Literature Review

A literature review may constitute an essential chapter of a thesis or dissertation, or may be a

self-contained review of writings on a subject. In either case, its purpose is to:

Place each work in the context of its contribution to the understanding of the subject
under review

Describe the relationship of each work to the others under consideration

Identify new ways to interpret, and shed light on any gaps in, previous research

Resolve conflicts amongst seemingly contradictory previous studies

Identify areas of prior scholarship to prevent duplication of effort

Point the way forward for further research

Place one's original work (in the case of theses or dissertations) in the context of existing
literature

The review of literature signifies the selection of available documents (both published and
unpublished) on the topic, which contain information, ideas, data and evidence written from a
particular standpoint to fulfil certain aims or express certain views on the nature of the topic and
how it is to be investigated, and the effective evaluation of these documents in relation to the
research being proposed. There are various research papers which were taken for the present
study were as follows:-

Data Analysis and Interpretation

Data analysis involves working to uncover patterns and trends in data sets; data interpretation
involves explaining those patterns and trends. The usual analysis approach is to begin with
descriptive analyses, to explore and gain a feel for the data. The analyst then turns to address
specific questions from the study aims or hypotheses, from findings and questions from studies
reported in the literature, and from patterns suggested by the descriptive analyses. Before
analysis begins in earnest, though, a considerable amount of preparatory work must usually be
carried out. The major objectives which are considered while doing data analysis were as
follows:1. Evaluate and enhance data quality
2. Describe the study population and its relationship to some presumed source (account for all
In-scope potential subjects; compare the available study population with the target
Population)
3. Assess potential for bias (e.g., non- response, refusal, and attrition, comparison groups)
4. Estimate measures of frequency and extent (prevalence, incidence, means, and medians)

5. Estimate measures of strength of association or effect

6. Assess the degree of uncertainty from random noise (chance)
7. Control and examine effects of other relevant factors
8. Seek further insight into the relationships observed or not observed
9. Evaluate impact or importance