

20

Student-faculty ratio
(Number of students)/(numbe

15

Student Faculty Ratio

Alumni giving rate:

Percentage of alumni who do

10
5
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Alumni Giving Rate

Graduation RateAlumni Giving

%Rate
of Classes Under
Student-Faculty
20
Ratio
1
0.7559435914
1
0.5827884316 0.645650419
1
-0.6049379351 -0.742397463 -0.785559252
1

1A: Alumini giving vs graduation rate

- Strong positive linear relationship
- Higher graduation rate is correlated with a higher alumini rate

1B: Alumini giving vs % of classes under 20

- Moderate positive linear relationship

1A: Alumini giving vs graduation rate

- Strong positive linear relationship
- Higher graduation rate is correlated with a higher alumini rate

1B: Alumini giving vs % of classes under 20

- Moderate positive linear relationship

1C: Alumini giving vs student-faculty ratio

- Scatter plot doesn't indicate a linear relationship, seems scattered
- Correlation suggests negative relationship
- Higher student-faculty ratio, lower alumini giving rate

120
100
80

Graduation Rate

60
40
20
0

10

20

30

40

50

Alumni Giving Rate

% of classes under 20
Number of classes with less than 20 students
Student-faculty ratio
(Number of students)/(number of faculty staff)
Alumni giving rate:
Percentage of alumni who donate to the uni

60

70

80

Graduation Alumni Giving

Rate
Rate
85
79
93
85
75
72
89
90
91
94
92
84
91
97
89
81
92
72
90
80
95
92
92
87
72
83
74
74
78
80
70
84
67
77
83
82
94
90
76
70

25
33
40
46
28
31
27
31
35
53
45
37
29
46
27
40
44
13
30
21
67
40
34
29
17
18
7
9
13
8
12
36
19
23
13
26
49
41
23
22

SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple R
0.755943591
R Square
0.571450713
Adjusted R Squ0.562134424
Standard Error 8.894328114
Observations
48
ANOVA
df
Regression
Residual
Total

SS
1 4852.461827
46 3639.01734
47 8491.479167

Coefficients Standard Error

Intercept
-68.76118278 12.58265573
Graduation Ra 1.180515999 0.150731479

RESIDUAL OUTPUT
Observation
Predicted Alumni Giving Residuals
Rate
1 31.58267717 -6.582677165
2 24.49958117 8.500418831
3 41.02680516 -1.02680516
4 31.58267717 14.41732283
5 19.77751717 8.222482828
6 16.23596917 14.76403083
7 36.30474116 -9.304741163
8 37.48525716 -6.485257162
9 38.66577316 -3.665773161
10 42.20732116 10.79267884
11 39.84628916 5.153710839
12 30.40216117 6.597838834
13 38.66577316 -9.665773161
14 45.74886916 0.251130843
15 36.30474116 -9.304741163
16 26.86061317 13.13938683
17 39.84628916 4.153710839

66
92
70
73
82
82
86
94

13
28
12
13
31
38
33
50

18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48

16.23596917 -3.235969174
37.48525716 -7.485257162
25.68009717 -4.680097169
43.38783716 23.61216284
39.84628916 0.153710839
39.84628916 -5.846289161
33.94370916 -4.943709164
16.23596917 0.764030826
29.22164517 -11.22164517
18.59700117 -11.59700117
18.59700117 -9.597001173
23.31906517 -10.31906517
25.68009717 -17.68009717
13.87493718 -1.874937175
30.40216117 5.597838834
10.33338918 8.666610823
22.13854917 0.861450829
29.22164517 -16.22164517
28.04112917 -2.041129167
42.20732116 6.792678841
37.48525716 3.514742838
20.95803317 2.041966829
13.87493718 8.125062825
9.152873178 3.847126822
39.84628916 -11.84628916
13.87493718 -1.874937175
17.41648517 -4.416485173
28.04112917 2.958870833
28.04112917 9.958870833
32.76319316 0.236806835
42.20732116 7.792678841
49.29041716
-56.95602278

t-crit (sig = 5
t-stat

2.012895599
7.83191413

MS
F
Significance F
4852.461827 61.33887894 5.23818E-010
79.1090726

t Stat
P-value
Lower 95%
Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0%
-5.464759132 0.000001821 -94.08875511 -43.43361045 -94.08875511 -43.43361045
7.83191413 5.23818E-010 0.877109269 1.48392273 0.877109269 1.48392273

Graduation Rate Residual Plot

30
20

Residuals

10
0
65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

-10
-20

Graduation Rate

2A: state regression equation

(alumini giving rate)hat = -68.76(hat) + 1.18(hat)(graduate rate)
graduate rate has no hat because it is the observed value
( )=(68.76)+(1.18)( )
2B: interpret R^2 value
Approximately 57.15% of the variation in alumini giving rate can be explained by the variation in
the graduation rate

2C: interpret coefficient estimates and analyse its significance

intercept: it is estimated by the regression equation (or on average) that for a graduation rate of

( )=(68.76)+(1.18)( )
2B: interpret R^2 value
Approximately 57.15% of the variation in alumini giving rate can be explained by the variation in
the graduation rate

2C: interpret coefficient estimates and analyse its significance

intercept: it is estimated by the regression equation (or on average) that for a graduation rate of
0 and holding all other conditions constant, the alumni giving rate would be -68.76, which is an
unfeasible observation.
gradient/slope: it is estimated by the regression equation that for a 1 increase in the graduation
rate, on average the alumini giving rate will increase by 1.18 , holding all else constant
significance: _ :_= , _:_ , =.
t-stat = 7.83
t-crit = 2.01
t-stat > t-crit
At 5% significance level, we have sufficient evidence to reject H0 and conclude that B1 is
significant
2D: Plot the residuals fromt he estimated regression model and comment
- NB: residuals basically error term, so we want a mean of about 0 for residuals
- scattered, not constant variance, clustering --> could be an issue
- could be correlation between residuals and regression

4A: simple regression model

y = -68.7612*-1.180516(100) = 49.29
y = -68.7612*-1.180516(10) = -56.96
4B:

100

ained by the variation in

t for a graduation rate of

ained by the variation in

t for a graduation rate of

be -68.76, which is an

ncrease in the graduation

else constant

nclude that B1 is

iduals

Graduation
Rate
85
79
93
85
75
72
89
90
91
94
92
84
91
97
89
81
92
72
90
80
95
92
92
87
72
83
74
74
78
80
70
84
67
77
83
82
94
90
76
70
66
92
70

% of Classes
Under 20
39
68
60
65
67
52
45
69
72
61
68
65
54
73
64
55
65
63
66
32
68
62
69
67
56
58
32
42
41
48
45
65
31
29
51
40
53
65
63
53
39
44
37

StudentAlumni Giving
Faculty Ratio
Rate
13
8
8
3
10
8
12
7
13
10
8
7
10
8
9
11
6
13
8
19
5
8
7
9
12
17
19
20
18
19
20
4
23
15
15
16
13
7
10
13
21
13
12

25
33
40
46
28
31
27
31
35
53
45
37
29
46
27
40
44
13
30
21
67
40
34
29
17
18
7
9
13
8
12
36
19
23
13
26
49
41
23
22
13
28
12

SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple R
R Square
Adjusted R Squ
Standard Error
Observations
ANOVA
Regression
Residual
Total

Intercept
Graduation Ra
% of Classes U
Student-Facult

RESIDUAL OUTPUT
Observation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

73
82
82
86
94

37
68
59
73
77

13
9
11
7
7

13
31
38
33
50

19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48

MARY OUTPUT

Regression Statistics
0.836624531
0.699940606
0.679482011
7.609724781
48

df

tcrit(graduation)
tcrit(%of classes)
tcrit(student faculty)

2.015367574
#NAME?
#NAME?

SS
MS
F
Significance F
3 5943.531072 1981.177024 34.21254509 1.43233E-011
44 2547.948094 57.90791124
47 8491.479167

Coefficients Standard Error

t Stat
P-value
Lower 95%
Upper 95%
-20.72013433 17.52136501 -1.182563933 0.243333057 -56.03212523 14.59185658
0.748182799 0.165959959 4.508212716 0.00004799 0.413712479 1.08265312
0.029040648 0.139321322 0.208443674 0.835844489 -0.251743027 0.309824323
-1.192010694 0.386723104 -3.082336383 0.003538403 -1.971399899 -0.41262149

Graduation Rate Residual Plot

DUAL OUTPUT
Predicted Alumni Giving Residuals
Rate
28.51184988 -3.511849876
30.82498535 2.175014651
41.06721935 -1.067219354
41.18701367 4.812986329
25.41919211 2.580807885
25.12305538 5.876944618
32.87083566 -5.870835656
40.27604748 -9.276047484
33.95928806 1.040711937
39.46042141 13.53957859
40.55136174 4.44863826
35.6707881 1.329211905
37.01258848 -8.012588478
44.43747898 1.562521022
36.99864006 -9.998640055
28.36779044 11.63220956
42.84826118 1.151738816
19.48244904 -6.482449041

Residuals

25
20
15
10
5
0
65
-5
-10
-15

70

75

80

85

Graduation Rate

% of Classes Under 20 Residual

30
20

Residuals

10
0
20
-10

30

40

50

-20

% of Classes Under 20

-10
-20

% of Classes Under 20

38.99691485 -8.996914845
17.41558718 3.584412824
46.37194222 20.62805778
40.37711785 -0.377117851
41.77241308 -7.772413083
35.5893964 -6.589396401
20.4711752 -3.471175198
22.79921382 -4.799213816
12.92649038 -5.92649038
12.02488617 -3.024886168
17.37259811 -4.372598106
17.88023755 -9.880237548
9.119276915 2.880723085
39.24682018 -3.246820178
2.892127359 16.10787264
19.85195961 3.14804039
24.97995067 -11.97995067
22.72031004 3.279689957
35.65206414 13.34793586
40.15988489 0.840115109
26.05121232 -3.051212321
17.69567696 4.30432304
4.760291134 8.239708866
33.89433271 -5.894332712
18.42303728 -6.423037283
19.47557499 -6.475574987
31.87752305 -0.877523053
29.23213583 8.76786417
37.39947888 -4.399478879
43.50110387 6.498896133

Student-Faculty Ratio Residual P

30
20

Residuals

10
0
-10

10

15

-20

Student-Faculty Ratio

2A: state regression equation

( )=(20.72)+(0.75)( )+(0.03)(%

tstat
4.50821272
0.208443674
-3.0823364

2B: interpret R^2 value

Approximately 70.00% of the variation in alumni rate can be
students, and the student-faculty ratio.

2C: interpret coefficient estimates and analyse its significanc

intercept: it is estimate by the regression equation that for
unfeasible observation.
gradient/slope: it is estimated by the regression equation t
rate will increase by 1.18
significance: _:_=, _:_ , =.
if tstat>tcrit, reject. if tstat<tcrit, fail to reject
Graduation and Student-faculty ratio are significant
% of classes under 20 is not significant
Lower 95.0%
-56.03212523
0.413712479
-0.251743027
-1.971399899

2D: Plot the residuals fromt he estimated regression model a

Graduation: non-constant variance
% under 20: clustering

Upper 95.0%
14.59185658
1.08265312
0.309824323
-0.41262149

Rate Residual Plot

80

85

4B: Predictions
y = -20.72+0.75(50)+0.029(50)-1.19(1) = 16.95
y = -20.72+0.75(100)+0.029(50)-1.19(1) = 54.36

90

95

100

Graduation Rate

nder 20 Residual Plot

50

% of Classes Under 20

60

70

80

16.94902736
54.35816733

% of Classes Under 20

y Ratio Residual Plot

10

15

Student-Faculty Ratio

20

25

 )+(0.03)(% 20)(1.19)(/ )

in alumni rate can be explained by the variation in graduate rate, % of classes under 20l

analyse its significance

ion equation that for a graduation rate of 0, the alumni giving rate would be -68.76, which is an
regression equation that for a 1 increase in the graduation rate, on average the alumini giving

, =.
o reject

e significant

ed regression model and comment

(1) = 16.95
9(1) = 54.36

0l

hich is an

ni giving