C.

Summary
In the first part of the performed experiment, the specific heat of metals were identified.
The beaker was filled with water and was boiled using the electric stove. The metals were
submerged to the boiling water for 20 minutes. After which, the first metal specimen which is
aluminum was transferred immediately into the calorimeter that contains water. The
temperature of the water with metal was recorded. Afterwards the aluminum metal was
removed from the calorimeter. The brass metal which was also heated was placed on the
calorimeter which contains the same water. The temperature was also recorded. In second
part of the experiment, the latent heat of fusion of ice was determined. The excess water from
the ice was wiped of and then it was placed on the calorimeter that contains a hot water so
that it can be melted. The temperature of which was also recorded. This process was done
for a total of two trials.
The main objective of the experiment is to compute for the specific heat of metals
(Cm) and latent heat of fusion (Lf). By performing the experiment, there are values obtained
which are: the mass of metal (Mm), the mass of water (Mw), the mass of calorimeter (Mc),
the temperature of metal (Tm), the temperature of water (Tw), the temperature of calorimeter
(Tc), the specific heat of water (Cw), the specific heat of calorimeter (Cc), the initial
temperature of ice (Ti) and the mass of ice (Mi). Now we used these symbols to express
mathematically the situation when a hot object (the sample) is placed in contact with a cooler
one (the water and the calorimeter cup) and the two are allowed to exchange heat until they
reach a common temperature and also for the second part in which a cold substance was
made in contact with a hot substance. Using the Law of Heat exchange, a derived equation
was made to solve for the specific heat of the metal as well as determination of the latent
heat of fusion of ice in terms of the other quantities.
We know that when two bodies, initially at different temperatures, are placed in
intimate contact, in some time they will come to equilibrium temperature. Provided no heat is
lost to or gained from the surroundings, the quantity of heat lost by the hotter body is equal to
that gained by the colder body. The metal sample whose specific heat is to be determined is
heated in boiling water. It is then transferred quickly to an aluminum calorimeter cup which
contains water of known temperature. When the metal sample and calorimeter cup come to
equilibrium, the common temperature is measured with a thermometer. If the net heat
exchange with the surroundings can be kept small, then the heat lost by the metal sample
equals the heat gained by the water and the calorimeter cup.
C. Conclusion

The main objectives of the experiment were to determine the specific heat of brass
and aluminum metal, and to determine the latent heat of fusion of ice. After the experiment,
we are able to conclude that the specific heat of a metal can be determined using the
concepts in law of heat exchange. That the experimental value for specific heat of aluminum
is closed to the actual value 0.2174 cal/g-C and 0.0917 cal/g-C for brass. The specific
heat of each substance is different from one another. I also conclude that the experimental
value of latent heat of fusion of ice is closed to 80 cal/g, which is the actual value. I also
concluded that a change in phase is possible without a change in temperature. And the heat
needed for this case in the latent heat, which varies for every change in phase.

After the experiment, we were able to conclude that the transfer of heat is normally
from a high temperature object to a lower temperature object. The experiment shows how
heat of the surrounding can affect the temperature of an object. Heat is directly proportional
to mass and change in temperature. The object needs more heat, which means greater final
temperature, if there is greater mass, and vice versa. Also, from the equation and after the
experiment, I can conclude that heat absorb by the metal depends on the property of the
metal to absorb heat. The more heat it absorb the lesser the specific heat of that metal. They
are inversely proportional to each other. Another thing is mass of ice is inversely proportional
to the latent heat. The more weight the ice contain, the lesser the latent heat of fusion. In our
home, heat is used for cooking, drying clothes and keeping the house warm during a cold
weather. In industry, heat is used to melt, cut and shape metals, to process foods and other
products, and make machines run too.
One situation wherein the concepts of the experiment can be applied is the use of steam

engine. The hot steam from the high-temperature reservoir makes possible the
accomplishment of work, and when the energy is extracted from the steam, the steam
condenses in the low-temperature reservoir, becoming relatively cool water. A steam engine
burns its fuel outside the engine. That fuel may be simply firewood, which is used to heat
water and create steam. The thermal energy of the steam is then used to power a piston
moving inside a cylinder, thus, converting thermal energy to mechanical energy for purposes
such as moving a train.