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IS 1068:1993
( Superseding
Is 4827,
( Reaffirmed 2006 )
Indian Standard
BUREAU
MANAK
OF
BHAVAN,
BIS 1993
INDIAN
9 BAHADUR
NEW DELHI
July 1993
STANDARDS
SHAH ZAFAR
MARG
110002
Price Group 7
Metallic
and Non-Metallic
Sectional
Commi(tee,
MTD 20
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Third Revision)
was adopted by the Bureau
draft finalized by the M,etallic and Non-Metallic
Firlis!les Sectional
by the Metallurgical
Engineering
Division Council.
of Indian
Standards,
Committee had been
after the
approved
of this standard
- Electroplated
considerable
assistance has been derived from IS0 1456 : 1988
coatings of nickel plus chromium and of copper plus nickel PIUS
IS 1068:. 1993
Indian Standard
3 SIGNIFICANT
4 INFORMATION
TO BE SUPPLIED
BY THE
PURCHASER
TO THE ELECTROPLATER
4.1 Essential
4.1.1
Title
3203 : 1982
5528 : 1985
Method
of testing
corrosion
resistance
of electroplated
and
anodized
aluminium
coating by
copper accelerated acetic acid salt
spray (CASS) test (first revision )
6009 : 1970
6910 : 1985
Method
of testing
corrosion
resistance
of electroplated
and
anodized aluminium
coatings by
acetic acid salt spray test ( first
revision )
8038 : 1985
Method
of testing
corrosion.
resistance
of metallic and nonorganic coatings by corrodkote test
( first revision )
Information
When ordering
articles
to be electroplated
in
accordance with this standard, the purchaser shall
provide the following information.
2 REFERENCES
IS No.
SURFACE
The number
of this standard.
service condition
severity
of the
coated arl.icle or
particular coating
of results of
tests
test to be used.
IS 1068 : 1993
4.1.6
g) The
Information
Fe/Cu%O Ni30b Cr mc
4.23
5 CLASSIFXCATION~
5.1 Service Condition
Number
used by the
of protection
the conditions
in accordance
4 =
3 =
2 =
1 =
0 =
Extremely severe
Severe
Moderate
Mild
Bxceptionally mild
7 COATING REQUIREMENTS
Classification
7.1 Appearance
Code
OF STEEL
7.2.1 General
b) The
IS 1068 : 1993
Test methods for detemtining
specified in 9.1.
Table 2A
Table
Service ComdlUom
Namtbcr
4
h-vice
ClmssUhUom
FeiTVi 4Od Cr I
Fe/Ni 306 Cr mc
Fe/T% 30d Cr mp
Fe/M 4Op Cr r
Fe/Ni 3op Cr mc
Fe/Ni 3@ Cr mp
Zn/Cu Ni 35b Cr mc
Zn/Cu Ni 35b Cr mp
ZmCu Ni 25d Cr r
Zn/Cu Ni 20d Cr mc
Zn/Cu Ni 206 Cr mp
FefTVi 30p Cr r
Fe/M 25p Cr mc
Fe/Ni 25p Cr mp
Z&u Ni 25p Cr r
Zn/Cu Ni 2Op Cr mc
Z&u Ni 20p Cr mp
Fe/Ni 4Ob Cr r
Fe/Ni 30b Cr mc
FeiNi 30b Cr mp
FeiNi 2Ob Cr r
Fe/Ni 10b Cr r
Fe/Ni 05b Cr r
Zn/Cu Ni 35b Cr r
ZnKu Ni 25b Cr mc
Z&u Ni 25b Cr mp
Table
Service
Comditiom
NUlllbW
ClmssUiatIom
Code
7.2.2
Fe/Cu 05 Ni 05b Cr r
NOTE -All
the nickel coatings given in Table 2A are applied
over an undercoat of cdpper having a thickness of at least 8
pm [see 5.2(b) and 7.221. However, for articles of complex
shape, the minimum thickness of copper on the significant
surface may need to he increased to 10 pm or 12 pm in order
to achieve adequate coverage on low-current areas outside the
significant surfaces.
Fe/Cu 20 Ni 35b Cr r
FeKu 20 Ni 25b Cr mc
Fe/Cu 20 Ni 25b Cr mp
Fe/Cu 10 Ni 05b Cr r
substituted
substituted
1. p and d
condition
Fe/Cu 15 Ni 25p Cr r
Fe/Cu 15 Ni 2% Cr mc
Fe/Cu 15 Ni 20p Cr mp
Fe/Cu 20 Ni lob Cr r
Zn/Cu Ni Oftb Cr r
Fe/Cu 15 Ni 25d Cr r
Fe/C% 15 Ni 2Od Cr mc
Fe/Cu 15 Ni 20d Cr mp
0 and 1
Fe/Cu 20 Ni 3Op Cr r
Fe/Cu 20 Ni 25p Cr mc
Fe/Cu 20 Ni 25p Cr mp
Zn/Cu Ni 15b Cr r
1 s nickel may be
chromium may be
conditions 3, 2 and
b nickel for service
Fe/Cu 20 Ni 30b Cr mc
Fe/Cu 20 Ni 30b Cr mp
NOTES
Fe/Cu 20 Ni 3Od Cr r
Fe/Cu 20 Ni 25d Cr mc
FeKu 20 Ni 25d Cr mp
4
Code
Z&u Ni 35p Cr r
Z&u Ni 25p Cr mc
ZtuCu Ni 25p Cr mp
Fe/Ni 30d Cr r
FeJNi 2Sd Cr mc
Fe-/Ni 2M Cr mp
Zn/Cu Ni 35d Cr r
ZtQCu Ni 25d Cr mc
ZnKu Ni 25d Cr mp
Code
CIasaUlat&m
Comditiom
Number
7.2.3
by the classification
IS 1068 : 1993
Table 4 Coatings of Nickel Plus Chromium
Aluminium or Aluminium
Alloys
(Clauses 3.1, 5.3, 7.2.1 and 7.2.4.1)
sa-vice condition
CIassf5catfon
Code
Nlllllber
classulcauon
Code
Al/Ni 5Od Cr r
Al/Ni 35d Cr mc
AilNi 35d Cr mp
Zn/Cu 20 Ni 3Od Cr I
ZtKu 20 Ni 20d Cr mc
Z&u 20 Ni 2Od Cr mp
4
Zn!Cu 20 Ni 30~ Cr r
Zn/Cu 20 Ni 20~ Cr mc
Zn/Cu 20 Ni 20~ Cr mp
AIM 30d Cr r
AVNi 25d Cr mc
AWNi 25d Cr mp
AUNi Up Cr r
Audi 30~ Cr mc
AbNi 3Op Cr mp
At/f% 20b Cr r
0 and 1
At/Ni 10b Cr r
Zn/Cu 20 Ni 30d Cr mc
Zn/Cu 20 Ni 30d Cr mp
Zn/Cu 15 Ni 20d Cr r
Zn/Cu 15 Ni 15d Cr mc
ZtVCu 15 Ni 15d Cr mp
on
N0W.S
ZKu 20 Ni 30b Cr r
Zn/Cu 20 Ni 20b Cr mc
Zn/Cu 20 Ni 20b Cr mp
Zn/Cu 15 Ni 20~ Cr r
Zn/Cu 15 Ni 15~ Cr mc
Zn/Cu 15 Ni 15~ Cr mp
2
Zn/Cu 20 Ni lob Cr r
0 and 1
,
S
on
coatings; the
d for double or triple-layer
requirements for such coatings are given in
Table 5.
ClaasiflatIon
COdC
sa-vke conduion
NUlEbcr
by
.NOTES
Cu/Ni 30d Cr r
Cu/Ni sd Cr mc
Cu/Ni 2Sd Cr mp
Cu/Ni 30p Cr r
Cu/Ni 25p Cr mc
Cu/Ni 25p Cr mp
Cu/Ni 30b Cr mc
Cu/Ni 30b Cr mp
Cu/Ni 25b Cr r
Cu/Ni lob Cr r
Cu/Ni 05b Cr r
CuMi 03b Cr r
follows:
-
IS 1068 : 1993
-
Micro-cracked
chromium
mc) - minimum thickness
Notes 1 and 2)
Micro-cracked
chromium
(designated
mp) minimum
thickness 0.3 pm
Note 2)
7.3 Adhesion
(designated
Cr
of 0.3 pm (see
Cr
(see
Resistance
Micro-porous
chromium (designated Cr mp
0.5) minimum
thickness 0.5 pm (see
Note 2)
NOTES
8 SELECTION
2 There may be some loss of lustre after a period of service in
the case of mp or mc chromium deposits which may be
unacceptable in some applications. This tendency may be reduced
by increasing the minimum chromium coating thickness to 0.5 pm
in every case where micro-porous or micro-cracked chromium is
specified in Tables 1A to 4.
7.2.4.2
9 METHODS
OF TEST
9.1 Thickness
chromium;
Cr mc for micro-cracked
chromium which,
when tested by the method described in
Annex EZ, has more than 250 cracks per
centimetre in any direction and form a closed
network
over
the whole
significant
surface;
Cr mp for micro-porous
chromium which,
when tested by the method specified in
Annex E, contains at least 10 000 pores per
square centimetre (see Note).
NOTE -This
type of coating is often achieved by depositing
chromium over a special thin nickel layer which cohtains inert
non-conducting particles, the special nickel layer being applied
on top of b, s, p or d nickel.
Table 5 Requirements
OF SAMPLES
(Clause 7.2.3.2)
Layer
flYFo.,,,kel
SpedtlC
Elongation
Percent
(see Note 1)
Sulphur
of
Percent (m/m)
(see Note 2)
>8
< 0.005
High-sulphur (b)
> 0.15
Top (b)
> 0.04
Bottom(s)
Thickness,IISP Percentage
content
Double Layer
.
Triple Layer
+ 60
L 50
Middle
S 40
and 0.15
10
I 40
IS 1068 : 1993
9.1.3 The magnetic method specified in IS 3203 :
NOTES
1 The duration of tests is less when the basis metal fs copper
or copper alloy than when it is iron or steel, zinc alloy or
aluminium alloy. This is necessary since, for the same service
condition number, the nickel deposits on copper and copper
alloy are thinner than those on iron or s-1,
zinc alloyor
aluminium alloy. The use of these thinner and less corrosionresistant coatings is justified by the slower corrosion of copper
?nd copper alloys when the coating are penetrated.
9.2 Adhesion
Adhesion of the coating shall be tested by either the
tile test or the quenching methods specifiedin
Annexes I-I and J. There shall not be any detachment
of the coating from the substrate, or any separation
between layers of the coating.
9.3 Cotrosion
9.4 Ductihflity
Resistance
10 MARKING
10.1 .The material, may also & marked with the
Standard Mark.
Number
( CIawe 9.3.1 )
Be& Metal
Service
CASS Teat
CondiUon
Corrodkote
Test
(IS 8038 : 1985)
Acetic Acid
Salt Spray Test
(IS 6910 : 1985)
4
7
3
24
lb
2x16
16
144
96
-8
-8
488
Zinc alloy
4
3
2
1
24
16
8
-
2x16
16
8
-
144
96
48
8
copper or copper
alloy
4
3
2
1
16
-
96
24
8
-
Aluminium or
aluminium alroy
4
?
2
1
24
16
8
-
2x16
16
8
-
144
96
48
8
Steel
c
I
IS 1068 : 1993
ANNEX A
( Clause 5.1)
EXAMPLES
OF SERVICE CONDITIONS
FOR WHICH THE VARIOUS
CONDITION NUMBERS ARE APPROPRIATE
condition
4.
in
Service
outdoors
extremely severe corrosive
conditions
Service
condition
3.
SERVICE
Service condition
2.
Service condition
1.
Service condition
0.
Purely
applications
cosmetic
ANNEX B
( Clause 6.1 )
RECOMMENDATIONS
Recommendations
in Table 7.
and
Table 7 Recommendations
OF STEEL
of Steels
Before ICkdroplaliug
Steel Components Normally
Requiring Heat Treatment
qeckroplaltng
Heat treatment:
a)
General
recommendations
Tensile
Strargrh
MPa
>1OflOandc150
or
1 h minimum at a temperature of behvcen
190 and 21oOC
Maximum
Mbrimrtm Period
nl IW
Thickness
of Componetrr
IO 21ooc
mm
Less Ihan 13
12 IO 25
Over 25
4
1
24
4
8
Healing
IO
commence within
16 hours of plating
b)
Restrictions
IS 1068 : 1993
ANNEX
C-2 PRINCIPLE
Cut the test piece from the coated sheet with a guillotine
or flat shear. Round or chamfer the longer edges of
the test strip, at least on the plated side, by careful
filing or grinding.
C-4.2 Test
Bend the test piece (C-4.1) with the coated side in
tension, by steadily applied pressure, through 1800
over the mandrel (C-3) until the two ends of the test
piece are parallel. Ensure that contact between the
test piece and the mandrel is maintained during
bending. Examine the convex side of the bent test
piece visual1.y for cracks.
C-3 APPARATUS
Mandrel, diameter 11.5 + 1.0 mm.
C-4 PROCEDURE
C-4.1 Preparation
TEST
of Test Piece
C-5 EXPRESSION
OF RESULTS
ANNEX
( Clause 7.2.3.2 )
DETERMINATION
OF SULPHUR CONTENT
D-l.1
NICKEL
D-O GENERAL
D-l DETERMINATION
UY
AND
IODATE
TITRIMETRY
OF ELECTRODEPOSITED
D-l.2 Principle
COMBUSTION
IS 106.8 : 1*3
the blank to allow for the effects of crucibles and
accelerators.
Induction heating
essentially:
D-l.3 Interferences
iv)
v)
induction furnace.
A,
D-l.7 Procedure
solution
B,
Transfer
200 ml of the potassium
iodate
solution A (D-1.4.4) to a 1 000 ml one mark
volumetric flask, dilute to the mark and mix.
111g
the oxygen
iii)
3 percent (v/v).
comprising
D-l.4 Reagents
apparatus,
Apparatus
IS 1068 : 1993
appropriate standard materials ( we D-1.7.3 ) indicated
below:
&pected Sulpliur
Content
percent (m/m)
From 0.005 up to
and including 0.10
1.00 + 0.02
0.2Q f 0.02
of Results
D-1.7.3 Calibration
Select a minimum of two standards with sulphur
contents near the upper and lower limits of the
expected range for the test portion and also one near
the mean. The mean standard may be prepared, if
necessary, by taking equal amounts of each of the
other two, Weigh out appropriate amounts of each
standard and determine their sulphur contents using
the same procedure as specified in D-1.7.4.
F=
x 100
(v, - V,)
where
m, = mass, in grams, of the standard used in
the calibration determination;
-1.76 Determination
D-lr7.4.P Add 1 g of the iron chips (D-1.4.2),
0.8 g of the iron powder (D-1.4.3), and 0.9 g of the
tin (D-1.4.7) to the crucible (D-1.6). Add the test
portion (D-1.7.2) and close the crucible with its lid.
v,
xl00
where
v, = volume, in millilitres, of the standard
potassium iodate solution used in the
determination;
NOTES
1 Tbe oxygen flow rate may be adjusted to meet the
requirements of individual operators or equipment; however,
the flow rate has to be the same for the-test samples and the
standard samples.
2 Always
m, x a
m=
OF
SULPHIDE
D-2 DETERMINATION
FORMATION AND IODATE TITRIMETRY
D-2.1 Scope and Field of Application
This part of this annex specifies a titrimetric method
for the determination of the sulphur content of
electrodeposited nickel. It is applicable to products
having sulphur contents, expressed as S, in the range
0.005 to 0.2 percent (m/m).
10
IS 1068 : 1993
D-2.2 Principle
D-2.4
D-2.3 Reagents
Tbe Erlenmeyer
hot-plate.
D-2.4.2
Apparatus
4 Erlemneyer
b> a wash bottle
flask, of capacity
flask.
250 ml;
to
a receiving
Burette, of capacity
10 ml.
D-2.5 Procedure
D-2.3.1
Acid
D-2.5.2
Test Portion
as specified
in D-1.7.1.
Mass of Sample
g
(m/m)
0.005 to 0.07
0.05 to 0.2
1.00 -c 0.02
0.40 2 0.02
D-2.5.3 Determination
Starch-Iodide Solution
NOTE-Flow
of about 30 ml/min is satisfactory. If the sample
dissolves rapidly, the flow should be decreased during the time
that hydrogen is freely liberated.
test sample
percent
D-2.3.5
Prepare
Expected Sulphur
Content
Solution
D-2.3.4
D-2.5.1
fitted with
11
IS 1068 : 1993
RECIEVING
FLASK
D-2.5.3.6
Add 1 ml of the starch-iodide
solution (D-2.3.5), and 5 ml of the hydrochloric acid
solution (D-2.3.6) to the receiving flask and mix.
Titrate immediately with the standard potassium iodate
solution (D-2.3.4.1) from the 10 ml burette (D-2.4.2),
to the first blue colour. Draw some of the solution
into the delivery tube with a rubber bulb and release
along the neck of the flask to wash down any adhering
zinc sulphate. Swirl the solution of the flask to wash
the outside of the tube. Continue the titration to a
permanent blue colour.
(VI -
x loo
cv,-
V,) x 0.008
m
where
v,
ANNEX
(Clause 7.2.4.2)
DETERMINATION
E-l
IN
E-3 APPARATUS
IS 1068 : 1993
JneaJJs of which copper
on the test piece-.
E-4.2 Determination
Connect the. test piece and the anode to the current
supply before imnlersion.
ImnJerse both electrodes
in the plating
bath (E-3) and deposit copper
cathodically
on the prepared
test piece with a
cathode current density 30 A/n?. Use an immersion
time of approximately
1 to 5 Jnin at a tenlperalure
of lS to 24OC. The copper will deposit only on the
that is exposed
through
underlaying
nickel
discontinuities
( pores and cracks ) in the chrontium.
E-4 PROCEDURE
E-4.1 Preparation
Prepare
ANNEX F
(Clause 7.4 )
MODIFIED
FERROXYL
F-l GENERAL
This method reveals disconlinuities
such as pores,
in electroplated
nickel on iron or steel.
F-2 TEST
TEST
SOLUTION
F-4 REPORT
The following
report.
V-3 PROCEDURE
Filter paper strips are imnierscd in solution A, which
is kept sufficiently wart11 to keep the gelatine dissolved,
and then allowed to dry. Just before use, immerse
the dry filter paper strips in solutioJJ B just long
enough to thoroughly wet all of the filler paper. Firndy
press the filter paper against the thoroughly rlcaned
and degreased electroplated
nickel surface lo be
information
shall bc included
in the
tested.
IS 1068 : 1993
ANNEX
( Clause 9.1.1 )
DETERMINATION
OF CHROMIUM
BY COULOMETRIC
THICRNESS
METHOD
G-l PRINCIPLE
The method is based on the measurement of the
quantity of electricity required to dissolve anodicslly
an electrodeposited coating over a known area.
G-4 CALCULATION
G-3 PROCEDURE
Thickness, pm = -
x 12.6
where
ANNEX
( Clause 9.2 )
FILE TEST FOR ADHESION
from the basis metal to the coating at an angle of
approximately 45O to the coated surface.
H-l.2 There shall be no separation between the
coating and the basis metal nor between the layers
of a multiple coating.
ANNEX
( Clause 9.2 )
QUENCHING
Quenching
Temperature
J-l PROCEDURE
J-l.1 Heat a plated article for a sufficient time in
an oven for it to reach the temperature shown in
Table 8 with a tolerance of +lOC. Then quench the
part in water at room temperature. The appearance
of blisters or peeling shall give evidence of inadequate
adhesion.
( &use
subsrnte
S&l
J-l.1 )
Temperaturq
Zinc alloys
Copper and copper alloys
Aluminium and aluminium alloy
14
250
150
250
220
Oc
Test.
Text Affected
Date of Issue
BUREAU
OF
INDIAN
STANDARDS
Headquarters:
Telegrams: Manaksanstha
( Common to
all offices )
Telephone
Regional Offices:
323 76 17
323 3841
337 84 99,337 85 61
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AMENDMENT
NO. 1 NOVEMBER
1999
TO
IS 1068 : 1993 ELECTROPLATED
COATINGS OF
NICKEL PLUS CHROMIUM AND COPPER PLUS
NICKEL PLUS CHROMIUM - SPECIFICATION
( Third Revision)
(Page 6, clause 9.1.4 ) -
Delete.
(MTD20)