Transport Phenomena Data Companion

TRANSPORT PHENOMENA
DATA COMPANION
L.P.B.M. Janssen
M.M.C.G. Warmoeskerken
TRANSPORT
PHENOMENA
DATA COMPANION
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TRANSPORT
PHENOMENA
DATA COMPANION
L.P.B.M. Janssen
professor at the Department of
Chemical Engineering of
Groningen University
professor at the Faculty of
Science and Technologyof the
University of Twente
VSSD
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Transport Phenomena Data Companion
VSSD
First edition 1987
Third edition 1997, 2001, 2006
Published by:
VSSD
Leeghwaterstraat 42, 2628 CA Delft, The Netherlands
tel. +31 15 27 82124, telefax +31 15 27 87585, e-mail: hlf@vssd.nl
internet: http://www.vssd.nl/hlf
URL on this and related books: http://www.vssd.nl/hlf/c017.htm
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photo-copying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of the publisher.
Printed in The Netherlands
ISBN 90-71301-59-1
NUR 952
Keywords: transport phenomena
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Preface
Many of the data needed for calculations in chemical engineering are dispersed over the
literature. Moreover, various systems of units are used, often forcing the user to perform
tedious conversions before a quick calculation can be started. In this companion the
authors have compiled those data that, according to their experience, are used frequently
in transport phenomena and related subjects and, since all data are in S.I. units, rapid
access to various calculations is facilitated.
This book is of course no substitute for a complete literature survey and no compendium
on all data available in literature. On many occasions a selection had to be made from
a multitude of expressions. For instance, for the mass transfer to bubbles, drops and
particles, dozens of correlations are available. In those cases the most general correlation
or the expression most commonly used has been chosen.
This companion consists of four parts. The first part is general and gives information
varying from the Greek alphabet to calibration curves for thermocouples and pH ranges
of indicators.
The second part consists of frequently used mathematics. In addition to general
mathematical techniques, a selection of vectorial and tensorial calculus relevant to hydrodynamics and elementary rheology has been added.
The third part is a compendium of the transport phenomena. A systematic arrangement
facilitates its use. The figures are in such a form that easy reading and accuracy are
combined.
In the final part various material properties are given. Special attention has been paid to
the most commonly used materials: air and water, but also frequently used materials like
for instance hydrocarbons, foods and others are included.
For easy access to the data an extensive index is very important, so, special attention has
been given to make the index as complete as possible.
We hope this book will be useful for all those involved in transport phenomena, students,
scientists as well as engineers, and we are grateful to everybody who has contributed
to improve this companion by suggestions and criticism. Any further suggestions and
amendments will be gratefully received.
Groningen and Delft,
L.P.B.M. Janssen
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77
Contents
MISCELLANEOUS
Greek Alphabet
S.I. Prefixes
Periodic Table
Mathematical Constants
Standard S.I. Units
Derived S.I. Units
Physical Constants
Conversion Factors
Temperature Scales
Approximations for Physical Properties
Therrnocouples
pH Range of Acid Base Indicators
11
12
12
13
14
14
14
15
16
18
19
20
24
MATHEMATICS
Volume and Surface of Some Bodies
Integrals
Elementary Differential Equations
Approximations for Bessel Functions
The Error Function
Laplace Transforms
Properties
Frequently used Laplace transforms
Vectors and Tensors
Differentiation in Vector and Tensor Notation
Linear Regression
25
26
29
37
39
42
43
43
45
47
49
52
TRANSPORT PHENOMENA
Concentration Notation
Microscopic Balances in General Form
Bernoulli Equations
Balances for Idealised Materials
Frequently Occurring Flow Fields in Tensor Notation
Rheological Models
53
54
55
58
59
62
63
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Pressure Throughput Characteristics for the Flow of Liquids

Through a Straight Round Tube
Residence Time Distribution
Quantities and Their Dimensions
Alphabetical List of Dimensionless Numbers
Frequently Used Dimensionless Correlations
Analogies between Heat Transfer and Mass Transfer
Drag Coefficient C w for Flow around Obstacles
Richardson-Zaki equation
Friction coefficient Cw of packed beds as a function of Reh
Drag coefficients for flow around spheres, cylinders and
disks
Friction Coefficient Kw for Flow through Tube Systems
Friction factor for flow in tubes
Hydraulic diameters
The power number Po of impellers as a function of Re
Humidity Diagrams for Air-Water Systems at Atmospheric
Pressure
Fourier Instationary Heat and Mass Transfer
Shapes of Free Rising Bubbles or Drops in Newtonian Liquids
Rising Velocity of Air Bubbles in Water
Rising Velocity or Fall Velocity of Drops in Liquids of Low
Viscosity
Two Phase Gas-Liquid Flow in Horizontal Tubes
Two Phase Cocurrent Flow of Gas-Liquid through Vertical Tubes
Formation of Bubbles at a Nozzle
Heat and Mass Transfer for Flow around Spheres
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Water
The Prandtl number
Thermal diffusion coefficient
Heat of vaporization
Cubic expansion coefficient
Dielectrical constant
Surface tension
Electrical conductivity
Density
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65
66
68
70
75
78
79
80
80
81
82
84
86
87
88
90
93
94
95
96
98
99
100
101
102
103
103
104
103
105
105
105
106
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Contents
Vapor pressure
Thermal conductivity coefficient
Dynamic viscosity
Specific heat
Compressibility
Refractive index
Velocity of sound
Properties of water and steam above 100 C
Physical Properties of Ice
Air
Composition of air
The Prandtl number
Thermal diffusion coefficient
Density
Dynamic viscosity
Thermal conductivity coefficient
Specific heat
Ratio of specific heats
Sound velocity
Physical Properties of Some Materials
Density, specific heat and heat conductivity coefficient
Heat of combustion of some fuels
Properties of natural gas
Melting point and heat of melting of some materials
Properties of some liquids
Properties of some gases
Physical properties of some metals
Absorption coefficient a of various surfaces for heat
radiation
Electrical conductivity of some aqueous solutions
Cubic coefficient of expansion of some liquids
Eutectic temperature of freezing mixtures with snow or ice
Properties of some plastics
Refractive index of aqueous solutions at 20 C
Properties of foods
Viscosities of foods
Compressibility of Gases
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8-9
107
107
108
109
110
110
111
111
112
113
113
113
114
114
115
115
116
116
116
117
117
117
118
118
119
120
121
121
122
123
123
124
126
127
128
129
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10
10

Critical constants, boiling point and molecular weight of

various substances
Solubility Table
Solubility Parameters
Liquified gases at 90 K
Liquid solvents at 25 C
Amorphous polymers near 25 C
Diffusion Coefficients
Diffusion coefficients of gases in water
Diffusion coefficients of gases and vapours in air
Diffusion coefficients of ions in water at very low
concentrations
Henry's Law
Henry's law constant for the solubility of gases in water
Henry's law constant for the solubility of gases in ionic
solutions
Equilibrium Data for Hydrocarbons
Dynamic Viscosity
Dynamic viscosity of ethanol-water solutions
Dynamic viscosity of glycerol-water solutions
Dynamic viscosity of glycerol-water solutions as a function
of temperature at different weight percentages of glycerol
Dynamic viscosity of cane sugar dissolved in water as a
function of temperature at different weight percentages of
cane sugar
Dynamic viscosity of PVP (type K.90) dissolved in tap
water at 20 C
Dynamic viscosity of some gases as a function of
temperature at atmospheric pressure
Surface Tension
Surface tension of some inorganic substances in water
against air
Surface tension against air and interfacial tension against
water of some organic liquids
Surface tension against air of some water-organic liquid
solutions
INDEX
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130
131
134
134
134
134
135
135
135
136
137
137
138
139
144
144
146
147
148
149
150
151
151
152
153
154
10-11
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Miscellaneous
11
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12
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12-13
Greek Alphabet S.I. Prexes
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13
Periodic Table
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12-13
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14
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14-15
Mathematical Constants
Standard S.I. Units Derived S.I. Units
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15
Physical Constants
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14-15
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16
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16-17
Conversion Factors
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17
Conversion Factors (continued)
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16-17
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18
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18-19
Conversion Factors (continued)

Temperature Scales
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19
Approximations for Physical Constants of Water and Air
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18-19
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20
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20-21
Thermocouples
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21
Thermocouples (continued)
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20-21
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22
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22-23
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23
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22-23
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24
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pH Range of Acid Base Indicators
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Mathematics
25
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24-25
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26
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26-27
Volume and Surface of Some Bodies
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27
Volume and Surface of Some Bodies (continued)
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26-27
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28
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28-29
Volume and Surface of Some Bodies (cont.)
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29
Integrals
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28-29
23-05-2006, 09:52
30
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30-31
Integrals (continued)
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31
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30-31
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32
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32-33
23-05-2006, 09:52
33
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32-33
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34
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34-35
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35
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34-35
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36
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36-37
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37
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36-37
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38
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38-39
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39
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38-39
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40
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40-41
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41
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40-41
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42
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42-43
The Error Function
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43
Laplace Transforms
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42-43
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44
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44-45
Laplace Transforms
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45
Laplace Transforms
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44-45
23-05-2006, 09:52
46
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46-47
Laplace Transforms
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47
Vectors and Tensors
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46-47
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48
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48-49
Vectors and Tensors (continued)
23-05-2006, 09:52
49
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48-49
23-05-2006, 09:52
50
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50-51
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51
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50-51
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52
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52-53
Linear Regression
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Transport
Phenomena
53
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52-53
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54
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54-55
Concentration Notation
23-05-2006, 09:52
55
Microscopic Balances in General Form
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54-55
23-05-2006, 09:52
56
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56-57
Microscopic Balances in General Form (cont.)
23-05-2006, 09:52
57
Microscopic Balances in General Form (cont.)
c017.indBS
56-57
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58
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58-59
Bernoulli Equations
23-05-2006, 09:52
59
Balances for Idealised Materials
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60
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Balances for Idealised Materials (cont.)
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energy balance for Newtonian fluids with constant density and constant heat conductivity
Balances for Idealised Materials (cont.)
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61
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62
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62-63
Frequently Occurring Flow

Fields in Tensor Notation
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63
Rheological Models
c017.indBS
62-63
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64
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64-65
Rheological Models (continued)
23-05-2006, 11:12
Pressure-Throughput Characteristics for Laminar Flow of Liquids in a Straight Round Tube
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64-65
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65
66
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66-67
Residence Time Distribution
23-05-2006, 11:12
67
Residence Time Distribution (continued)
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66-67
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68
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68-69
Quantities and their Dimensions
23-05-2006, 11:12
69
Quantities and their Dimensions (continued)
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Dimensionless Numbers
Alphabetical List of Dimensionless Numbers
70
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71
Dimensionless Numbers (continued)
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72
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72-73
23-05-2006, 11:12
73
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72-73
23-05-2006, 11:12
74
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74-75
23-05-2006, 11:12
75
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74-75
23-05-2006, 11:12
76
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76-77

(continued)
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77
Frequently Used Dimensionless Correlations (continued)
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78
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78-79
Analogies between Heat Transfer

and Mass Transfer
23-05-2006, 11:12
79
Drag Coefcient Cw for Flow around Obstacles
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78-79
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80
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80-81
Drag Coefcient Cw for Flow

around Obstacles (continued)
23-05-2006, 11:12
81
Drag Coefcient Cw for Flow around Obstacles (continued)
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80-81
23-05-2006, 11:12
82
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82-83
Friction Coefcient Kw for

Flow through Tube Systems
23-05-2006, 11:12
83
Friction Coefcient Kw for Flow through Tube Systems (continued)
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84
c017.indBS
84-85

Flow through Tube Systems (continued)
23-05-2006, 11:12
85
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84-85
23-05-2006, 11:12
86
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86-87

Flow through Tube Systems (continued)
23-05-2006, 11:12
87
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86-87
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88
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88-89
Humidity Diagram for Air-Water Systems at

Atmospheric Pressure (I)
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89
Humidity Diagram for Air-Water Systems at Atmospheric Pressure (II)
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90
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23-05-2006, 11:12
91
Fourier Instationary Heat and Mass Transfer (continued)
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92
c017.indBS
92-93

(continued)
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93
Shapes and Free Rising Bubbles or Drops in Newtonian Liquids
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94
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94-95
Rising Velocity of Air Bubbles in Water
23-05-2006, 11:12
Rising Velocity or Fall Velocity of Drops in Liquids of Low Viscosity hc < 5 m Pa s
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94-95
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95
96
c017.indBS
96-97
Two Phase Gas-Liquid Flow

in Horizontal Tubes
23-05-2006, 11:12
97
Two Phase Gas-Liquid Flow in Horizontal Tubes (continued)
c017.indBS
96-97
23-05-2006, 11:12
98
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98-99
Two Phase Cocurrent Flow of Gas-Liquid

through Vertical Tubes
23-05-2006, 11:12
99
Formation of Bubbles at a Nozzle
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23-05-2006, 11:12
100
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100-101
Heat and Mass Transfer for

Flow around Spheres
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Material
Properties
101
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102
Water
Water
Prandtl
thermal diffusion coefficient
heat of vaporization
cubic expansion coefficient
dielectrical constant
surface tension
electrical conductivity
density
vapor pressure
thermal condutivity coefficient
dynamic viscosity
specific heat
compressibility
refractive index
velocity of sound
properties of water and steam above 100 C
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103
Water (continued)
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104
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104-105
Water (continued)
24-05-2006, 12:38
105
Water (continued)
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24-05-2006, 12:38
106
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106-107
Water (continued)
24-05-2006, 12:38
107
Water (continued)
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24-05-2006, 12:38
108
c017.indBS
108-109
Water (continued)
24-05-2006, 12:38
109
Water (continued)
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108-109
24-05-2006, 12:38
110
c017.indBS
110-111
Water (continued)
24-05-2006, 12:38
111
Water (continued)
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110-111
24-05-2006, 12:38
112
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112-113
Physical Properties of Ice
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113
Air
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112-113
24-05-2006, 12:38
114
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114-115
Air (continued)
24-05-2006, 12:38
115
Air (continued)
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24-05-2006, 12:38
116
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116-117
Air (continued)
24-05-2006, 12:38
117
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116-117
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118
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118-119

(cotinued)
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119
Physical Properties of Some Materials (continued)
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120
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120-121

(continued)
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121
c017.indBS
120-121
24-05-2006, 12:38
122
c017.indBS
122-123

(continued)
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123
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122-123
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124
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124-125

(continued)
24-05-2006, 12:38
125
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124-125
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126
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126-127

(continued)
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127
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126-127
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128
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128-129

(continued)
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129
Compressibility of Gases
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24-05-2006, 12:38
130
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130-131
Compressibility of Gases (continued)
24-05-2006, 12:38
131
Solubility Table
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24-05-2006, 12:38
132
Solubility Table
Solubility
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24-05-2006, 12:38
133
Table
c017.indBS
132-133
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134
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Solubility Parameters
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135
Diffusion Coefcients
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136
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136-137
Diffusion Coefcients (continued)
24-05-2006, 12:38
137
Henrys Law
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24-05-2006, 12:38
138
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138-139
Henrys Law (continued)
24-05-2006, 12:38
139
Equilibrium Data for Hydrocarbons
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24-05-2006, 12:38
140
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140-141
Equilibrium Data for Hydrocarbons (continued)
24-05-2006, 12:38
141
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140-141
24-05-2006, 12:38
142
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142-143
24-05-2006, 12:38
143
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142-143
24-05-2006, 12:38
144
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144-145
Dynamic Viscosity
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145
Dynamic Viscosity (continued)
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24-05-2006, 12:38
146
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146-147
24-05-2006, 12:38
147
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146-147
24-05-2006, 12:38
148
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148-149
24-05-2006, 12:38
149
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148-149
24-05-2006, 12:38
150
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150-151
24-05-2006, 12:38
151
Surface Tension
c017.indBS
150-151
24-05-2006, 12:38
152
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152-153
Surface Tension (continued)
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153
Surface Tension (continued)
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154
Index
90 open channel, hydraulic
diameters 86
A
a naphtol benzeine 24
Abels theorem 44
absolute humidity 19, 88, 89
absorption coefficient 121
acetate 133
acetic acid 123, 153
acetone 119, 123, 126, 153
acetylene 117, 120, 130, 135
acid base indicators 24
actinide series 13
activation energy 68, 70
adiabatic cooling line 88, 89
adiabatic flow ideal gas 58
air 19, 113, 120, 130, 137
air-water system 88, 89
alcohol 117, 123
alizarine, yellow 24
alphabet, greek 12
aluminium 118, 121, 132
, sulphate 151
ammonia 117, 120, 130, 135
ammonium 132, 150
, chloride 123, 151
, hydroxide 151
amyl alcohol 153
analogies between heat
transfer and mass transfer
78
aniline 152, 153
annular 96
antimony 118, 133
sauce 127, 128
approximation formulae for
thermocouples 20
aqueous solution 122, 126
Archimedes 75
, number 70
argon 113, 134, 135
Arrhenius number 70
arsenate 132
arsenite 132
asbestos 117, 121
asphalt 117
atomic mass 13
atomic number 13
avogadro number 15
axial diffusion 70
azolithmine 24
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154-155
B
balanced idealised materials
59
balances 55
barium 132
barium chloride 151
basic integrals 2934
benzaldehyde 152
benzene 119, 123, 130, 134,
135, 152
benzyl alcohol 152
Bernoulli equations 58
Bernoulli, differential
equations 37
Bessel functions 3941
Bessel, differential equations
38
biaxial elongation 62
binary diffusion coefficient 19
binary vapour-liquid
equilibrium 139
Bingham 64, 128
, number 70
, plastic 63, 65
Biot number 70
bismuth 133
black bodies 121
black lacques 121
Blake-Kozeny 80
Blasius flow 75
block 26
Bodenstein number 70
boiling point 130
Boltzman constant 15
Bond number 70
borate 132
brass 118, 121
brick 117, 121
brilliant cresyl blue 24
Brinkman number 70
bromide 132, 134, 136
bromo cresol blue 24
bromo cresol purple 24
bromo phenol blue 24
brown coal 117
bubble flow 98
bubble formation 99
bubble shape 93
bulk expansion coefficient 69
buoyancy force 72
Burke-Plummer 80
butane 117
butanol 153
butter 127
butyric acid 153
C
cadmium 118, 133, 136
calcium 132, 136
, chloride 123, 151
candela 14
cane sugar 148
caproic acid 153
carbon dioxide 120, 130, 135,
10
carbon disulfide 134
carbon monoxide 117, 130,
134
carbon tetrachloride 134, 152
carbon tetrafluoride 134
carbonate 132
carbondioxide 113
Casson 128
, fluid 63
Cauchy number 70
Cauchy, differential equations
38
cellulose acetate 124
cellulose diacetate 134
Celsius 18
centrifugal force 71
cesium 136
characteristic length 68
characteristic process time 71
chemical reaction rate 71, 74
chemical resistance 125
Chilton-Colburn analogy 78
chlorate 132
chloric acid 122, 123
chloride 132, 136
chlorine 120, 135
chloro phenol red 24
chloroform 119, 123, 152
chocolate 128, 132
chromel/alumel thermocouple
2023
chromium 118, 121, 132
classical Maxwell fluid 63
coal 117, 121
cobalt 118, 121, 133
codeformational derative 51
composition of air 113
composition of gas 118
compressibility 110
, gas 129
concentration notation 54
concentric tube, hydraulic
diameters 86
concrete 117
conduction of heat 70
24-05-2006, 12:38
155
Index
conductive heat transfer 72,
73
conductive transport of heat
71
cone 27
consistency 63, 65, 128
continuity equation 58, 59
contraction 82, 70
convective heat transfer 72,
73
convective mass transfer rate
71
convective transport of heat
71
conversion factor 16
copper 118, 121, 133
, sulphate 123, 151
copper/constantan
thermocouple 2023
cork 117
corn oil 127
corn syrrup 148
cotton seed oil 128
cream 128
cresol red 24
critical constant 130
critical pressure 129
critical temperature 129
critical volume 129
crystallization temperature
125
cube 26
curl vector field 50
curve-fit 52
Cw coefficient 79
cyanide 132
cyclohexane 130, 134, 152
cyclohexanol 152
cyclopentane 130
cylinder 27
, segment 27
D
Damkhler number 71
Dean number 71
Deborah number 71
deformation tensor 62
density 19, 54, 69, 106, 114,
117121, 124, 127
, water 111
derived S.I. units 14
dielectrical constant 105
diethylketone 153
differential equations 3738
differentiation in tensor
notation 49
differentiation in vector
notation 49
diffusion coefficient 68, 135,
136
c017.indBS
154-155
diffusive mass transfer 73, 74

diffusive mass transfer rate 74
dimensionless correlation 75
77
dimensionless number 7074
dimensions 67
dimethyl yellow 24
dirac puls 45
dispersed flow 98
divergence vector field 50
drag coefficient 79, 81
drop 93
, shape 93
dynamic viscosity 69, 108,
115, 144150
E
effective diffusion time 72
effective time for heat
conduction 72
elastic force 71, 72
elasticity number 71
electrical conductivity 105,
122
enamel 121
energy balance 57, 61
enlargement 82
enthalpy of water 111
entropy of water 111
Etvs number 71, 93
equation of continuity 55
equation of motion 58, 60, 56
equilibrium constants
hydrocarbons 140143
equilibrium data 139
erfx 42
Ergun 80
error function 42
ethane 117, 130, 134
ethanol 119, 126, 135, 152,
153
ethanol-water solution 144,
145
ethyl benzene 134, 152
ethyl ether 119, 135, 152
ethyl propyl ketone 152
ethylbenzene 130
ethylene 130, 135
Euler, differential equations
38
eutectic temperature 123
exit age distribution 66
expansion coefficient 104, 123
external heat transfer
resistance 70
external mass transfer
resistance 70
Eyring fluid 63
F
fahrenheit 18
fall velocity drops in liquid 95
Fanning friction factor 71
ferricyanide 132
ferrocyanide 132
ferrosulphate 151
film flow 98
fish 127
flour 127
flow around obstacles 79
flow around spheres 100
flow field tensor notation 62
flow resistance 79
flow, dimensionless correlation
75
fluidisation velocity 75
fluoride 132
food 127, 128
Fourier 90
, number 72, 9092, 100
free rising bubbles 93
freezing mixture 123
friction coefficient 80, 82
friction factor 75, 84, 85, see
also Fanning friction factor
frictionless flow 58
froth 96
Froude number 72
fuel 117
fuel oil 117
G
Galileo number 72
gas constant 15, 68, 129
gas-liquid flow 96
glass 117, 121
glucose 126
glycerol 118, 119, 123, 126
glycerol-water solution 146,
147
gold 118, 121, 133
gradient scalar field 50
Graetz 75, 76
, number 72
granite 117
Grashof 76, 77
, number 72
gravitational acceleration 15,
68
gravitational force 7072
greek alphabet 12
gypsum 121
H
half filled pipe, hydraulic
diameters 86
Hatta number 72
heat capacity of fluid 74
heat conductivity 19, 127
24-05-2006, 12:38
156
, coefficient 117, 119

121
heat of combustion 117, 118
heat of melting 118
heat of reaction 69, 71
heat of vaporization 104
, water 111
heat transfer 74, 100
, coefficient 68
, dimensionless
correlation 75
, number 78
Heaviside theorem 44
helium 113, 120, 135, 150
Henrys law 137, 138
hertz 14
homogeneous, differential
equations 37
honey 128
Hooke number 72
horizontal tubes 96
humidity diagram 88, 89
hydraulic diameters 86
hydrocarbon 139
hydrodynamic boundary layer
74
, thickness 73
hydrogen 113, 117, 120, 130,
135, 137, 150
, chloride 126, 151
, nitrate 151
, sulfide 120, 130, 135
, sulphate 151
hydroxide 132
I
ice 117, 118, 121, 127
ideally mixed tank 66, 67
ideally mixed tanks in serie 67
ignition temperature 118
impellers 87
incompressible medium 58
inertia force 7074
instationery heat transfer 90
instationery mass transfer 90
integrals 2936
interfacial tension 152
internal age distribution 66
internal heat transfer
resistance 70
internal mass transfer
resistance 70
invariant of tensor 48
iodide 132, 136
iron 118, 121, 133
iron/constantan thermocouple
2023
isobutane 130
isopentane 130, 134
isothermal flow ideal gas 58
c017.indBS
156-157
J
J-factor analogy 78
Jaumann derative 51
Jaumann Maxwell fluid 64
Joule 14
K
Kelvin 14, 18
kilogram 14
kinematic viscosity 69
kinetic energy 71, 73
krypton 113
L
l-hexane 134
lamb 127
laminar flow 65
, round tube 67
lanthanide series 13
Laplace transforms 4346
Laplacian scalar field 50
Laplacian vector field 50
lead 118, 121, 133
Lewis number 72
linear expansion coefficient
121
linear regression 52
linear thermal expansion 124
liquid film, hydraulic diameters
86
liquid solvent 134
liquids 119
liquified gas 134
lithium chloride 151
M
m-xylene 130
maganese 132
, sulphate 151
magnesium 121, 132
, chloride 123, 151
, sulphate 151
manganese 118, 121
marble 117
margarine 128
mass balance 55, 59
mass fraction 54
mass transfer 100
, boundary layer 74
, boundary layer
thickness 72
, coefficient 68
, dimensionless
correlation 75
, number 78
, with chemical reaction
72
, without chemical
reaction 72
mathematical constants 14
Maxwell fluid 63
mayonnaise 128
melting point 118, 121
melting temperature 112
mercury 118, 121, 133
metals 121
meter 14
methane 117, 120, 130, 134,
150
methanol 119, 126, 135, 152,
153
methyl butyl ketone 152
methyl ether 123
methyl ethyl ketone 153
methyl propyl ketone 152
methyl red 24
methylcyclohexane 130
methylcyclopentane 130
milk 127,128
mixing rule 129
modified Bessel functions 41
modified Bessel, differential
equations 38
modulus of elasticity 69
molar concentration 54
molar mass 19, 54
mole fraction 19, 54
molecular weight 130
Morton number 73, 93
multicomponent system 129
mustard 128
N
n-butane 130
n-butanol 152
n-decane 130
n-heptane 119, 130
n-hexadecane 134
n-hexane 119, 130, 134, 152
n-nonane 130
n-octane 119, 130, 134, 152
n-pentane 119, 130, 134
n-pentanol 152, 153
nabla identities 50
nabla operator 49
natural gas 118
Navier-Stokes equation 56, 60
neon 113, 135
neopentane 134
neutral red 24
Newton 64, 65, 128
fluid 63
newton 14
newtonian liquids 93
nickel 118, 121, 132
nitramine 24
nitrate 132
nitric acid 119, 122, 123
nitro benzene 152
nitrogen 113, 120, 130, 134,
24-05-2006, 12:38
157
Index
135, 137, 150
, dioxide 135
nitrous oxide 135
nozzle 99
number averaged molar mass
54
Nusselt 7578
Nusselt number 73, 100
nylon 6/6 124
O
o-xylene 130, 152
oakwood 117
octahedron 26
oil 127, 128
Oldroyd derivative 51
Oldroyd Maxwell fluid 64
olive oil 127, 128
open channel, hydraulic
diameters 86
oranges 127
organic liquid 152
organic solution 153
oxalate 132
oxide 132
oxygen 113, 120, 130, 134,
135, 137, 150
ozone 113
P
p-xylene 130, 152
packed bed 80
paint 121
paraffin 118
, oil 117
Pascal 14
peanut oil 128
Pclet number 66, 73
penetration of heat 90
penetration of mass 90
pentane 123
perfluoro-n-heptane 134
periodic table 13
perspex 124
petrol 117
petroleum 117, 123
pH range 24
phenol 123, 153
, red 24
phenolphtalien 24
phenyl chloride 152
phosphate 132
physical constants 15
physical properties 19, 117
, phases 73
pipe entrance 83
pipe exit 83
plaster 117
plastic 124125
platinum 118, 121, 133
c017.indBS
156-157
platinum/platinum-rhodium
thermocouple 2023
plexiglass 124
plug flow 67
, with axial dispersion 67
plugs 96
plutonium 121
Poisseulle flow 75
polished marble 121
polyacrylonitrile 134
polyamide 6/6 124
polybutadiene 134
polycarbonate 124
polydimethyl silicone 134
polyethylene 124, 134
polyisobutylene 134
polymer 134
polymethyl methacrylate 134
polymethylmethacrylate 124
polypropene 124
polystyrene 134
polytetrafluoro ethylene 124
polyurethane 124
polyvinyl chloride 124, 134
polyvinylidene chloride 134
pork 127
potassium 121, 132
, bromide 151
, carbonate 151
, chloride 123, 151
, hydroxide 123
, nitrate 151
, nitrite 151
, sulphate 123, 151
potatoes 127
potential energy 73
poultry 127
Powell-Eyring fluid 63
power added 68, 73
power input 87
power law 63, 64, 65, 128
, index 63, 65, 128
power number 73, 87
power transferred to kinetic
energy 73
Prandtl 7578
, fluid 63
, number 73, 100, 103,
113, 119, 120
Prandtl-Eyring fluid 63
precious metal 121
prefix 12
pressure 19, 68
, throughput
characteristics 65
process time 72
propane 117, 120, 130, 150
propanol 119
properties of ice 112
properties of steam 111

properties of water 111
propionic acid 153
propylene 130, 135
PVP 149
pyramid 26
Q
quartz 117
R
radiation 121
rankine 18
Rayleigh number 73
reaction constant 68
rectangular pip, hydraulic
diameters 86
Redlich-Kwong 129
refractive index 110, 124, 126
relative humidity 19, 88, 89
relative roughness 84, 85
relaxation time 63, 69, 71
residence time 66
, distribution 66
Reynolds 80, 82
. number 73, 7579, 93,
100
rheogram 64
rheological model 63, 64
Richardson number 73
rising velocity air bubbles in
water 94
rising velocity drops in liquid
95
round tube, hydraulic
diameters 86
rubber 121
S
S.I. prefix 12
salicyl yellow 24
sauce 128
Schmidt 7678
, number 74, 100
second 14
second invariant deformation
tensor 63
second order fluid 63
separation of variables 37
service temperature 125
shear stress 63
, energy wall 65, 71
Sherwood 7678
, number 74, 100
silicate 132
silver 118, 121, 133
, nitrate 151
simple elongation 62
simple shear 62
slug flow 98
24-05-2006, 12:38
158
slugs 96
sodium 118, 121, 132, 136
, bromide 151
, carbonate 123
, chloride 122, 123, 126,
151
, hydroxide 122, 126,
151
, nitrate 123, 151
, sulphate 151
softening temperature 125
solubility 131133
, gas in ionic solution 138
, gas in water 137
, parameter 134
sound velocity 116
soup 128
soy bean oil 127, 128
specific heat 19, 68, 109, 112,
116, 117, 119, 120, 121,
124, 127
specific mass 69
specific volume dry air 88
specific volume saturated air
88
speed of light 15
sphere 28
, sector 28
, segment 28
spiral diameter 68
spray 96
standard pressure 15
standard S.I. units 14
standard temperature 15
Stanton number 74
steel 121
Stefan-Boltzman constant 15
straight round tube 65
stratified 96
strirrer diameter 68
strontium 132
styrene 134, 152
substantial derivative 51
sulfate 132, 136
sulfide 132
sulfur 118
, dioxide 120, 130
sulfuric acid 119, 122
surface calculations 2628
surface tension 69, 96, 105,
151153
, force 70, 71, 73, 74
T
T-junction 83
tantalum 121
teflon 134
temperature 19
, conversion 18
, scale 18
c017.indBS
158-159
tensor 4751
, mathematics 47
, operation 48
tetrachloroethylene 134
tetrahedron 26
thermal boundary layer
thickness 72, 73
thermal conductivity 69, 121,
124
, coefficient 107, 115
thermal diffusion 68
, coefficient 103, 114,
119, 120
thermal energy 70
thermocouples 20
thermovoltage 21
, high temperature 23
, low temperature 22
Thiele modulus 74
thiocyanate 132
thymol blue 24
thymol phatalein 24
tin 118, 121, 133
titanium 121
toluene 119, 130, 134, 135,
152
tomato juice 128
total derivative 51
total heat transfer 73
total mass transfer 74
transcendental functions,
integrals 3436
transformed Bessel,
differential equations 38
transparency 125
tropaelin 00 24
truncated cone 28
truncated cylinder 27
truncated pyramid 27
tube 27
tube system 82
turpentine 123
two phase flow 96, 98
visco-elastic force 74
viscosity 19, 63, 65, 118120,
127, 128
viscous dissipation 70
viscous force 7074
viscous stress 70
volume calculations 2628
volume ideal gas 15
W
water 19, 102, 119, 121, 130,
135
, content 127
, vapor 19
watt 14
wave 96
, flow 98
Weber number 74
Weissenberg number 74
Wiens displacement constant
15
Williamson fluid 63
wolfram 121
wood 117, 121
wool 117
X
xenon 113
xylene 135
Y
yield strength 124
yield stress 63, 65, 69, 70, 128
Z
zinc 118, 121, 132
zinc sulphate 151
U
uniaxial elongation 62
unit step 45
uranium 121
V
valve 83
Van der Waals 129
vapor pressure 107, 112
vaporization entropy 111
veal 127
vector 4751
, mathematics 47
, operations 48
velocity 69
, of sound 111
24-05-2006, 12:38

Many of the data needed for calculations in chemical engineering are dispersed
over the literature. Moreover, various systems of units are used, often forcing
the user to perform tedious conversions before a 'quick' calculation can be
started. In this companion the authors have compiled those data that, according
to their experience, are used frequently in transport phenomena and related
subjects. Since all data are in S.I. units, rapid access to various calculations is
facilitated.
This companion consists of four parts. The first part is general and gives
information varying from the Greek alphabet to calibration curves for thermocouples and pH ranges of indicators. The second part consists of frequently
used mathematics. In addition to general mathematical techniques, also a
selection of vectorial and tensorial calculus, relevant to hydrodynamics and
elementary rheology, has been included.
The third part is a compendium of the transport phenomena. A systematic
arrangement facilitates its use. The figures are in such a form that easy reading
and accuracy are combined.
In the final part various material properties are presented. Special attention has
been given to the most common materials: air and water, but also frequently
used materials like for instance hydrocarbons, foods and others.
Published by VSSD
URL on this book: http://www.vssd.nl/hlf/c017.htm
ISBN-10 90-71301-59-1
ISBN-13 978-90-71301-59-9
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