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Abstract : This paper with be focusing on the comparison of the interstories drift between
regular RC building that is normal structure design building with a irregular RC building
that design with transfer beam. The structure were subjected to 10 strong ground motion, the
IDR distribution were illustrate representing each story with the maximum IDR shift. Each
frame structure will presenting a graph of IDR% for comparison purpose. The result showing
regular RC building having a large value of IDR% compare to irregular RC building with
transfer beam.
1. Introduction
Recent upgrades in earthquake building require more quantied portrayals of seismic interest
parameters that structure an imperative connection inside the choice phase of structural
design what's more execution. As more research and understanding of this interstories drift
result from the ground motion leading to a more accurate and sophisticated structural design
precisely settled relocation levels that must be met at a given seismic danger level and
execution state. Malaysia were considered as stable part and out of region occurrence of
earthquake but earthquake occur in Sumatra somehow effect Malaysia as far-field ground
motion and this situation happen more frequent as time passed through. As (Balendral &
Z.Lil, 2008). mentions the seismic waves, generated from an earthquake in Sumatra, travel
long distance before they reach Singapore bedrock. The high frequency earthquake waves
damped out rapidly in the propagation while the low frequency or long period waves are
more robust to energy dissipation and as a result they travel long distances. Thus the seismic
waves reaching the bedrock of Singapore or Malay Peninsula are rich in long period waves,
and are significantly amplified due to resonance when they propagate upward through the
soft soil sites with a period close to the predominant period of the seismic waves. The
amplified waves cause resonance in buildings with a natural period close to the period of the
site, and there sulting motions of buildings are large enough to be felt by the residence. So
most of Malaysian building structure were not catered for ground motion impact especially
near-field ground motion because lack of information.
2. Design of frame
In this study 3 stories reinforced building irregular and regular were design using both
Eurocode 2 nad Eurocode 8. Irregular structure were actually a transfer beam building
while regular building was actually a building design normally. Based on the journal a
few details were extracted from the journal for the design purpose. As mention in the
journal the frame were applied with 20kN/m of dead load and 10kN/m live load, and
there are directly applied to the beams. All floor to be assume rigid in plan to account for
the diagram action of concrete slabs. Material properties are assumed to be 20MPa for the
compressive strength (concrete grade C20) and 500 MPa for the yield strength of both
longitudinal and transverse reinforcements (steel grade S500s).In the design of the
structure the ground were assume as fixed to the ground as mention in the journal.
a) Regular reinforce concrete design toward gravity
Table 1 beam and column size of the regular RC building with gravity design
STORIES
1 stories
2nd stories
3rd stories
st
BEAM (mm)
300x400
300x400
300x400
COLUMN (mm)
300x300
300x300
300x300
The figure 1 and table 1 showing the detail description of the regular reinforced concrete
building. The frame were design using software and the reinforcement bar were
determined for column and beam as shown in Figure 2 and Table 2
Table 2 reinforment bar of column and beam for regular RC building with gravity design
NO
Column (C)
Beam (B)
6H16
5H12
8H16
4H20
6H12
6H25
B21
C2
C1
B11
C1
B11
C1
B11
C1
B11
B21
C2
B11
C1
C1
B11
C1 with gravity
C1 design
b) Irregular RC building
B11
C1
C1
BEAM (mm)
400x500
700x800
900x1000
COLUMN (mm)
400x400
800x800
900x900
As the regular RC building design with gravity design the irregular RC building that being
design with gravity also design using software to obtain the reinforcement bar. The result as
following shown in Table 4
Table 4 the reinforcement bar for irregular RC building design with gravity design
NO
Column (C)
Beam (B)
1
7H16
4H16
6H25
2
8H32
7H25
8H25
3
10H4
8H40
B11
C2
B21
C4
C4
C2
B11
C3
B21
B11
C1
B21
C4
C3
B21
B21
C4
Table 5 the beam and column size of the regular RC building with earthquake design
STORIES
1st stories
2nd stories
3rd stories
BEAM (mm)
300x400
300x400
300x400
COLUMN (mm)
300x300
300x300
300x300
For the gravity design of the regular RC frame the load were as mention above that is
20kN for the dead load and 10kN for the live load. While for the earthquake design there
are calculation and being insert as delta force. Using equation 1 and 2 the delta force can
be determine for each floor
Fb = Sd (T1)m.
Equation 1
Equation 2
Table 6 the reinforcement bar for regular RC building with earthquake design
NO
Column (C)
Beam (B)
1
4H16
2H16
6H16
B1
C2
B11
C1
B11
C1
C1
C1
B11
C1
B11
C1
B1
C1
B11
C1
C1
B11
B11
C1
C1
As the regular RC building with earthquake design the irregular RC building with
earthquake design were also design with 20kN dead load and 10kN live load and added with
delta force as shown in Equation 1 and Equation 2.
BEAM (mm)
300x400
500x700
800x1000
COLUMN (mm)
400x400
600x600
900x900
As the regular RC building design with earthquake design the irregular RC building that being
design with earthquake also design using software to obtain the reinforcement bar. The result as
following shown in Table 6
Column (C)
Beam (B)
5H20
3H20
6H40
2
7H25
4H25
10H4
7H40
8H25
B11
C1
C1
B21
C2
B11
C1
B21
C2
B31
C3
B11
C1
B21
C2
C2
B11
B11
C3
4H40
Mag(Mw
Hypo
PGA
PGA(H
PGA
(V)
No
Date
Name
Dist.
Station
57217 Coyote
(H)
V/H < 1
24/4/1984
Morgan Hill
Imperial
6.2
0.1
Lake Dam
5054 Bonds
0.711
1.298
0.388 0.298921
15/10/1979
Valley
Chalfant
6.5
2.5
Corner
54428 Zack
0.588
0.775
0.425 0.548387
21/7/1986
Valley
6.2
18.7
Brothers Ranch
0.4
0.447
0.321 0.718121
16/7/1978
Tabas,Iran
7.4
9101 Tabas
1607 Anticline
0.836
0.852
0.688
0.80751
9/5/1983
Coalinga
Earthquake
5
Mag(Mw
12.6
Hypo
Ridge Pas
0.412
PGA
0.452
PGA(H
0.38
PGA
0.840708
No
Date
Name
Dist.
Station
(H)
(V)
V/H > 1
18/10/1989
Loma Prieta
Imperial
6.9
14.5
47125 Capitola
0.443
0.529
0.541 1.022684
15/10/1079
Vally
6.5
0.6
cerro array
5169
0.38
0.463
0.544 1.174946
Westmorland
8
26/4/1981
Westmorland
5.8
13.3
Fire Sta
0.368
0.496
0.838 1.689516
17/05/1976
Gazli USSR
Nahanni,
6.8
Karakyr
0.608
0.718
1.264 1.760446
10
23/12/1985
Canada
6.8
6097 Site 1
0.978
1.096
2.086 1.903285
As shown in the Table 8 the ground motion were actually 5 were V/H<1.0 and the
other V/H>1.0. All of the ground motion were actually the strongest groung selected from
the PEER.
4. Interstories drift
The interstories drift were extract from the result according to each stories and with
maximum values, graph were plot according to each ground motion. The interstories drift
then being compare for each frame for V < 1.0 and V > 1.0
a) The interstories drift for V/H < 1.0
3
STORIES
2
H
H+V
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
IDR%
Figure 5 the average of IDR % of of horizontal and horizontal plus ground motion of
regular RC building with gravity design range of V/H<1.0
STORIES
2
H
H+V
1
0.000 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.040
IDR%
Figure 66 The average of IDR% of horizontal and horizontal plus vertical ground motion
of irregular RC building with gravity design range of V/H<1.0
STORIES
2
H
H+V
1
0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
IDR%
Figure 7 The average of IDR% of horizontal and horizontal plus vertical of regular RC
building with earthquake design range of V/H<1.0
stories
2
H
H+V
1
0 0.010.010.020.020.030.030.04
IDR%
Figure 87 The average of IDR% of horizontal and horizontal plus vertical of irregular RC
building with earthquake design range of V/H<1.0
Figure 5, 6, 7 and 8 show the average of interstories drift values for horizontal and
horizontal plus vertical of all four frame design with gravity design and earthquake
design. The average of ground motion were actually with reading of V/H< 1.0. from the
graph can be seen that the interstories drift of regular RC building with gravity design
were the largest among all with 0.3 for the horizontal ground motion at the 3 rd floor and
0.2 for the horizontal plus vertical ground motion at the 3 rd floor. While the smallest
interstories drift is the irregular RC building with earthquake design with 0.03 of
horizontal ground motion and 0.03 of horizontal plus vertical ground motion.
As can we can see the pattern of interstories drift of all the frame the irregular RC
building are more consistent compare to the regular RC building. The possible reason for
this pattern to produce maybe because of the reinforcement of the transfer beam structure
making it more stable than the regular structure. As can be refer from the structure design
the size of the beam and column were bigger in size and the reinforcement bar were
according to the size.
b)
STORIES
2
H
H+V
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
IDR%
Figure 98 The average of IDR% of horizontal and horizontal plus ground motion of
regular RC building with gravity design range of V/H>1.0
STORIES
2
H
H+V
1
0
Figure 109 The average of IDR% of horizontal and horizontal plus vertical ground motion
of irregular RC building with gravity design range of V/H>1.0
STORIES
2
H
H+V
1
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
IDR%
Figure 11 The average of IDR% of horizontal and horizontal plus vertical of regular RC
building with earthquake design range of V/H<1.0
STORIES
2
H
H+V
1
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
IDR%
Figure 12 The average of IDR% of horizontal and horizontal plus vertical of irregular RC
building with earthquake design range of V/H<1.0
Figure 22,23,24 and 25 show the average of interstories drift of horizontal and
horizontal plus vertical of irregular RC building with earthquake design range of
V/H<1.0. The regular RC building were still the largest interstories drift among all but
there are slightly different were the smallest interstories drift are the irregular RC
building with gravity design. this differences proving that the V/H<1.0 and V/H> 1.0 do
give effect to the interstories drift of the structure frame
From overall view we can see the interstories drift between the structure frame
design with gravity are more likely to be larger than the structural frame with earthquake
design either regular or regular both showing the same pattern.
h regular gravity
h+v regular gravity
stories
h irregular gravity
1
0
The figure above show that the interstories drift of all 4 four frame and it
show that the interstories drift of regular RC building show the highest interstories drift
among all the frame. Comparison of horizontal and horizontal plus vertical of the regular
RC building show that the interstories drift of horizontal component only having a
highest interstoies drift. We can conclude that the regular RC building were the most will
experiencing damage but not collapse as (Sozen MA, 1981)mention that an IDR value
References
akkar, s., yazgan, u., & gulkan, p. (2005). Drift Estimation in Frame Building
Subjected to Near-field Ground Motion.
Balendral, T., & Z.Lil. (2008). seismic hazard of singapore and malaysia. earthquake
engineering in the low and moderate seismic region in sourthen asia and australia .
DIOTALLEVI, P., & LANDI, L. (n.d.). effect of the ground motion .
Sozen MA. (1981). review of earthquake respond of reinforced concrete buildings
with a view to drift control. istanbul,turkey: turkish national commitee.