Lab Report 5

Analog and Digital Communication systems EBE 205

Experiment: ASK, FSK & PSK.
AMPLITUDE SHIFT KEYING
OBJECTIVE:
1. To study the generation of the Amplitude Shift Key output and also to demodulate the
Amplitude Shift Key output.

HARDWARE REQUIRED:
1. ASK training board
2. Digital oscilloscope.

PROCEDURE:
1. At first we turned ON the power of the trainer.
2. Then observed the Bit Clock Frequency on the oscilloscope. We adjusted the
frequency 10 kHz and connected to pin no2 of 74165IC.
3. Then we set the SPDT switches pattern to the desired code (say 00001111)
4. Parallel load by changing the switch to opposite side to shift 0 side for a short
duration and got back to shift 1 position.
5. Then observed the 8 Bit word pattern at the output of the 8 Bit word generator. This is
the actual modulating signal.
6. Then we adjusted the carrier frequency of 100 KHz and 5 Volt p-p, give this input to
the ASK modulator inputs using a patch chord.
7. We connected the 8 Bit word generators output to the data input terminal of the ASK
Modulator.
8. Then we observed the data input on one channel on a CRO and ASK output on the
second channel.
9. To get demodulated signal, we connected the ASK modulator output to demodulator
input.
10. At the last we adjusted the two knobs simultaneously to get the original digital
message at the demodulator output on a CRO.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:

Question 01: Define Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)?
Answer: Amplitude-shift keying (ASK) is a form of amplitude modulation that represents
digital data as variations in the amplitude of a carrier wave. In an ASK system, the binary
symbol 1 is represented by transmitting a fixed-amplitude carrier wave and fixed frequency
for a bit duration of T seconds.
Question 02: The following binary data 010110 is to be transmitted using digital modulation
techniques. Sketch the modulated output waveform if the system uses Amplitude Shift
Keying.
Answer:

FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING

OBJECTIVE:
2. To study the generation of the Frequency Shift Key output and also to demodulate the
Frequency Shift Key output.
HARDWARE REQUIRED:
1. FSK training board
2. Decade Audio Frequency Generator
3. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope 20MHz.
PROCEDURE:
1. To trace the circuit according to the panel and get familiar with different sections of
FSK modulation and demodulation we looked through the FSK training board and
then turned ON the switch of the FSK training board.

2. Then we applied some data output of the decade counter IC-3 to the Data Input point
of the FSK modulator and observed the signal in one channel of a dual trace
oscilloscope.
3. Then we observed the output of the FSK modulator on the second channel of the
CRO.
4. During the demodulation, we connected the FSK output of modulator to the FSK
input point of the demodulator.
5. Then we adjusted the potentiometers P1 & P2 until we got the demodulated output
equivalent to the modulating data signal and compared the signal on the CRO with
data input.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:

Question 01: Define Frequency Shift Keying (ASK)?
Answer: Frequency-shift keying (FSK) is a frequency modulation scheme in which digital
information is transmitted through discrete frequency changes of a carrier signal. The
technology is used for communication systems such as amateur radio, caller ID and
emergency broadcasts. The simplest FSK is binary FSK (BFSK).
Question 02: The following binary data 010110 is to be transmitted using digital modulation
techniques. Sketch the modulated output waveform if the system uses Frequency Shift
Keying.
Answer:

PHASE SHIFT KEYING`

OBJECTIVE:
1. To study the generation of the Phase Shift Key output and also to demodulate the
Phase Shift Key output.

HARDWARE REQUIRED:
1. PSK training board
2. Decade Audio Frequency Generator
3. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope 20MHz.

PROCEDURE:
1. To trace the circuit according to the panel and get familiar with different sections of
PSK modulation and demodulation we looked through the FSK training board and
then turned ON the switch of the FSK training board.
2. Then we connected the patch cord to carrier output socket to the circuit carrier
input socket and any of the data output socket to the data input socket of the PSK
modulator and observed the output signal of the PSK modulator on the channel 2 of
the CRO.
3. Then we connected the patch cord to PSK output to PSK input and also connected the
carrier input to the carrier output socket.
4. At the last we observed the demodulator output and compared it with the modulating
data signal applied to the modulator input.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:

Question 01: Define Phase Shift Keying (ASK)?
Answer: Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a digital modulation scheme based on changing, or
modulating, the initial phase of a carrier signal. PSK is used to represent digital information,
such as binary digits zero (0) and one (1).
Question 02: The following binary data 010110 is to be transmitted using digital modulation
techniques. Sketch the modulated output waveform if the system uses Phase Shift Keying.

Answer:

Result: There was no numerical calculation. The results are basically the
modulated and demodulated signals on CRO, those are as follows we got while
doing this lab.

FIGURE 01

FIGURE 02

FIGURE 03

FIGURE 04

DISCUSSION:
The aim of these experiments was to study the generation of ASK, FSK and
PSK output and also to demodulate the output signals. For the Frequency fig3 is best to
understand this concept because when the original signal is at 1 position then the frequency is
increasing tremendously at that point for the modulating signal and when the original signal
is at zero position then frequency stays normal. For the phase shift keying the figure 1 and 2
is a perfect example of it as it is complying with the theory of PSK. The problem that we
faced during the experiment was that for ASK we were not able to get the required results
due to the fact that our training board was faulty that makes us unable to get the output that
we wanted, however after changing that board we were able to fix the error.

CONCLUSION:
This experiment has helped us a lot in understanding the digital
modulation techniques because our all the inputs and outputs is matching with the theory of
their corresponding techniques. We performed these experiments one by one on the same day

that showed us the similarities as well as differences in PSK, FSK and ASK. As its an era of
digitalization so this experiment is worth to do and we did it and of course we do understood
that why digital modulation is better than analog and why the industry is being using these
techniques nowadays. The things we see have a life longing effects on our memory because
these are captured by our brain in the form of images so as we visualised this experiment so
now I think its hard to forget and its really going to help us in our near future.

REFERENCES:

1. Amplitude Shift Keying & Frequency Shift Keying. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.ele.uri.edu/Courses/ele436/labs/ASKnFSK.pdf
2. PSK Modulation. (n.d.). Retrieved from KULLIYYAH ENGINEERING website:
http://www.iium.edu.my/ece/laboratory/dcl/LAb%204.pdf
3. Implementation of FSK Modulation and Demodulation. (2013, November 10).
Retrieved April 3, 2016, from Texas Instruments website:
http://www.ti.com/lit/an/slaa618/slaa618.pdf