PHYSICS SOLUTIONS OF

"ADVANCED LEVEL PROBLEMS"

Target : ISEET (IIT-JEE)

TOPIC : FLUID MACHANICS
PART - I
1.

Let S, L be the density of silver and liquid. Also m and V be the mass and volume of silver block.

Tension in string = mg buoyant force

T = SVg L Vg = (S L) Vg

m
V = s

Also

S L
T =
s
= 37.12 N.

mg = (10 0.72) 10 4 10

10 103

2.

c x (10)3 x g = 5 x 105 dynes c = 0.5; g = 1000 cm/s2, Buoyant force should balance weight l Vl g =
5 x 105 Vl = 625 cm3, depth upto which cube is dipped is
625 = 10 10 d d = 6.25cm. Now, 15 15 h = 15 15 8 + 625 h = 97/9
[c (density of cube), l (density of liquid), Vl (volume of liquid displacement)]

3.

Figure shows the points described in the question.

Centre of gravity of submerged part of the object will be at the centre of buoyancy if the object is
uniform,
Otherwise shifts from this point. From figure (D) is correct.
4.

Figure shows forces acting on a 'particle' on the surface, with respect to vessel.

(mg sin & mg cos are pseudo forces).

tan =
= tan1 .
is angle between normal to the inclined surface and the resultant force. The same angle will be formed
between the surface of water & the inclined surface.
{ free surface is to the resultant force acting on it.}
5.

Weight = Buoyant force

Vmg =
m =

V
V
Hgg +
g
2
2 oil

Hg oil
2

Oil
Mercury

13.6 0.8
14.4
=
=
= 7.2
2
2

RESONANCE

FLUID MECHANICS - 1

6.

To measure the atmospheric pressure, same length of tubes containing mercury are required, no matter
how many tubes are used.
(Since Patm = Hg g h) Hence (D)

7.

| P x | = mv sin 60 =
| P y | =

3
mv
2

mv
3
+ mv =
mv
2
2

| Pnet | Px2 Py2 =

9 3
mv
4 4

| P net | 3 mv

Since, dm A ( v dt )

dm A v

dt

pwafd , dm A ( v dt )

dm

Av

dt

dm
.v =
| Fnet | 3
dt

3 A v 2 Ans.

8.

The liquid will rise up to 80 feet height only if the pressure at that point is less than P0 by an amount w.g.h.
ie; Pressure at point A should be PA = P0 gh < 0 (As gh = 103 10 80 > 105 (P0)) and it is not possible
for us to make the pressure negative.

9.

Kinetic energy is

1
mv2
2

1
2
mv
v2
is energy per unit weight.
= 2
2g
(mg)

1
2
1
mv
mv 2
v 2
v2
2

=
is energy per unit volume and
= 2
is energy per unit mass.
2
2
(m / )
m
10.

F b = vliqg
'g' is different on moon and on the earth.
Hence only (iii) is a correct statement.
Hence (D).

11.

Vefflux =

2gh

time of fall t =

( 4 h)2
g

x = Vefflux t = 2 h( 4 h)
the roots of x are (0,4) and the maximum of x is at h = 2.
The permitted value of h is 0 to 1 clearly h = 1 will give the
maximum value of x is this interval.
Alter : If the column of water itself were from ground upto a height of 4m, h = 2m would give the maximum
range x. Farther the hole is from this midpoint, lower the range. Here the nearest point possible to this
midpoint is the base of the container. Hence h = 1m.

RESONANCE

FLUID MECHANICS - 2

12.

Weight of sphere + chain = (m + h)g

Buoyant force = (3m +

h
)g
7

for equilibrium, weight = Buoyant force

13.

7m
h
or h =
3
7

f sphere is displaced by x(say in upward direction) from is equilibrium position)

then increase in weight = xg
increase in buoyant force =
net extra force = (xg

xg
7

xg
) in down ward direction
7

Hence the motion is S.H.M & T = 2

14.

or , m + h = 3m +

7m h
6g

6g
x.
7

(m + h) a =

Putting h =

7.10m
2
18 g = 3

7m
T = 2
3

Velocity of ball when it reaches to surface of liquid

a=

1000 gV 500 gV
500 V

; where V is the volume of the ball.

a = 10 m/sec2
apply

v = u + at
2gh = 10 (2)

15.

0=

2 10 h = 400

2gh 10t

h = 20 m

vA = vB (since area is uniform)

From Bernoullis principle
vA
2

16.

+ gh +

2
PA
PB
v
= B +0+
PA < PB.

marel = mgsin macos

but for water surface tan = a/g

arel = 0

N
arel
ma
mgsin-macos

17.

18.

mgcos masin

Let h = height to of water column

then wgh + Hg g(10h) = Cu g10
h + 13.6 (10 h) = 73
63 = 12.6 h h = 5 cm

h 2 h1
a
tan = g = h tan 45 h tan 45
2
1

mg

4 cm
= 20 cm

a = 2 m/s 2
19.

Kx = 10 10

1000
10 10
2000

Kx = 50 N
Ustored

50
1

(100)
2
100

RESONANCE

1 2500

= 12.5 J
2 100

FLUID MECHANICS - 3

35m
g

PART - II
1.

Let the cube dips further by y cm and water level rises by 2 mm.

Then equating the volume of water raised

= volume of extra depth of wood

2.

2
2
= 1400
= 280
10
10

100 y = (1500 100)

y = 2.8 cm
Extra upthrust
water (2.8 + 0.2) 100 g = mg

m = 300 gm.

.... Ans.

(a) Through Bernoulls equation

P1 +

1 2
v = P2 + 0
2

3 105 +

1
1000 v2 = 3.5 105
2

500 v2 = 50000
v2 = 100
v = 10 m/s.
(b)

q = av
q = 2 104 10
= 2 103 m3/s.

3.

v1 =

2 g (h H / 2)

2g h

v2 =

By continuity equation

dh
= a (v1 + v2)
dt

dh
= a
dt

or
4.

2 g (h H / 2) 2 g h

H/2

a 2g H

dh
h

h H/2

dt

t=

2A
3a

2 1

H
g

Let the velocity of efflux of mercury coming out of hole be at an instant mercury level in container is y. At
same instant the speed of top surface of fluid is v.
from equation of continuity

S
= Sv
n

....(1)

S
<< S

>> v
n
applying Bernoulli's theorem between A and B

RESONANCE

FLUID MECHANICS - 4

1 2
1
v = Patm +
2
2
2
v << higher powers of v can
be neglected and Patm = h0g
gh +

= 2g( Y h0 )
.........(2)
Hence mercury flows out of both till y = h0.
from equation (1)
dy
1
1
=
=
2g( Y h0 )
dt
h
h
integrating between limits

v=

dy
or

2gY h0
h0

at

=0

y=n

and t = T , Y = h0 ;

5.

1
dt
h

dy

1
=
2g ( Y h 0 )
n

2
t = n g (h h 0 )

dt ;
0

Applying Bernoulli's equation at cross-section 1 & 2.

Patm + gh + 0 = P2 + 0 + 0

P2 = Patm + gh
Again applying Bernoulli's equation at section 2 & 3
P2 + 0 + 2 g

h
2

= Patm +

..............(1)

1
2 V2
2

...............(2)

V = 2 gh
This is required velocity of efflux
Applying continuity equation between 3 & 4 cross-section,
aV = a1 V1
Again applying Bernoulli's equation between 3 & 4
Patm +

1
h
(2 ) V2 + 2 g
2
2
2

V + gh = V1

aV
a1 = V =
1
6.

= Patm +

...............(4)

1
(2 ) V12 + 0
2

V1 = 3gh

6 . 2gh
3gh

...............(3)

= 2 cm 2 .

area = a
3
h/2

Consider a block of ice having volume V and density i.

Let the volume of ice submerged in water (of density w) be V
Since the ice block is in equilibrium

i V
V =
w
Let V volume of ice melt in to V of water. Then
i V g = w Vg or

i V = w V

or

i V
V =
w

... (1)

... (2)

from (1) and (2) V = V

Hence when V volume of ice melts it occupies
V V volume of water.
Hence the level of water does not change on melting of ice.
7.

Applying Newtons law in vertical direction

mg = FB

dSH g = wSh g

Now when force F is applied, for minimum work a = 0

F mg + Sxg = 0
F = mg Sxg

RESONANCE

dH

(for a = 0, F is minimum)

h=

FLUID MECHANICS - 5

W =

Fdx

W = mgh
8.

v =

(mg Sxg)dx

9.

dx Sg xdx
0

Sg
Sgh2
Sgh2
Sgh2
= (Sh) gh
=
=
2
2
2
2

2gx =

dH

Sgd 2H 2
Ans.
2

1
=
t
t

for vertical motion 1 =

= mg

x = 0.25

1 2
gt
2
(i.e. level goes down from 0.81m to 0.64m. Using equation of continuity)

dx
on solving t = 1000 s
5 . dt = 2gx . 4 104
Apply Bernoullis equation b/w point P & D

1
1
Vp2 = Patm + g(o) + vD2
2
2
[Assume zero level D]
Patm + gh1 +

Vp 0 (Area of cross section is very large)

VD = 2gh1
Since area at C is half than area at D
so according to continuity equation
Now

VCAC = VDAD
VC = 2VD = 2 2gh1
for point P & C according to Bernollis equation.
Pp + gh1 +

1
Vp2
2

= PC + g(0) +

1
.VC2
2

Vp 0

for point E
from (i) & (ii)
10.

11.

1
.(2 2gh1 )2

Patm = PC + 3gh1
2
PE = PC + gh2 = Patm
3gh1 = gh2
h2 = 3h1
Ans.

Patm + gh1 = PC +

tan = a/g = 4/5 RB =PQ QB tan = 2 2 4/5 = 0.4 m

.........(i)
.........(ii)

PQ BR
4m 2
Volume of water contained =
2

C
Initial volume of water = BD 4 m 2

R
Amount of spill = Vin Vfin
= 2 (2BD PQ BR) 1000 litres
= 2 (3 2 0.4) 1000 = 1200 litres
Q
B
As block goes down by distance x, water comes up by distance y. As both are measured from initial level of
water, compression in the spring is x but the block is in depth (x + y) in water.
Applying conservation of volume
m = 180kg
0.2 x = (1m2 0.2 m2).y
y
x

x
x = 4y y =
4
Thus total depth of block in water =

x
5x
+=
4
4

Free body diagram in equilibrium :

Fb = (0.2)(5x/4) (1000) (10)
For equilibrium :
mg = kx + fB
5x
1800 = 2000 x + (0.2)
(1000) (0.01)
4
18
18 = 20x + 25x
x=
m = 40 cm
45

RESONANCE

Ab = .2m 2 60cm

Fb

kx

mg

FLUID MECHANICS - 6