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Microsoft Corporation
Published May 2008
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Contents
Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................................3
Security .....................................................................................................................................................................................................4
Management ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Deployment ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 15
Mobility ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Productivity ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 25
Summary ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 27
Security Developed for Windows XP with SP2. The Microsoft SDL makes security a top Although Microsoft has
Development priority throughout the development cycle by used the SDL extensively
Lifecycle (SDL) mandating a repeatable engineering process on several key products,
that every developer must follow, and by Windows Vista is the
verifying that process before product release.
first client operating
The SDL is an evolving process that system to be developed
implements rigorous standards of secure from start to finish using
design, coding, testing, review, and response this new approach.
for all Microsoft products. The SDL helps
remove vulnerabilities and minimize the
surface area for attacks, improves system
and application integrity, and helps
organizations more securely manage and
isolate their networks.
Defense in Buffer overruns trick software into running In Windows Vista, DEP is enabled by default In Windows Vista, DEP is
depth code that has been placed in areas of the for most components. Windows Vista enabled by default for
computer’s memory that are set aside for introduces additional DEP policies that allow most components, and
data storage. The Data Execution software developers to enable DEP in code, the operating system
Prevention (DEP) feature, which uses the independent of system-wide compatibility-
allows developers to
no-execute (NX) feature of some enforcement controls. This capability enables
enable DEP in their
processors, can reduce the impact of such a higher percentage of NX-protected code in
code.
vulnerabilities. Windows XP with SP3 the software ecosystem.
supports DEP but does not enable it by Windows Vista includes
DEP works best with Address Space Layout
default. ASLR, which makes it
Randomization (ASLR), another defense
difficult for malicious
capability in Windows Vista that makes it
more difficult for malicious code to exploit a code to exploit system
system function. ASLR randomly assigns functions.
executable images, such as .dll and .exe files, Windows Vista
to one of 256 possible locations in memory. introduces service
This makes it more difficult for malicious hardening, which
code to locate and take advantage of restricts the rights
functionality inside the executables. available to some
Because system services typically run with system services.
high system rights, these services have been
a major target for malicious software attacks.
To mitigate the threat, Windows Vista has
introduced the concept of restricted services,
or service hardening. Restricted services can
run under only the most restrictive rights
possible, and they limit their activities to the
minimum local computer or network
resources that are required to fulfill their
task.
Windows N/A BitLocker Drive Encryption is a new data- Windows Vista helps
BitLocker™ protection feature in the Windows Vista secure data by providing
Drive Enterprise and Windows Vista Ultimate whole-volume
Encryption operating systems. The feature provides encryption and
whole-volume encryption and supports
protection of early boot
encryption of multiple partitions.
components.
BitLocker Drive Encryption addresses the BitLocker Drive
very real threats of data theft and data Encryption supports
disclosure from lost, stolen, or
encryption of multiple
inappropriately decommissioned computer
volumes.
hardware. This tightly integrated solution
also provides for integrity checking of early
boot components.
Because businesses use of portable
computers increases each year, the potential
exposure of data on users’ computers
presents a growing problem for
organizations. Organizations can use
BitLocker Drive Encryption to realize the
benefits of mobile computing while helping
to reduce risk and enable better compliance
with corporate data-protection best
practices.
Windows Windows XP provides firewall functionality Windows Vista provides firewall functionality Both operating systems
Firewall that is enabled by default and that begins that is enabled by default and that begins include firewall
protecting users’ computers as soon as the helping to protect a user’s computer as soon functionality, but
operating system starts. In Windows XP, as Windows starts. Windows Firewall Windows Vista includes
Windows Firewall includes inbound includes both inbound and outbound filtering
inbound and outbound
filtering. and can prevent data from entering or
filtering, whereas
leaving the computer. Windows Firewall also
Windows XP includes
allows information technology
(IT) professionals and home users to block only inbound filtering.
applications, such as peer-to-peer sharing or Windows Firewall in
instant messaging applications, from Windows Vista can
contacting or responding to other dynamically apply rules
computers. based on the current
Windows Firewall in Windows Vista is fully network type, making
manageable through Group Policy and is the computer more
dynamic, based on network type. secure on public
Administrators can put different firewall networks.
rules into effect, depending on whether the
computer is connected to a corporate
(domain) network, a private (home) network,
or a public (hotspot) network.
Group Policy Group Policy helps IT professionals manage Managing client computer configurations Windows Vista has more
settings client computer configurations by allowing with Windows Vista takes less time and is than 500 additional
them to enforce thousands of Windows and more effective, because hundreds more Group Policy settings
application security and configuration settings that target more scenarios are compared to
settings. Examples include standard available in Group Policy. Areas with richer
Windows XP.
configuration enforcement, security settings settings include wireless networking,
In Windows Vista, Group
and controls (ranging from public key removable storage device installation and
policies to password policies), resource use, Internet Explorer 7, printers, and power Policy settings are better
access, wireless networking, software management. targeted at specific
installation, and user experience. scenarios, such as
wireless networking,
power management,
removable storage, and
printer management.
Standard user Deploying standard user accounts was Windows Vista User Account Control (UAC) Windows Vista makes
accounts traditionally impractical, partly because makes it more practical for companies to using standard user or
users can’t change many common settings allow users, running under standard user least-privilege user
and partly because many applications accounts, to run applications and perform accounts more practical
require Administrator access to portions of many common system configuration tasks,
than in the past.
the registry or file system (for example, such as changing the time zone or installing a
UAC notifies standard
C:\Program Files). As a result, many supported printer. Limiting the use of
companies deploy Administrator accounts Administrator accounts to true users and administrators
to users, reducing manageability and administrators helps prevent users from before an administrative
increasing security risk. Some companies making unauthorized system changes or action is performed.
overcome these challenges by deploying installing unapproved programs that may File and registry
standard user accounts, and then punching contain a virus or spyware. redirection helps ensure
specific holes in access control lists (ACLs), that applications write to
In addition, file and registry redirection
at a significant cost. user-specific file
(virtualization) enables older applications to
run in a standard user environment by locations.
redirecting the writes to a virtual store,
thereby helping applications run as expected
without modification. This capability
provides application compatibility for earlier
applications.
Reliability and Windows XP includes basic troubleshooting Windows Vista includes built-in diagnostics Windows Vista
diagnostics tools. However, a limited number of these that automatically detect and diagnose automatically detects and
tools automatically detect and repair common support problems and help users repairs more support
common support problems. Windows XP resolve the problems on their own. Problems problems than Windows
can send basic telemetry data that helps that Windows Vista diagnostics address
XP does, helping reduce
Microsoft diagnose customer problems. include failing disks, degraded performance,
support costs.
lack of network connectivity, and failure to
start up properly. Windows Vista provides
advanced
Windows Vista provides a broad set of
troubleshooting tools,
troubleshooting tools, such as the following:
such as WER.
Windows Recovery Environment Windows Vista telemetry
Performance Monitor data helps Microsoft
Also, Windows Vista can optionally send better identify and
telemetry data, including reliability data, diagnose issues that
which helps Microsoft improve customers’ affect customers.
experience with the operating system.
Examples are the Customer Experience
Improvement Program (CEIP) and Windows
Error Reporting (WER), both of which are
opt-in.
Event Windows XP provides basic event Event Viewer has been completely rewritten Windows Vista introduces
management management through Event Viewer. By to allow IT pros to create custom views that event forwarding, a new
using Event Viewer, users can view, filter, combine events from individual logs, Event Viewer, and event
and archive events. Event logging in discover events more easily, and link to automation.
Windows XP remains largely unchanged scheduled tasks or scripts that should run
In Windows Vista, XML-
from earlier Windows versions, and many when an event occurs. This new Windows
based events enable
Windows components still store event Eventing system makes it much more
information in scattered text files. practical for IT pros to use the event log to better integration with
troubleshoot users’ problems. management tools.
Windows Vista
Windows Eventing also provides a central
consolidates events from
unified event store that developers can
easily use for their applications, continuing most Windows
to make troubleshooting easier for IT pros. components in the event
And events are based on XML, which enables log instead of in text files.
better integration with management tools.
By using event forwarding, IT pros can
centrally manage events from their
computers, more easily and proactively
identifying problems and correlating
problems that affect multiple computers.
Customers can forward events to computers
running the Windows Server® 2008
operating system.
Task The Task Scheduler in Windows XP provides The Windows Vista Task Scheduler is Windows Vista enables
scheduling essential scheduling capabilities. Users can backward-compatible with Windows XP. IT pros to script tasks.
schedule jobs to run daily, weekly, and so IT pros can also schedule tasks to launch in Windows Vista provides
on. IT pros cannot easily create and manage situations including the following: new scheduling options
tasks by using scripts, however. Instead,
When a specific event occurs and the ability to run
they must use a command-line program to
When users lock or unlock sessions tasks in sequence.
manage tasks.
When the computer is idle
When the computer is on the corporate
network
Image-based Windows XP is not delivered as an Windows Vista is distributed using the Windows Vista is distributed as a
setup (IBS) image. Instead, the Setup program new file-based image format, WIM image file and is installed by
installs and configures each Windows Windows Imaging Format (WIM). This using IBS, resulting in a quicker and
component. file format supports multiple images in more streamlined installation
a single, highly compressed file.
Non-Microsoft imaging tools are process that requires fewer
available for creating images, but A key benefit of WIM with Windows operating system images.
these products are predominantly Vista is that it helps enable hardware Windows XP is not distributed as a
sector based. Tools included in the independence because it’s a file-based WIM image, nor does it use IBS.
Windows Automated Installation Kit image format. Hardware
Microsoft tools support the creation
(Windows AIK) and Microsoft independence helps significantly
of WIM images of Windows XP but
Deployment Toolkit (MDT) 2008 do reduce the number of images that
support creating file-based corporate customers must maintain don’t offer the offline-servicing
Windows XP images, but these images and deploy. The WIM file format also benefits of Windows Vista images.
are not componentized in a way that enables IT pros to service images
allows IT pros to inject drivers, offline, adding optional components
updates, and other packages offline. such as device drivers and updates
This usually means that Windows XP without having to continually
images require frequent updates. recapture or create a new image. This
capability dramatically improves
maintenance and reduces costs.
Deployment, The Windows XP Corporate Windows Vista provides a new set of Windows Vista imaging and
compatibility, Deployment Tools (deploy.cab) ship deployment tools. Some of these installation tools support WIM and
and asset- on the Windows XP media and are tools, such as Sysprep, now ship as take full advantage of WIM benefits,
inventory tools available from the Microsoft core parts of the operating system. enabling a more consistent, reliable
Download Center. These tools include The remaining tools are in the
experience across different
Setup Manager, the System Windows AIK and include Windows PE
deployment scenarios. Additionally,
Preparation Tool (Sysprep), and the 2.1, Windows System Image Manager
with Windows PE 2.1,
Microsoft Windows Corporate (Windows SIM), and ImageX. These
Deployment Tools User’s Guide. Also, tools are optimized so that business administrators can co-manage
MDT 2008 and the Microsoft System customers can reduce the number of Windows Vista and Windows XP in a
Center products support imaging and images they maintain and so that unified way, allowing for better
deployment of Windows XP. servicing those images is easier. And management of heterogeneous
MDT 2008—the next version of environments.
Customers can use many of the
Microsoft Business Desktop
Windows Vista deployment tools,
Deployment (BDD)—takes full
including those in the Windows AIK,
advantage of Windows Vista’s
to deploy Windows XP. For example,
deployment improvements while
customers can use Windows
integrating and extending the
Preinstallation Environment
capabilities of the Windows AIK tools.
(Windows PE) 2.1, ImageX, Windows
Deployment Services, Microsoft Still other tools are available to
Deployment, and the Application streamline the Windows Vista
Compatibility Toolkit (ACT) 5.0 to deployment process:
deploy Windows XP. However, not all
Windows Deployment Services
Windows Vista capabilities are
ACT
available when using these tools with
Windows XP. Microsoft Assessment and
Planning Solution Accelerator
Windows Setup In Windows XP, Windows Setup Windows Vista uses IBS, providing a Windows Vista uses IBS and
installs and configures components on more consistent and streamlined supports more deployment
the destination computer. The installation. It supports all the scenarios than Windows XP does.
process does not use IBS and does not deployment scenarios that most Windows Vista uses a single XML-
support all the scenarios that companies use when deploying the
based answer file, providing a more
organizations use to deploy the Windows operating system, including
consistent installation; Windows XP
Windows operating system, such as those that require non-destructive
scenarios that require non-destructive installation. Windows Vista uses multiple text-based answer
installation (e.g., Computer Refresh or installation can be faster than files.
In-place Wipe and Load scenarios, in Windows XP installation because Windows SIM supports all the
which user files and settings remain Windows Vista uses IBS. settings that Windows Vista exposes
local on the computer). for deployment for all configuration
Windows Setup uses an XML-based
Windows XP uses multiple answer answer file (unattend.xml) for all passes, while Setup Manager
files, each with different formats and configuration passes. This drives supports only a subset of
syntax, for various installation phases. consistency across all passes. Also, Windows XP settings.
For example, Windows XP uses Windows Vista supports more settings
unattend.txt for installation from the in unattend.xml than Windows XP
distribution media and uses supported in unattend.txt, so
sysprep.inf for image installation. deploying the correct configuration
Using multiple answer files that requires nothing more than a properly
contain similar settings leads to more configured answer file.
difficult maintenance.
Windows SIM is the tool that creates
Setup Manager, the tool that creates and edits unattend.xml files and
and edits unattend.txt files, does not distribution shares in a simple
support all the settings available and graphical user interface (GUI).
does not validate the contents of Windows SIM supports all the settings
those files. Other than editing that each Windows component
unattend.txt, Setup Manager provides exposes during deployment and helps
only basic capabilities to create and to create and manage distribution
manage distribution shares. shares.
Worldwide Windows XP provided nominal help Windows Vista includes advanced Windows Vista enables
single-image for reducing the number of images features and capabilities that help organizations to create and deploy a
deployment that organizations maintain. For organizations reduce the number of single worldwide image, whereas
example, Sysprep prepares images to images they maintain. First, Windows Windows XP often requires
support computers with a variety of Vista is hardware agnostic. Therefore,
numerous images for a worldwide
mass-storage devices. However, organizations don’t need to create
deployment.
organizations must prepare one images for each type of HAL in the
image for each type of hardware production environment. Second, MDT 2008 enables companies to
abstraction layer (HAL) in the Windows Vista Enterprise and use thin-imaging techniques to
production environment. Additionally, Windows Vista Ultimate enable reduce both Windows XP and
organizations must prepare an organizations to deploy a single image Windows Vista image counts.
individual image for each language. that contains multiple Microsoft user
interface languages, enabling
MDT 2008 helps organizations using
worldwide deployment to all client
Windows XP get closer to thin-image
computers by using a single image.
strategies. Guidance and tools are
provided to reduce image count, but MDT 2008 enables organizations to
the limitations of HAL- and language- use thin-imaging and deploy-time
dependence remain. customization techniques to deploy
and customize a single worldwide
image. For example, during
deployment, organizations can target
virtual private network (VPN) software
to portable computers and accounting
software to the Accounting
department.
Windows Windows XP does not provide a central Windows Mobility Center, which original Windows Vista provides
Mobility location for managing common mobility equipment manufacturers (OEMs) can one location for managing
Center settings. Instead, users must open various customize, puts the most frequently used common mobility settings,
programs and Control Panel items to portable-computer settings in a single whereas Windows XP
manage mobility settings. location. Now, users can change and
requires users to open
synchronize display brightness, volume,
various Control Panel items
power plan, wireless network, desktop
wallpaper, external display (such as a to change these settings.
network projector or additional monitor),
all from one location.
Presentation Mode allows users to quickly
turn off the screen saver, turn off system
notifications, and prevent the portable
computer from going to sleep. This feature
enables users to prepare quickly for giving
presentations. Users can customize
additional presentation settings, such as
the desktop background and volume level.
When using a Tablet PC, users can rotate
their displays. No more hunting through
Control Panel or notification area icons to
find what you need. All the important
mobile settings are in Windows Mobility
Center. Windows Mobility Center is
available only on portable computers.
Sync Center Windows XP provides the ability to Windows Vista gives users one place—the Windows Vista provides a
synchronize offline files or mobile devices, new Sync Center—to manage data single location for
but the operating system does not provide synchronization between computers, managing sync
a central location for managing all sync between computers and servers, and relationships, whereas
relationships. Users must use different between computers and devices. This
Windows XP users must
programs to synchronize different devices. capability has become increasingly
rely on different programs
important as the range of computers,
for different devices.
devices, locations, and data sources that
customers want to synchronize has
expanded. Until now, there has been no
easy way to manage all these individual
sync relationships, so users have had to
deal with many different sync experiences,
depending on their devices or data sources.
Offline files Offline files and folders allow users to Windows Vista improves offline files and Synchronizing changes in
create a sync relationship between their folders. First, it makes the sync process for offline files and folders is
computers and a remote location. The sync offline folders much faster, with support for much faster in Windows
infrastructure and user interface (UI) track Delta Sync. Delta Sync synchronizes only Vista than in Windows XP
changes between the local version and the the changed blocks of a file, rather than the
because Delta Sync
remote version and enable users to whole file, when users synchronize client
synchronizes only changed
reconcile versions if conflicts exist. changes to the server. The advanced sync
files blocks instead of the
algorithm in Windows Vista is also better at
Users can specify which network-based entire file.
determining which files or directories need
files and folders they would like to use
to be synchronized, adding even more Windows Vista supports
when working offline. In addition, offline
efficiency. This efficiency enables the ghosting, which provides a
folders can be encrypted to provide a
synchronization of additional larger files, context for offline files and
higher level of security. The entire file is
such as Microsoft Office Outlook® .pst and folders.
synchronized, even if a user made only a
.ost files. Windows Vista provides an
few changes. This can make
synchronization a time-consuming process, Second, Windows Vista supports ghosting improved UI for using and
especially when users have many of online files and folders. When users managing offline files and
documents to sync. make only a few files from a directory folders.
available offline, Windows Vista creates
ghosted entries of the remaining items to
preserve the online context for users.
When users are not connected to the
remote data source and navigate to the
remote location, they see these ghosted
online items alongside the offline files.
Third, Windows Vista makes managing
offline files and folders easier. Users
manage sync relationships by using the
Sync Center. Users can see the offline
status of any file or folder in Windows
Explorer. And the transition between online
and offline is now completely transparent
and seamless.
Windows Feature Comparison 21
Feature Windows XP with SP3 Windows Vista with SP1 Key differences
Network N/A Windows Vista makes it easy to give a Windows Vista makes it
Projection presentation from a portable computer. By easier to give presentations
using the Connect to a Network Projector from users’ computers.
Wizard, users can connect to any Windows-
compatible network projector over a
wireless or wired network. A network
projector is a shared resource much like a
printer on a network. Users can also use
this feature in Windows Meeting Space,
enabling them to stream content to a
Windows Meeting Space session.
Secure Sockets Windows XP supports Point-to-Point SSTP is a new tunneling protocol that uses By supporting SSTP,
Tunnel Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) and Layer-2 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Windows Vista enables
Protocol (SSTP) Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) VPN encapsulation over a Secure Sockets Layer users to create VPN
connections. In both cases, users often (SSL) channel. Because SSTP uses SSL traffic connections in locations
cannot connect successfully through some (TCP port 443), SSTP can be used in many
where they can’t connect
network configurations, such as those in different network configurations—for
when using Windows XP.
public locations. example, when VPN clients or servers are
behind network address translation (NAT)
devices, firewalls, or proxy servers. SSTP
requires Windows Server 2008 and
Windows Vista with SP1.
Power Windows XP made great strides in By intelligently monitoring CPU state, Windows Vista reduces
management improving power management. However, Windows Vista can reduce the amount of power consumption.
data about remaining battery power was power it uses. Windows Vista also provides Windows Vista provides
not always accurate. Also, standard users more accurate data about the amount of more accurate reports
were not able to change power settings. power a computer has left, helping prevent
about remaining power.
a system from shutting down prematurely.
Windows Vista enables
Also, the operating system allows standard
users to change power settings. In addition, standard users to change
Windows Vista enables organizations to use power settings.
Group Policy to manage power settings. Windows Vista enables
Group Policy management
of power settings.
Wireless Windows XP provides support for the most Windows Vista improves the wireless In Windows Vista, Network
networking recent wireless networking standards and network experience in several ways. Users’ Awareness automatically
security. It also includes device drivers data is also more secure because of chooses the best network
from most popular wireless network enhanced support for the most recent connection to use when
adapters in the box. wireless security protocols, including Wi-Fi
multiple connections are
Protected Access 2 (WPA2). Windows Vista
available to applications.
helps users avoid connections to fraudulent
wireless networks that seem to be Windows Vista helps
legitimate hotspots but are not. Windows protect users from
Vista also provides an easy way to create connection to malicious
ad hoc wireless networks to use peer-to- wireless networks that
peer applications such as file sharing and masquerade as public
application collaboration. wireless networks.
Windows Vista introduces other Windows Vista has a new
networking innovations. The new networking stack that
networking stack can auto-tune key supports auto-tuning and a
performance settings, such as the TCP dual IP (IPv4 and IPv6) layer
receive window. It also adds support for a architecture.
dual IP layer architecture that supports
Windows Vista has an
both TCP/IP version 4 (IPv4) and version 6
improved UI for creating
(IPv6).
and managing wireless
Windows Vista provides new ways to network connections.
manage wireless networking by using
Group Policy and command-line
configuration tools. Wireless networking is
now standard across hardware vendors.
Search Windows XP provides a Windows Vista introduces enhanced desktop search and In Windows Vista, Search
basic, indexed search organization that helps users locate files and emails on their integrates completely into
feature that can help computers. If users remember anything about a file, the user interface. For
users find files by name Windows Vista can instantly find it. example, users can search
or content.
Users can add and change metadata for files, and then use their computers instantly
that metadata to find and organize files regardless of from the Start menu.
location. (Different file types have different metadata, but In Windows Vista, users can
examples include the title and author for a document.) Users tag files with metadata, and
can edit metadata in the Common File dialog box, Details
then use that metadata to
Pane of Windows Explorer, Windows Media® Player 11,
quickly find files on their
Windows Photo Gallery, and so on.
computers.
Additionally, Windows Vista allows users to save search In Windows Vista, users can
queries as Search Folders. Opening a Search Folder displays
save a search as a Search
the files that match the search query. For example, users can
Folder, and then quickly
create a Search Folder that finds files created within a certain
date range, containing a specific keyword, or authored by a repeat that query by opening
particular person. the Search Folder.
User N/A Microsoft designed Windows Vista to provide easier access to Windows Vista improves
interface the applications and information users want. From the Start significant parts of the UI,
and Menu to the files in Explorers, users can more easily access such as the Start Menu,
navigation what they need and complete tasks more directly. User Explorers, dialog boxes and
interface improvements include the following:
wizards, and the Control
Start Menu. Streamlined to make browsing (looking for a Panel.
specific application, file, email, Control Panel item, or Windows Vista improves
Internet favorite) easier. Explorer user interface and
Explorers. A streamlined and consistent set of tools for navigation with features such
finding, viewing, and managing information and as the Command Bar, Details
resources. Pane, Live Icons, and an
Dialog boxes and wizards. Redesigned to be clearer and improved address bar.
more functional, and easier for developers to customize
to optimize the user experience.
Programs Explorer and Control Panel. Programs Explorer
(which replaces the Add or Remove Programs control)
and Control Panel use the Explorer interface to help users
more easily and quickly manage applications and settings.