Q1. What is Grade of service and blocking probability?

What are delay systems

in
telecommunication networks?

Q2. Explain the basic architecture of digital switching systems. Explain the block diagram of
subscribers line interface circuit for a digital exchange.
Q3. Describe the various signalling techniques. Compare in-channel signalling
with
common channel signaling, which is more advantageous.
Q4. What is centralized SPC? what are its modes of operation? explain the
working of
any one of these?
Q5. Explain the architecture of SS7 and compare with seven-layer OSI
architecture.
Q6. Through two block diagrams explain the difference between Space division
and
time division switching.
Q7. Explain the CCITT hierarchical structure of switching and routing using block
schematic.
Q8. What are the advantages of CCS over in-channel signalling?
Q9. Explain crossbar exchange, with all call processing steps and diagrams.
Q10. What is Traffic Engineering? Define the term busy hour, traffic intensity and
grade
of service.
Q11. Explain the process of inter-register signalling.
Q12. Explain the principles of operation of centralized SPC and distributed SPC
and
compare their performance.
Q13. What is the difference between message switching and packet switching,
explain
typical packet switching network configuration.
Q14. With the help of a neat diagram explain the configuration of a step by step
switching system.
Q15. A three stage network is realized by using switching matrices of size p x s
in stage1, r x r matrices in stage 2 and s x p matrices in stage 3. Using the

Lee's probability graph show that the Blocking Probability for the three stage
network is given by

Where k s / p and Inlet utilization factor

Q16. Discuss grade of service. During busy hour, 1500 calls were offered to a
group of
trunks and 8 calls were lost. The average call duration was 120 seconds.
Calculate the traffic offered, traffic lost, Grade of service and total duration of
congestion.

Q17. In a two stage network there are 512 inlets and outlets, r=s=24. If the
probability that
a given inlet is active is 0.8, calculate:
(i) The switching elements
(ii) Switching capacity
(iii) Blocking probability
Q18. Define congestion and grade of service. In a particular exchange during
busy hour
1200 calls were offered to a group of trunks, during this time 6 calls were lost.
The
average call duration being 3 minutes Calculate
(i) traffic offered in erlangs
(ii) traffic lost
(iii) grade of service and
(iv) period of congestion
Q19. In a subscriber loop that contains a series resistance of 300 ohms to
protect the batteries in the exchange, a normalized telephone draws 10 mA and
its standard input d.c. resistance is 50 ohms. Calculate the maximum distance at
which a subscriber can get good speech reproduction if a cable of 52 ohms/km
resistance is used. If a standard hand set of 30 mA current is used what will be
the change.
Q20. A call processor in an exchange requires 120 ms to service a complete call.
What is the BHCA rating for the processor? If the exchange is capable of carrying
700 Erlangs of traffic, what is the call completion rate? Assume an average call
holding time of 2 minutes.
Q21. Discuss the error free transmission of packets in TCP/IP.How IP addressing
is achieved?
Q22.What do you understand by distributed stored program control? Describe
three level processing of distributed stored program control.Derive the formula
for availability of single and dual processor architecture.

Q23. Calculate the maximum access time that can be permitted for the data and
control
memories in a TSI switch with a single input and single output trunk multiplexing
2500 channels. Also, estimate the cost of the switch and compare it with that of
a
single stage space division switch.
Q24. Calculate the number of trunks that can be supported on a time
multiplexed space
switch given that, 32 channels are multiplexed in each stream, while the control
memory access time is 100 ns and the bus switching and transferring time is
100 ns
per transfer.
Q25. Give the classification of switching system. Compare the switching techniques used in PSTN.
.