Chapter 7 Rizal in Europe (1882-1885)

First voyage to Spain

Left for Spain: May 3, 1882
20 years old
Vessel Salvadora
Sketches: coast of Manila Bay,
coastline of Palawan and Borneo
Passengers spoke ill of the
Philippines
First stop: Singapore
- 2 days: Hotel de Paz
- British Colony: had confidence
of British administrators
After 2 days: Djemnah
- Messageries Maritimes (French
company)
- Larger, cleaner
- Tries to speak French: cant be
understood
Point de Galle and Colombo
(Ceylon)
- Galle as a sleepy port
Crossed Indian Ocean
- Port of Aden (Yemen) where he
saw lion and leopard skins
- Ice broken by nail and placed
by bare hands
Suez canal
- Arabian Peninsula (right)
- African continent (left)
Africa
- Inhospitable but famous land
Port Said in Egypt
- Multicultural city
- Various languages like Arabic,
Greek, Egyptian, Italian and
Spanish
- Mixture of colorful customs of
East and West
Naples in Italy
- Panoramic beauty by the bay
- Liveliness of the people
Marseilles, France
- End of voyage of Djemnah
- Chateau dIf (venue of The
Count of Monte Cristo by
Alexander Dumas)
After 3 days in Marseilles
- Boarded train to Spain
Spanish border Portbou

Papers
checked
by
immigration officers
- Indifferent attitude of Spanish
immigration officers compared
to
courteous
French
counterparts
Barcelona
- Capital of Cataluna
- Spains second largest city
- Dark, dirty, ugly
- Little inns and unhospitable
- Enjoyed
freedom
and
liberalism
- Changed unfavorable view
- Enjoyed promenading at Las
Ramblas Street
Plaze de Cataluna
- Met
with
former
Ateneo
classmates
- Essay Amor Patrio (Love of
Country) with pen name LaonLaan
- Essay appeared in Diariong
Tagalog on Aug 20, 1882
Francisco Calvo
- Requested him to write more
articles for the newspaper
- Submitted Los Viajes (The
Travels)
- Revista de Madrid (Review of
Madrid) never saw print as
Diario went out of business
University Student in Madrid
Universidad Central de Madrid
(Nov. 3, 1882)
- Medicine
- Philosophy and Letters
Academy of San Carlos
- Painting, sculpture, French,
German, English
Hall of Sanz and Carbonell
- Private lessons: shooting and
fencing
700 pesos given by Paciano
- 35 pesos for food, clothing,
books
- 35 cents every bath
- 3 pesetas a draw: lottery
- Shows at theatres in Madrid

Visited friends at the Paterno

residence or sip coffee at Puerta
del Sol
Dr. Miguel Morayta
- Advocate of freedom and selfdetermination of all peoples
- Hailed as champino by liberal
students from South America
and Spains colonies
- Viewed as a maverick by his
colleagues
- Supporter of anarchists
- Expelled
Romantic Episode with Consuelo
Ortiga
Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey
- Spanish liberal who lived in the
Philippines during time of Gov.
General Carlos Ma. De la Torre
- Two daughters: Consuelo (Rizal
liked) and Pilar
Conseulo Ortiga y Rey
- Reciprocated Rizals feelings
- Rizal wrote a poem for her: A
la Senorita C.O. y R
- Rizal did not allow relations to
prosper: engaged to Leonor
Rivera
- Married Eduardo de Lete
Meeting with Future Reformists
Circulo Hispano-Filipino
- Filipinos and liberal Spaniards
- Had informal programs like
poetry reading and debates
- Rizal wrote them a poem: Me
Piden Versos (You ask me for
verses)
- Talked about reforms in the
Philippines
Enter into Freemasonry
Freemasonry outlawed since its
beliefs are contrary to the
churchs doctrines
Masons considered sinners
- Cant receive sacraments
- Denied Christian burial
- Buried
in
non-Catholic
cemeteries
Rizal was impressed by the
masons outlook in life

Knowledge achieved by light

of reason
- Universal brotherhood of men
- Attacked religious superstition
and obscurantism (hiding the
truth behind the veil of
religion)
Lodge Acacia
- Rizal entered into Freemasonry
(1883)
- Masonic name: Dimasalang
(ungraspable)
Rizal joined because:
- Opposed practices of friars in
the Philippines
- Believed
in
principles
of
brotherhood
- Needed support of fellow
masons who were prominent
in Spanish society
Stopped going to church regularly
Became master mason at Lodge
Solidaridad (Nov. 15, 1890)
After 2 years: still in Paris:
became master mason of Le
Grand Orient France (Feb. 15,
1892)
Avid Book Collector
Spared no amount in buying
books (so many books at page
103)
Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms
Cabin
Sues The Wandering Jew
- Similar to El Fili
Desnerada by Benito Perez Caldos
- Influenced Noli and El fili
Dona Perfecto by Benito Pereze
Caldos
- Also inspired Noli
- Dona Perfecta shows great
power that the church wielded
Financial crisis in Calamba (1883)
- World
price
of
sugar
plummeted
- Sugar left unsold
- Rend of land went up that year
- Manager of Dominican estate:
bitter as not given turkey by

Rizals family (cant kill ones

left kept for breeding)
- Paciano sold Rizals pony to
pay for his expenses
Speech that attracted attention of
reactionary Spaniards in Philippines
June 25, 1884
- Rizal entered contest in Greek
in Universidad Central de
Madrid
- Had not eaten a bite that
morning as he was peniless
- Still won a prize
On the evening: delivered speech
at banquet praising Filipinos
- 1st prize, Juan Luna: Spolarium
(corpses
of
dead
Roman
gladiators beeing dragged out
under the bowels of the
Coliseum)
- 2nd prize, Felix Resurreccion
Hidalgo: Virgenes Cristianas
Expuestas
al
Populacho
(Christian Virgins Exposed to
the Populace)
Speech was Rizals first becore a
public audience
- Genius is not the monopoly of
a any race
- Product of both Spain and
Philippines
- Refined sarcasm with the illwishers of the Filipinos to grant
reforms for the Philippines
El Liberal
- Mentioned Rizals speech
- Rizal made enemies with his
speech
- Dona
Teodora
filled
with
anxiety and not able to eat for
days
- Paciano told Rizal to be more
careful not to anger friars
- Stop pursuing studies that
could lead to his ruin
Completion of Studies in Spain
June 21, 1884
- Medical studies
- Licenciado
en
Medicina
(Licenciate in Medicine)

Enabled to practice medicine

Grade of Aprobado or Fair
Lower grades in Spain than in
UST
Continued studying subjects for a
Doctorate degree
- Didnt present thesis
- Didnt pay corresponding fees
Degree did not authorize him to
teach medicine
- Dr. Rizal as misnomer
- Never awarded title of Doctor
Maximo Viola
- Paid for fees so Rizal could get
certificate
and
practice
medicine
June 19, 1885
- Licenciado en Filosopfia y
Letras (Licentiate in Philosophy
and Letters)
- Sobresaliente
- Could serve as professor of
humanities in any Spanish
university
Decided to improve training in
medicine,
specializing
in
ophthalmology
Dr. Louis de Weckert
- Leading
French
ophthalmologist
- Assistant to him in Paris from
Oct 1885 to March 1886
Dr. Javier Galezowsky
- Polish
Otto Becker
- German
- Heidelberg 1886
Dr. R. Schulzer
- German
Dr. Schwiegger
- 1887
Feb 8, 1886
- Moved to Heidelberg, Germany
- Assistant in Dr. Galezowskys
clinic
Lived in boarding house with
German law students
- Played chess
A las Flores de Heidelberg

Poem by Rizal inspired by

blooming
flowers
of
the
university along Neckar River
- Took note of how Germans
lived
- Secret of prosperity after being
united as a nation in 1871
Karl Ulmer
- Protestant minister
- Rizal boarded in his house
- Became good friends with
- Rizal
commented
that
Catholicism was better than
Protestantism
Germany as center of scientific
research
- Went to Liepzig, Dresden, and
Berlin: famous for unversities
dating back to Middle Ages
Friedrich Ratzel
- German historian in Liepzig
- Translated Schillers William
Tell to Tagalog
Blumentritt
- Introduced Rizal to Feodor
Jagor
and
Hans
Virchow
(anthropologists studying on
Philippine culture)
Rizal had to master German
language

Tagalische Verkunst
- Tagalog Metrical Art
Ever busy working
- Doctors assistant by day and
attending lecture as University
of Berlin at night
- Took lessons in French
Berlin: finished Noli Me Tangere
- Printing
house:
BerlinerBruckrucrei-Action Gesselchaft
- Paid by: Dr. Maximo Viola (also
paid for medical fees as Rizal
was coughing out blood)
Grand tour of Europe
- Rizal and Viola
- May 13 to 17: Leitmeritz
- Brunn and Prague (Czech
Republic)
- Vienna to Lintz and Saltzburg
in Austria
- Back to Germany (Munich and
Ulm)
- Switzerland
(Basel,
Bern,
Lausanne and Geneva)
- Viola returned to Spain
- Rizal toured Milan, Venice, and
Rome
- After a week in Rome: Rizal left
for Marseilles, France
- Boarded a steamer for the
Philippines