Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
forIndigenousPeoples
Objectives:
To provide introductory briefing on various aspects of climate finance to the
debate on global climate change financing
To gain a better understanding of climate change finance flows to developing
countries and some dedicated funds for IPs/LCs
Outline of presentation:
1. Framework and principles of public climate finance
2. The evolving global climate finance architecture : multilateral, bilateral, national
channels and funds
3. Climate finance thematic briefings Adaptation, Mitigation, gender, climate
funding for specific regions
4. Climate finance for Forest Protection/REDD+: multilateral and bilateral
5.Multilateral REDD+ funds with dedicated funds/grants for IPs/LCs FCPF-CBP,
FIP-DGM, UNREDD-CBR+, others
6. Climate Finance and Gender
7. Some lessons learned and experiences
Working for the recognition
protection and fulfillment of indigenous peoples rights
UnderArticle4.3oftheUNFrameworkConventiononClimateChange
(UNFCCC),developedcountriescommittedtoprovidefundingfortheagreed
fullincrementalcostsofclimatechangeindevelopingcountries,meaningthe
additionalcostsoftransformingbusinessasusualfossilfueldependent
economicgrowthstrategiesintolowemissionclimateresilientdevelopment
pathways
Thecentralityofglobalclimatefinance Estimatesforthescaleofoverall
climatefinanceneedsvary,dependingonthecategoryofclimateactionpursued
(adaptation,mitigationorreducingemissionsfromdeforestationandforest
degradation REDD),butwillcertainlyrunintohundredsofbillions,ifnot
trillionsofUSdollarsannuallyby2020.
TheFifthAssessmentReportoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange
(IPCCAR5)warnedthatdelayingambitiousactionnowtolimitglobalwarmingto
below2Candtoaddressadaptationwillresultinmassivecostincreasesinthe
future.
Fundamentally, the Convention has laid out that the parties need to take climate
actions, including on finance, on the basis of equity and in accordance with
their common but differentiated responsibilities (CBDR) and respective
capabilities (UNFCCC, Art. 2).
Interpreted as the principle that the polluter pays, this is relevant for the
mobilisation of climate change funding, as is the UNFCCC requirement for
adequacy and predictability in the flow of funds and the importance of
appropriate burden sharing among the developed country Parties (Art. 4.3.)
The Bali Action Plan from 2008 likewise stipulates that funding must be adequate,
predictable, sustainable as well as new and additional (Bali Action Plan, Art.
1(e)(i)).
In the Cancun Agreements, paragraphs 95 and 97 of the outcome document of the
Ad-Hoc Working Group on long-term cooperative action (AWG-LCA) echo these
funding principles on long-term finance that scaled up, new and additional,
predictable and adequate funding shall be provided to developing country
Parties.
Since Durban, a series of workshops on long term finance sought to provide further
clarity on how to mobilise climate finance.
Working for the recognition
protection and fulfillment of indigenous peoples rights
Polluter pays this principle relates the level of both historical and current
greenhouse gas emissions to the amount each country should pay for climate
action, with an understanding of a common but differentiated responsibility and
respective capabilities determines climate finance as distinctly different from aid
flows.
Respective capability contributions should relate to a measure of national
wealth more broadly defined, as well as the status and trend of national economic
and social development (the right to sustainable development referred to in Art. 3.4
of the Convention). A countrys obligation to pay for climate action and whether to
transfer funds internationally or implement them domestically should be
correlated with a sustainable and universally accepted living standard for each of its
citizens.
New and additional funding should be additional to existing official development
assistance (ODA) commitments and other pre-existing flows from developed
countries to avoid the diversion of funding for development needs to climate
change actions, commonly understood to be above the 0.7 % of gross national
income (GNI) that has been the ODA target.
Multilateralchannelsforclimatefinanceas
implementingagenciesandinstitutions
Multilateralclimatefinanceinitiativesoftenbreakfromcontributor
countrydominatedgovernancestructures,typicalindevelopment
financeinstitutions.
Givesdevelopingcountrygovernmentsgreatervoiceandrepresentation
indecisionmaking.
Stepstoincreaseinclusionandaccountabilityinmultilateralfund
governancehavealsobeentaken,includingby:creatingarolefornon
governmentalstakeholdersasobserverstofundmeetings,withvarying
degreesofactiveparticipationopportunities
AF - Amazon Fund
BCCTF - Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund
BCRF - Bangladesh Climate Resilience Fund
FONERWA - Rwanda National Climate and Environment Fund
GRIF - Guyana REDD+ Investment Fund
ICCTF - Indonesia Climate Change Trust Fund
MCCF - Mexico Climate Change Fund
PSF - Philippines People's Survival Trust
FCPF-CBP
Eligibility criteria for the selection of activities within the regions are proposed:
Be located in FCPF REDD Country Participants;
Be proposed by networks or organizations of Forest-Dependent Indigenous
Peoples and/or Southern CSOs and local communities, as appropriate, or be
explicitly endorsed by relevantnetworks and organizations;
Prepare national and regional organizations of Forest-Dependent Indigenous
Peoples and/orSouthern CSOs, as appropriate, to contribute to their national
REDD+ readiness processes;
Reinforce the national REDD+ readiness efforts;
Include regional and/or national capacity building workshops and initiatives on
REDD+;
Emphasize the dissemination of capacity building benefits to local communities;
and
Show how FCPF support to Forest-Dependent Indigenous Peoples and
Southern CSOs and local communities will be leveraged to attract additional
support.
FCPF-CBP
Research and policy work on land tenure, social and environmental issues;
Sustainable livelihoods and governance issues in the context of REDD+
Readiness;
DGM is a global initiative conceived and developed as a special window under the
Forest Investment Program (FIP) to provide grants to Indigenous Peoples and
Local Communities (IPLCs) intended to enhance their capacity and support
initiatives to strengthen their participation in FIP and other REDD+ processes at the
local, national and global levels
DGM Design was developed by a working group of IPs/LCs, facilitated by the CIF
Administrative Unit (AU) to be implemented in the 8 FIP Pilot Countries through
Country Grants Projects, under an overarching umbrella of a Global Component,
which will serve as the learning and knowledge-exchange platform for the DGM
Framework Guidelines for the DGM define the common framework for
implementation of the DGM and will serve as guidance to all stakeholders
participating in the program, including FIP Focal Points in the countries, the
National Executing Agencies (NEAs), members of the National Steering
Committees (NSCs), the Global Executing Agency (GEA) and Global Steering
Committee (GSC) of the DGM, civil society, IPLCs, CIF AU and the MDBs.
It also acknowledges that climate finance decisions are not made within a
normative vacuum, but must be guided by the acknowledgement of
womens rights as unalienable human rights.
According to the CIF gender review, these vary from the inclusion during project
preparation of recipient country government agencies focused on women and
gender or gender experts from country missions, to outreach to womens groups as
key stakeholders in consultations or the development of gender action plans for
specific projects.
Gender-responsive programme implementation is the real challenge going forward
with only a minority of the projects including gender indicators. Initial investment
plans analyzed by the 2012 CIF gender review of the Scaling-Up Renewable
Energy in Low-Income Countries Program (SREP), the newest of the CIFs, include
information about environmental, social and gender co-benefits by identifying
women as investment beneficiaries.
Efforts to secure greater involvement and empowerment of women andother
vulnerable groups appear uneven, however. the CIF gender review identified a
variety of concrete measures and tools that could strengthen its genderresponsiveness, including the development of a gender scorecard or detailed
guidance on collecting data via gender-responsive indicators.
Under Adaptation Fund, operational guidelines were adopted that require the
inclusion of gender considerations in project and programme planning, as well as in
project consultation processes as an important review criterion. In October 2013, a
new environmental and social policy was approved, which further strengthened the
Funds attention to gender, as the policy outlines respect for human rights and
support for gender equality and womens empowerment as key principles for the
design and implementation of Adaptation Fund projects and programmes.
The GEF is one of the longest standing international climate funds, but gender
considerations until more recently have not been prominent in program review and
approval processes, for example for the Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF) and
the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF). In 2011, the GEF adopted a Policy
on Gender Mainstreaming which requires all existing GEF agencies (mostly MDBs
and UN agencies) to be assessed for their compliance with the GEF gender
mainstreaming mandate
GCF mandates gender balance for its staff and Board, for example. Recent
Board decisions taken in the context of operationalizing the fund request the
formulation of a separate GCF gender policy and actionplan as well as the
integration of gender considerations in approved operational modalities and
policies.
Continuing dialogues with IPs and multilateral bodies, state parties, UN agencies, policy
board members to sensitize them on IP priorities/concerns for their support
Ensuring the respect and recognition of IP rights and traditional knowledge in all climate
change adaptation/mitigation measures
Iyaman!
Thank You!
www.tebtebba.org