Grade 10- Political Science

UNIT-III
OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY
Review
OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY:
ACCOUNTABLE, RESPONSIVE AND LEGITIMATE
GOVERNMENT
Government responsiveness to mass preferences is fundamental to
most conceptions of Democracy.
Responsible Government: its actions are open to scrutiny and
criticism by the legislative that has ability to remove it from power.
The most basic outcome of democracy should be that it
produces a government that is accountable to the citizens and
pensive to the needs and expectations of the citizens.
The concept of legitimacy entails justification in terms of the
prescribed norms and procedures.
Why Democracy is a better government?
Mr.Jawahar Lal Nehru says Democracy is good. I say this because
other systems are worse.
better than its alternatives
legitimate
accountable
responsive
ensures the social acceptance
effective implementation of rules, policies and decisions
promotes equality among citizens
enhances the dignity of individuals
provides a method to resolve conflicts peacefully
The outcomes of Democracy may differ from Nation to Nation because it
depends upon the social situations, economic achievements and the
culture of the Nation.
EVALUATION OF DEMOCRACY

Abraham Lincoln defines Democracy as a Government of the people,

for the people and by the people
1. Regular, free and fair elections
2. Open public debate on major policies and legislatures
3. Citizens right to information about the Governments and its
functioning.
Conditions essential for the success of Democracy.
Social: - Social justice, social unity, social education.
Economic: - Economic equality & economic security.
Political:- An atmosphere of liberty, equality, justice, rule of
law, periodic and free elections, free press impartial
judiciary, rights and liberties of people.
Moral: - Duty bound, concern for common interest, honestyfor the ruler and the ruled.
Intellectual: Common sense, toleration, openness,
adaptiveness, flexibility
DEMOCRACY IN USA
U.S. policymakers have aimed to create a world of Democratic
Nations for decades
development of Democracy in other Nations is a key element of its
National security policy
A host of international and multilateral donor agencies and even
military forces (both NATO and U.S.) have taken on the task of
helping to build Democracies in highly challenging environments
Example: diplomatic pressures, trade sanctions, and economic
development aid, military and political support
REDUCTION OF INEQUALITY AND POVERTY
Political Equality
fair share to every citizen in the distribution of Natural
Resources
Reality : small proportion of population enjoys high share in
income while large population has to live with very small share
In Democratic setup only Economic inequality and disparity in
society can be minimized, poverty and unemployment could be
checked

ACCOMMODATION OF SOCIAL DIVERSITY

heterogeneous society
most suitable form of Government to accommodate various
diversities because in Democracy equal rights and opportunities
are given to every citizen .
Ability to handle social differences, divisions, and conflicts
A. Mutual Accomodation : all the cultures should participate in
creation of climate of trust and brotherhood
B. Multiculturalism
Demerits of Multiculturalism
1.It leads to segregation
2. It leads to welfare dependency
3. Emigrants do not feel the responsibility.
4. It focuses on the cultural right of groups rather than the rights of an
individual.
C. Dignity and Freedom of the Citizens
Democracy accommodates all the social diversity by guaranteeing
dignity and freedom to all the citizens
Conflict among various ethnic groups are minimized by giving
them adequate representation in the Government in different parts
of the world
majority group needs to work in harmony with the minority group

Q. How does democracy accommodate social diversity?

Mutual Accomodation: all the cultures should participate in

creation of climate of trust and brotherhood
Multiculturalism
Equal opportunities to all citizens
Equal freedom of expression
Formation of Community Governments
Promoting respect for emigrants and their culture
Providing a citizen with Dignity and Freedom
Minority are also given equal representation in the Government
Empowerment of women

 Efforts towards fighting inequality

(these points must be briefly explained to support the answer)
RIGHTS IN THE CONSTITUTION OF SOUTH AFRICA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Equality
Human Dignity
Life
Freedom and Security of the person
Slavery, Servitude and Forced Labour
Privacy
Freedom of religion, belief and opinion
Religious observances may be conducted at state or state-aided
institutions
9. Freedom of expression
10. Everyone has the right to freedom of expression, which
includes
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS IN INDIA
The Fundamental Rights are defined as basic human freedom, which
every Indian citizen has the right to enjoy for a proper development of
personality.
It guarantees civil liberties to all Indians.
Origin of Rights:
Englands Bill of Rights,
the United States Bill of Rights
Frances declaration or the Rights of Man
SIX fundamental rights in the constitution of India
1. RIGHT TO EQUALITY (Articles 14-18)
-Everyone Is treated equally before the law
-No privileges to anyone
-All people are governed and protected by the law equally
-No exception to President and the Governor
2. RIGHT TO FREEDOM (Articles 19-22)
(refer to points given in the notebook)
3. RIGHT TO FREEDOM FROM EXPLOITATION (Articles 23-24)

4. RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF RELIGION (Articles 25-28)

-Freedom to practice any religion
5. CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS (Articles 29-30)
-gaurantees the rights of any sections of citizens residing in any
part of India having language scripts or culture of its own, to
conserve the same.
6. THE RIGHT TO CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES (Article 32)
-grants freedom to move the Supreme Court in case of violation of
fundamental rights
-Supreme Court to issue writs for enforcement of any of its rights
Some important Fundamental Rights guaranteed by different
Constitutions:
Right to an adequate standard of living
Right to the highest level of physical and mental health
Rights to access all resources needed to maintain a high level of
health
Right to sanitation
Right to an education
Rights that directly relate to economic growth and development include:
Right to adequate work and appropriate working environment
Right to equal pay for equal work
Humans have the Right to participate in making decisions;
Right to self-determination (free political opinion)
Right to technical and scientific knowledge especially in regard to
improved production, conservation and distribution of food.
Right to enjoy the improvement of all aspects
Right to development strongly recognizes that all people are equal
Children
Right to a standard of living that promotes full development of
their physical, mental, spiritual and social capacities.
Right to have access to nutrition, clothing, housing and an
education that provides them with the tools needed to sustain an
adequate standard of living.

 Right to protection from harsh working conditions that interfere

with their ability to enjoy any of the aforementioned Rights, and
therefore limit their development.
Women
Right to work and enjoy equal pay, benefits, and opportunities for
advancement.
Right to protection from discrimination in the workplace due to
pregnancy.
Right to obtain loans, mortgages, and credit that may further their
economic development.
In rural areas women are
assured participation
access to education
technical training
Right to organize groups to develop economic opportunity;
equal treatment and consideration in land and agrarian reform
land resettlement.
A public expression of dissatisfaction with Democracy shows the success
of the Democratic project: it transforms people from the status of a
subject into that of a citizen