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and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
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timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.
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(Reaffirmed 2001)
Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR
CARBON STEEL FORGINGS FOR
SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY
( First Revision)
Steel Forgings Sectional Committee,
Chairman
SHBI B. IL ANANTHAXAMIAH
SMDC 21
Representing
WG Forge & Allied Industries Ltd, Thane,
Bombay
Members
SEBI B. CHATTERJE
SHBI S. K. DUTTA
Steel
Copyright
1981
INDIAN STANDARDS
INSTITUTION
This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
( Continuedfrom
page 1 )
Representing
Members
SHRI C. M. PRASAD
DR G. RAI
DR S. K. MUKHFRJEE (
SHRI S. P. RAO
SHRI R. N. SAHA
Alternate)
Subcommittee
Engineering
Convener
SHRI R. C. JHA
of India
Steel Authority
Plant ), Durgapur
Ltd
( Alloy
Steels
Mem hers
M. THAKUR ( Alternate to
Shri R. C. Jha )
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR ( MS )
SHRI
SHRI K. N. BAJAJ
DR A. Y. DE~ANI
SHRI C. R. GEOSH ( Alternate )
SHRI H. A. TAISIN~HANI
Research,
Designs and Standards Organization,
Lucknow
Metal Forging Pvt Ltd, New Delhi
Mukand Iron and Steel Works Ltd, Bombay
Mahindra
& Mahindra
Ltd, Bombay
( Continued on page 16 )
I$ : 3261-1980
Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR
CARBON STEEL FORGINGS FOR
SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY
( First Revision )
0.
FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Indian
Standards Institution on 10 December 1980, after the draft finalized by
the Steel Forgings Sectional Committee had been approved by the
Structural and Metals Division Council.
0.2 This standard was first published in 1966. On the basis of experience
gained in the production and use of forgings it has been decided to revise
the standard.
0.3 The following major modifications have been incorporated in this
revision:
a) Steel designation has been included in accordance with IS : 1762
( Part I )-1974*.
b) Provision for check analysis has been made.
c) Several additional
grades of carbon steel which are used for
production of forgings for shipbuilding
industry have been
included.
0.4 This standard contains clauses 4.2, 4.4 and 6.2.2 which permit the
purchaser to use his option for selection to suit his requirements.
0.5 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this
standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS : 2-1960t.
The number of significant places retained in the rounded
off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers the requirements
forgings required for shipbuilding purposes.
for 8 grades
symbols
of carbon
( &1 revision ),
steel
tS : 32619 19%0
2. TERMINOLOGY
2.1 For the purpose of this standard,
shall apply.
3. SUPPLY
the definitions
given in IS : 1956*
OF MATERIAL
to the
SUDD~V
II
4. MANUFACTURE
4.1 Forgings shall be manufactured from killed steel produced by the
open hearth, electric or any other process approved by the inspecting
authority.
4.2 Forgings shall be brought as nearly as possible to the finished
_ _shape
and size by hot working and shall, where practicable, be so worked as to
cause grain flow in the most favourable
direction for resisting the
service stresses, which should be made known to the supplier by the
purchaser.
4.3 Except as specified in 4.3.1 to 4.3.3, and unless otherwise approved
by the inspecting authority, the maximum cross-sectional
area of any
part of the forgings ( as forged ) shall not exceed:
a) l/3 A where the length of any section is greater than its diameter,
and
b) 213 A where the length of any section is less than its diameter.
where A is average sectional area of the ingot or of the ingot after
upsetting, if such an operation is involved.
4.3.1 Turbine discs
made from cylindrical
bloom or billet,
The
stamped ) shall not be
which it was formed.
tS 1 3i41.
( as forged ) shall not trtceed one-half of the average
of the ingot or upset bloom.
cross-sectional
i9b0
area
5.1 The composition of the carbon steel for large forgings having a ruling
section greater than 150 mm as well as for small forgings intended for
stressed applications when analysed in accordance with relevant parts of,
IS : 228* shall be as given in Table 1.
5.1.1 Check Analysis - The check analysis shall be conducted on
finished forging. The permissible deviation in case of check analysis from
the limits specified in Table 1 shall be as follows:
*Methods
of chemical
Part I
analysis of steels:
Determination
of carbon
by
O*l percent ( secondrevision )
Part II
volumetric
method
( for
carbon
>
Determination
of manganese
in plain carbon and low alloy steels
( Arsenitic method ) ( second reuzsion )
Part III
Determination of phosphorus ( Alkalimetric method ) ( second r&&n )
Part IV Determination
of carbon
( gravimetric
method ) for carbon >
0.1 percent ( second revision )
Part VIII
Determination
of silicon by gravimetric
method ( for silicon >
0.1 percent ) ( second
revision)
Part IX
Determination of sulphur in plain carbon
steels by evolution
method
( second revision )
Constituent, Percent
Carbon:
up to 0.25
Over 0.25 up to and
including 0.50
Over 0.50
Silicon
Manganese
Sulphur
Phosphorus
ho.02
f003
f0*04
f0.05
f0.04
kO.03
AO.04
&0*005
&-0.005
-&O*OS
f0.04
f0.07
&O*OlO
fO*OlO
5.2 Elements not specified in Table 1 shall not be added to the steel,
except when agreed to, other than for the purpose of finishing the heat
and shall not exceed the following limits:
Constituent
Nickel
Chromium
Copper
Molybdenum
Vanadium
Tin
6. HEAT
Percent
0.25
0.25
0.35
0.05
005
0.05
TREATMENT
6.1 At an appropriate
operations,
each
forging
shall be applied to
by cooling
above the
in a uniform
IS : 3261- 1980
b) normalized
c) hardened by quenching
followed by tempering.
TABLE
1 CHEMICAL
method,
COMPOSITION
( Ciausc 5.1 )
CLASS
DESIGNATION
[seeIS:
1762
( PART I )-1974* ]
CONSTITUENT, PERCENT
~___--_-___-_~h__--_-___-__-~
Silicon
Manganese
Sulphur,
Carbon
Max
(3)
(4)
0.10
0.15
060
$0
0?5
OZO
0.15
815
25C8
oTo25
0.20
3OC8
3A
35C8
45C8
Phos;h;hxorus,
a
(6)
(7)
0.050
0.050
0.60
0.050
0.050
oG5
0.15
OZO
0.60
0.050
0*050
dp30
O-25
0?5
815
,fp,O
0.60
0.050
0.050
otp35
830
ot.035
0.15
otso
0.60
0 050
0.050
GO
6.035
0.40
0.15
GO
0.60
0,050
0.050
dp50
0.50
Otz5
5568
P,O
0.60
0.050
0.050
65C6
,GO
0.60
ofp35
0.15
Go
0.60
0.050
0.050
GO
0?5
GO
0.050
(1)
(2)
1A
15C8
2OC8
2A
(5)
o-15
ot
for ship
or machinery,
0.050
carbon
content
NOTE 2 - For turbine rotors, discs and spindles, turbine driven generators,
rotors and compressor rotors carbon content shall not exceed 0.45 percent.
NOTE 3 - Where mechanical
tests are required from forgings in either the
radial or the tangential direction or both, the sulphur and the phosphorus contents
of the steel shall not be more than 0.040 percent each.
NOTE 4 0.040 percent.
content
by oxygen
process,
the nitrogen
content
IS : 3261-
1980
Carbon, Percent
r_______h--___--~
Over
Up to and
including
Cl*40
0.50
0.35
0.40
500
0.30
0.35
700
O-25
0.30
900
1 000
400
0.25
( stress relieved
) after normalizing
without
prior
OF TESTS
where quantity
production
is involved,
batch
In such cases, forgings shall be presented
for
groups
of the same cast and the same heat
7.4 For forgings of turbine rotors and spindles, turbine driven generators,
rotors and compressor
rotors, at least one longitudinal
tensile and one
cold bend test piece shall be taken to represent
the material
of each
( or multiple
forgings ) exceeding
both 3 000 kg in weight
forging
t$ : 3261- 1980
and 1.83 m in length
test piece shall be taken
bend
Tensile
TESTS
FOR
GENERAL
CARBON
Test
and
out on standard
percentage
test
elongation
8.1.2.1
Yield stress shall be determined
when
For crank
purchaser for certain machinery
forgings.
yield stress shall be 210 N/mms.
8.2
STEEL
pieces prepared
of the
forgings
so specified by the
webs, the minimum
Bend Test
machined
to a rectangular
section of
where the specified minimum tensile
560 N/mm2 or 20 mm wide x 10 mm
tensile strength
exceeds 560 N/mmz.
rounded to a radius of not more than
in accordance
with IS : 1599-1974t.
wire and
tube,
IS : 3261.1960
TABLE
TENSILE
TEST
( Clause 8.1.2 )
ACTUAL TENSILE
STRENGTH N/mm=
390
,,
440
27
22
25
21
,,
440
,,
490
23
19
,,
,,
490
540
>, 540
,, 590
22
18
20
16
,,
590
,,
640
18
14
,.
640
,,
690
16
12
NOTE 1 79 N/mma.
NOTE 2 - Where tensile test pieces are taken from each end of a forging
or multiple forging, the test results shall not vary by more than 63 N/mmS.
8.2.3 Bend test pieces shall withstand, without fracture, being bent
cold through 180 round a former having diameter not greater than that
specified in Table 3 according to the tensile strength.
The test pieces
shall be bent over the thinner section.
TABLE
TENSILE STRENGTH
N/mm2
up to 490
Over
INTERNAL
DIAMETER
490 up to 590
Over 590
,,
OF BEND
690
Over 690
14 t
2t
2t
4t
3t
5t
ts t 3i6i
19&o
Test
9.1.1 Tensile test shall be carried out on standard test pieces prepared
in accordance with IS : 1608-1972*.
For longitudinal and transverse test
pieces, the cross-sectional
area shall not be less than l-6 ems and for
radial test pieces not less than 0.65 ems.
9.1.2 The percentage elongation, when determined
IS : 1608- 1972*, shall be as given in Table 4.
TABLE
SPECIFIED MINIWJM
TENSILE STRENGTH
N/mm*
440
490
540
590
690
780
880
980
PERCENTAGE
ELONGATION,
MINIMUM PERCENTAGE
ELONGATIONFOR GAUQE
LENQTH OF 5.65 l/s
_-.____A-__--~
I
R
T
L
24
23
20
19
17
16
22
19
17
16
15
14
17
16
14
12
11
10
15
14
12
10
-
in accordance
with
Min
MAXIMUM DIAMETEROF
FORMERFOR BEND TEST
r-------___~
180
L
2t
2t
22/3:
4t
4t
4t
6t
6t
1500
T
2t
2t
22/31
4t
4t
4t
6t
6t
120
R
2t
2t
22/3t
4t
4t
-
as determined
test,
test, and
11
on tensile
9.2.2 The test pieces shall be bent cold without fracture through 180
for a longitudinal test piece; 150 for tangential test piece; and 120 for a
radial test piece.
The maximum diameter of the former over which the
bend test shall be conducted is given in Table 5.
TABLE
MAXIMUM
SPECIFIED TENSILE
STRENQTB, Min
N/mm2
430
450
530
620
700
GEAR
WHEELS
10.1 Tensile
OF FORMER
(1)
10. MECHANICAL
DIAMETER
TESTS
HO0
150
120
(2)
20
20
25
40
40
(3)
20
20
25
40
40
(4)
20
20
25
40
40
FOR
CARBON-STEEL
FORGINGS
FOR
Tests
10.1.1 Tensile test shall be carried out on standard test pieces, prepared
in accordance with IS : 1608-1972.
after fracture
of
tube
&S : 326X-
10.2.2 Bend
test
shall
conducted
be
in
accordance
with
1980
IS : 1599-
1974*.
10.2.3 The test pieces shall withstand without fracture, being bent cold
through
180 over a former
having
a diameter
not greater than that
specified in Table 6. They shall be bent over the thinner section.
TABLE
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
FORGINGS FOR GEAR
(
STEEL
Carbon cr
HEAT
TREATMENT
CZ4USdS
Normalised
tem-
carbon
and
manga-
peredor
nese
hardened
10.12, 10.1.3
MIXUMUM
YIELD
STRESS
N/mm2
oil
and
tempered.
NOTE - Circumferential
properties.
FOR CARBON
WHEELS
STEEL
102.3 )
and
SPECIMINIMUM
ELONQATION
PERCENTAGE
FIED
MINI5.65 4~;
r___h_--T
MUY
Trans
TENSILE
Long
STRENQTH
(See
Note )
N/mm
19
BENDTEST
MAXIMUM
DIA&fETER OF
FORMER
r___A-__~
Trans
Long
( See
Note )
1113t
2/3t
225
440
23
245
490
22
18
2/3t
1u3t
275
540
20
16
2r
295
590
18
14
2t
325
640
17
12
2t
4t
345
690
16
11
2t
4t
test pieces
10.3 Hardness
Test - Except in special cases where prior approval is
taken from the inspecting
authority,
hardness test shall be made on all
forgings after machining
to 6.5 mm over the finished diameter after heat
treatment.
The impressions shall be taken at each end of two diameters
at right angles in three different positions over each toothed portion of the
. .
The
forging
shall be considered
sufficiently
uniform
if the
%gRz,e
between the highest and lowest value does not exceed 20 in
Brine11 numbers
or their equivalent
for steels of tensile strength not
30 in Brine11 number
for steels over
exceeding
620 N/mma and
620 N/mm*.
11.
RETESTS
11.1 Should
other
than
sheet,
strip,
Is : 3261 = 1980
may be re-heat-treated
and presented to the inspecting authority for
further testing.
If any test, made after the permissible number of heat
treatments, fails to meet the requirements of the standard, the forging
shall be liable to rejection.
No forging shall be re-heat-treated
more
than twice.
12. INSPECTION
AND MARKING
Turbine
Driven
Genera-
be machined
to a fine
12.2.3 The end faces of the boss and the bore surface of each turbine
disc shall be machined to a smooth finish and examined by a magnetic
crack detection method.
12.2.4 All solid forged HP steam and gas turbine
main propulsion service where the inlet steam or gas
400C shall be subjected to at least one thermal
stability test shall also be carried out for forgings
welding.
14
wheel shall be
crack-detection
Mark.
15
( Continuedfrom page 2 )
Representing
Members
16