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The CENTRE for EDUCATION

in MATHEMATICS and COMPUTING


cemc.uwaterloo.ca

Canadian Senior
Mathematics Contest
Wednesday, November 25, 2015
(in North America and South America)

Thursday, November 26, 2015


(outside of North America and South America)

c
Time: 2 hours
2015
University of Waterloo
Calculators are allowed, with the following restriction: you may not use a device
that has internet access, that can communicate with other devices, or that contains
previously stored information. For example, you may not use a smartphone or a
tablet.
Do not open this booklet until instructed to do so.
There are two parts to this paper. The questions in each part are arranged roughly in order of
increasing difficulty. The early problems in Part B are likely easier than the later problems in
Part A.
PART A
1. This part consists of six questions, each worth 5 marks.
2. Enter the answer in the appropriate box in the answer booklet.
For these questions, full marks will be given for a correct answer which is placed in the box.
Part marks will be awarded only if relevant work is shown in the space provided in the
answer booklet.
PART B
1. This part consists of three questions, each worth 10 marks.
2. Finished solutions must be written in the appropriate location in the answer
booklet. Rough work should be done separately. If you require extra pages for your
finished solutions, they will be supplied by your supervising teacher. Insert these pages into
your answer booklet. Be sure to write your name, school name and question number on any
inserted pages.
3. Marks are awarded for completeness, clarity, and style of presentation. A correct solution,
poorly presented, will not earn full marks.
At the completion of the contest, insert your student information form inside your
answer booklet.
Do not discuss the problems or solutions from this contest online for the next 48 hours.
The name, grade, school and location, and score range of some top-scoring students will be
published on the Web site, cemc.uwaterloo.ca. In addition, the name, grade, school and location,
and score of some students may be shared with other mathematical organizations for other
recognition opportunities.

Canadian Senior Mathematics Contest


NOTE:
1. Please read the instructions on the front cover of this booklet.
2. Write solutions in the answer booklet provided.

3. Express calculations and answers as exact numbers such as + 1 and 2, etc.,


rather than as 4.14 . . . or 1.41 . . ., except where otherwise indicated.
4. While calculators may be used for numerical calculations, other mathematical
steps must be shown and justified in your written solutions and specific marks
may be allocated for these steps. For example, while your calculator might be
able to find the x-intercepts of the graph of an equation like y = x3 x, you
should show the algebraic steps that you used to find these numbers, rather than
simply writing these numbers down.
5. Diagrams are not drawn to scale. They are intended as aids only.
6. No student may write both the Canadian Senior Mathematics Contest and the
Canadian Intermediate Mathematics Contest in the same year.

PART A
For each question in Part A, full marks will be given for a correct answer which is placed in
the box. Part marks will be awarded only if relevant work is shown in the space provided
in the answer booklet.
1. If

4
8
=
, what is the value of x?
24
x+3

2. Let A, B and C be non-zero digits, so that BC is a two-digit positive integer and


ABC is a three-digit positive integer made up of the digits A, B and C. Suppose
that
B C
A B C
+ A B C
8 7 6
What is the value of A + B + C?
3. A 5 m 5 m flat square roof receives 6 mm of rainfall. All of this water (and no
other water) drains into an empty rain barrel. The rain barrel is in the shape of a
cylinder with a diameter of 0.5 m and a height of 1 m. Rounded to the nearest tenth
of a percent, what percentage of the barrel will be full of water?

2
2
4. Determine all values of x for which 2 4x 3x = 2x1 .
5. In a psychology experiment, an image of a cat or an image of a dog is flashed briefly
onto a screen and then Anna is asked to guess whether the image showed a cat or
a dog. This process is repeated a large number of times with an equal number of
images of cats and images of dogs shown. If Anna is correct 95% of the time when
she guesses dog and 90% of the time when she guesses cat, determine the ratio
of the number of times she guessed dog to the number of times she guessed cat.

1
a
and tan Y = for some positive
m
n
integers a, m and n. Determine the number of positive integers a 50 for which
there are exactly 6 pairs of positive integers (m, n) with X + Y = 45 .

6. Suppose that X and Y are angles with tan X =

(Note: The formula tan(X + Y ) =

tan X + tan Y
may be useful.)
1 tan X tan Y

PART B
For each question in Part B, your solution must be well organized and contain words of
explanation or justification. Marks are awarded for completeness, clarity, and style of
presentation. A correct solution, poorly presented, will not earn full marks.
1. The line y = 2x + 4 intersects the y-axis at R, as shown. A second line, parallel to
the y-axis, is drawn through P (p, 0), with p > 0. These two lines intersect at Q.
y
(a) Determine the length of OR.
(Note that O is the origin (0, 0).)
Q
(b) Determine the coordinates of point Q in
terms of p.
(c) If p = 8, determine the area of OP QR.

(d) If the area of OP QR is 77, determine


the value of p.

P (p, 0)

x
for x 6= 1, determine all real numbers r 6= 1 for which f (r) = r.
x1
x
(b) If f (x) =
for x 6= 1, show that f (f (x)) = x for all real numbers x 6= 1.
x1
2x
(c) Suppose that k is a real number. Define g(x) =
for x 6= k. Determine
x+k
all real values of k for which g(g(x)) = x for every real number x with x 6= k
and g(x) 6= k.
ax + b
(d) Suppose that a, b and c are non-zero real numbers. Define h(x) =
for
bx + c
c
x 6= . Determine all triples (a, b, c) for which h(h(x)) = x for every real
b
c
c
number x with x 6= and h(x) 6= .
b
b

2. (a) If f (x) =

2015
Canadian
Senior
Mathematics
Contest
(English)

3. Given a sequence a1 , a2 , a3 , . . . of positive integers, we define a new sequence


b1 , b2 , b3 , . . . by b1 = a1 and, for every positive integer n 1,
(
bn + an+1 if bn an+1
bn+1 =
bn an+1 if bn > an+1
For example, when a1 , a2 , a3 , is the sequence 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, . . . we have
n
an
bn

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
1 3 2 4 3 1 2 4 3 1

(a) Suppose that an = n2 for all n 1. Determine the value of b10 .


(b) Suppose that an = n for all n 1. Determine all positive integers n with
n < 2015 for which bn = 1.
(c) A sequence x1 , x2 , x3 , . . . is called eventually periodic if there exist positive
integers r and p for which xn+p = xn for all n r.
Suppose that a1 , a2 , a3 , . . . is eventually periodic. Prove that b1 , b2 , b3 , . . . is
eventually periodic.

The CENTRE for EDUCATION


in MATHEMATICS and COMPUTING
cemc.uwaterloo.ca

Canadian Senior
Mathematics Contest
Thursday, November 20, 2014
(in North America and South America)

Friday, November 21, 2014


(outside of North America and South America)

c
Time: 2 hours
2014
University of Waterloo
Calculators are allowed, with the following restriction: you may not use a device
that has internet access, that can communicate with other devices, or that contains
previously stored information. For example, you may not use a smartphone or a
tablet.
Do not open this booklet until instructed to do so.
There are two parts to this paper. The questions in each part are arranged roughly in order of
increasing difficulty. The early problems in Part B are likely easier than the later problems in
Part A.
PART A
1. This part consists of six questions, each worth 5 marks.
2. Enter the answer in the appropriate box in the answer booklet.
For these questions, full marks will be given for a correct answer which is placed in the box.
Part marks will be awarded only if relevant work is shown in the space provided in the
answer booklet.
PART B
1. This part consists of three questions, each worth 10 marks.
2. Finished solutions must be written in the appropriate location in the answer
booklet. Rough work should be done separately. If you require extra pages for your
finished solutions, they will be supplied by your supervising teacher. Insert these pages into
your answer booklet. Be sure to write your name, school name and question number on any
inserted pages.
3. Marks are awarded for completeness, clarity, and style of presentation. A correct solution,
poorly presented, will not earn full marks.
At the completion of the contest, insert your student information form inside your
answer booklet.
Do not discuss the problems or solutions from this contest online for the next 48 hours.
The name, grade, school and location, and score range of some top-scoring students will be
published on the Web site, cemc.uwaterloo.ca. In addition, the name, grade, school and location,
and score of some students may be shared with other mathematical organizations for other
recognition opportunities.

Canadian Senior Mathematics Contest


NOTE:
1. Please read the instructions on the front cover of this booklet.
2. Write solutions in the answer booklet provided.
3. It is expected that all calculations
and answers will be expressed as exact

numbers such as 4, 2 + 7, etc., rather than as 12.566 . . . or 4.646 . . ..


4. While calculators may be used for numerical calculations, other mathematical
steps must be shown and justified in your written solutions and specific marks
may be allocated for these steps. For example, while your calculator might be
able to find the x-intercepts of the graph of an equation like y = x3 x, you
should show the algebraic steps that you used to find these numbers, rather than
simply writing these numbers down.
5. Diagrams are not drawn to scale. They are intended as aids only.
6. No student may write both the Canadian Senior Mathematics Contest and the
Canadian Intermediate Mathematics Contest in the same year.

PART A
For each question in Part A, full marks will be given for a correct answer which is placed in
the box. Part marks will be awarded only if relevant work is shown in the space provided
in the answer booklet.
C
1. In the diagram, ABCD is a square, 4ABE is
E
equilateral, and 4AEF is equilateral. What is the
B
measure of DAF ?
D

2. In a jar, the ratio of the number of dimes to the number of quarters is 3 : 2. If the
total value of these coins is $4, how many dimes are in the jar?
(Each dime is worth 10 cents, each quarter is worth 25 cents, and $1 equals 100
cents.)
3. Positive integers m and n satisfy mn = 5000. If m is not divisible by 10 and n is
not divisible by 10, what is the value of m + n?
4. A function f satisfies f (x) + f (x + 3) = 2x + 5 for all x.
If f (8) + f (2) = 12, determine the value of f (5).
p
p

5. Determine all real numbers x for which 3 (2 + x)2 + 3 3 (2 x)2 = 4 3 4 x2 .


6. Ten lockers are in a row. The lockers are numbered in order with the positive integers
1 to 10. Each locker is to be painted either blue, red or green subject to the following
rules:
Two lockers numbered m and n are painted different colours whenever m n
is odd.
It is not required that all 3 colours be used.
In how many ways can the collection of lockers be painted?

PART B
For each question in Part B, your solution must be well organized and contain words of
explanation or justification. Marks are awarded for completeness, clarity, and style of
presentation. A correct solution, poorly presented, will not earn full marks.
1. An arithmetic sequence is a sequence in which each term after the first is obtained
from the previous term by adding a constant. For example, 5, 7, 9 is an arithmetic
sequence with three terms.
(a) Three of the five numbers 2, 5, 10, 13, 15 can be chosen to form an arithmetic
sequence with three terms. What are the three numbers?
(b) The numbers p, 7, q, 13, in that order, form an arithmetic sequence with four
terms. Determine the value of p and the value of q.
(c) The numbers a, b, c, (a + 21), in that order, form an arithmetic sequence with
four terms. Determine the value of c a.
(d) The numbers (y6), (2y+3), (y 2 +2), in that order, form an arithmetic sequence
with three terms. Determine all possible values of y.
2. (a) (i) In the diagram, semi-circles are drawn on the
sides of right-angled 4XY Z, as shown. If
the area of the semi-circle with diameter Y Z
is 50 and the area of the semi-circle with
diameter XZ is 288, determine the area of
the semi-circle with diameter XY .

(ii) In the diagram, squares with side


lengths p, q and r are constructed on
the sides of right-angled 4P QR, as
shown. Diagonals QT , RU and P S
have lengths a, b and c, respectively.
Prove that the triangle formed with
sides of lengths a, b and c is a rightangled triangle.

Z
y

R
q
P

p
r

S
(b) In the diagram, 4XY Z is right-angled at
Z and AZ is the altitude from Z to XY .
Also, segments AD and AB are altitudes
in 4AXZ and 4AY Z, respectively, and
segments DE and BC are altitudes in
4ADX and 4ABY , respectively. Prove
that AE = AC.

B
X

C Y

2014
Canadian
Senior
Mathematics
Contest
(English)

3. For any real number x, bxc denotes the largest integer less than or equal to x.
For example, b4.2c = 4 and b2.4c = 3. That is, bxc is the integer that satisfies
the inequality bxc x < bxc + 1.

(a) The equation x2 = 3bxc + 1 has two solutions. One solution is x = 7. The

second solution is of the form x = a for some positive integer a. Determine


the value of a.
(b) For each positive integer n, determine all possible integer values of the expression
x2 3bxc, where x is a real number with bxc = n.
(c) For each integer k with k 0, determine all real numbers x for which
x2 = 3bxc + (k 2 1).

The CENTRE for EDUCATION


in MATHEMATICS and COMPUTING
cemc.uwaterloo.ca

Canadian
Senior
Mathematics Contest
Thursday, November 21, 2013
(in North America and South America)

Friday, November 22, 2013


(outside of North America and South America)

c
Time: 2 hours
2013
University of Waterloo
Calculators are permitted, provided they are non-programmable and without graphic
displays.
Do not open this booklet until instructed to do so.
There are two parts to this paper.
PART A
1. This part consists of six questions, each worth 5 marks.
2. Enter the answer in the appropriate box in the answer booklet.
For these questions, full marks will be given for a correct answer which is placed in the box.
Part marks will be awarded only if relevant work is shown in the space provided in the
answer booklet.
PART B
1. This part consists of three questions, each worth 10 marks.
2. Finished solutions must be written in the appropriate location in the answer
booklet. Rough work should be done separately. If you require extra pages for your
finished solutions, they will be supplied by your supervising teacher. Insert these pages into
your answer booklet. Be sure to write your name, school name and question number on any
inserted pages.
3. Marks are awarded for completeness, clarity, and style of presentation. A correct solution,
poorly presented, will not earn full marks.
NOTES:
The questions in each part are arranged roughly in order of increasing difficulty.
The early problems in Part B are likely easier than the later problems in Part A.
At the completion of the contest, insert your student information form inside your
answer booklet.
Do not discuss the problems or solutions from this contest online for the next 48 hours.
The name, grade, school and location, and score range of some top-scoring students will be
published on the Web site, http://www.cemc.uwaterloo.ca. In addition, the name, grade, school
and location, and score of some students may be shared with other mathematical organizations
for other recognition opportunities.

Canadian Senior Mathematics Contest


NOTE:

1.
2.
3.

4.
5.

Please read the instructions on the front cover of this booklet.


Write solutions in the answer booklet provided.
It is expected that all calculations
and answers will be expressed as
exact numbers such as 4, 2 + 7, etc., rather than as 12.566 . . .
or 4.646 . . ..
Calculators are permitted, provided they are non-programmable
and without graphic displays.
Diagrams are not drawn to scale. They are intended as aids only.

PART A
For each question in Part A, full marks will be given for a correct answer which is placed in
the box. Part marks will be awarded only if relevant work is shown in the space provided
in the answer booklet.
y

1. In the diagram, ABCD is a parallelogram with


A, B, C, D in the first quadrant, as shown. What are
the coordinates of C?

D (3, 7)

B (7, 3)
x

A (2, 3)

2. Mr. Matheson has four cards, numbered 1, 2, 3, 4. He gives one card each to Ben,
Wendy, Riley, and Sara. Ben is not given the number 1. Wendys number is 1 greater
than Rileys number. Which number could Sara not have been given?
1
99!
= , determine the value of n.
101! 99!
n
(If m is a positive integer, then m! represents the product of the integers from 1 to m,
inclusive. For example, 5! = 5(4)(3)(2)(1) = 120 and 99! = 99(98)(97) (3)(2)(1).)

3. If

4. In the diagram, ABCDEF is a regular hexagon


with side length 4 and centre O. The line segment
perpendicular to OA and passing through A meets
OB extended at P . What is the area of 4OAP ?

4
F

5. Each of the positive integers 2013 and 3210 has the following three properties:
(i) it is an integer between 1000 and 10 000,
(ii) its four digits are consecutive integers, and
(iii) it is divisible by 3.
In total, how many positive integers have these three properties?

6. If p and q are positive integers, max(p, q) is the maximum of p and q and min(p, q)
is the minimum of p and q. For example, max(30, 40) = 40 and min(30, 40) = 30.
Also, max(30, 30) = 30 and min(30, 30) = 30.
Determine the number of ordered pairs (x, y) that satisfy the equation
max(60, min(x, y)) = min(max(60, x), y)
where x and y are positive integers with x 100 and y 100.

PART B
For each question in Part B, your solution must be well organized and contain words
of explanation or justification when appropriate. Marks are awarded for completeness,
clarity, and style of presentation. A correct solution, poorly presented, will not earn full
marks.
1. At Galbraith H.S., the lockers are arranged in banks of 20 lockers. Each bank of
lockers consists of six columns of lockers; the first two columns in each bank consist
of two larger lockers and the last four columns in each bank consist of four smaller
lockers. The lockers are numbered consecutively starting at 1, moving down each
column and then down the next column, and so on. The first twenty-one lockers and
their locker numbers are shown in the diagram.

13

17

10

14

18

11

15

19

12

16

20

21

(a) What is the sum of the locker numbers of the column of lockers that contain
the number 24?
(b) The sum of the locker numbers for one column is 123. What are the locker
numbers in this column?
(c) The sum of the locker numbers for another column is 538. What are the locker
numbers in this column?
(d) Explain why 2013 cannot be a sum of any column of locker numbers.
2. (a) Expand and simplify fully the expression (a 1)(6a2 a 1).
(b) Determine all values of with 6 cos3 7 cos2 + 1 = 0 and 180 < < 180 .
Round each answer to 1 decimal place where appropriate.
(Note that cos3 = (cos )3 .)
(c) Determine all values of with 6 cos3 7 cos2 + 1 < 0 and 180 < < 180 .

2013
Canadian
Senior
Mathematics
Contest
(English)

3. If m and n are positive integers, an (m, n)-sequence is defined to be an infinite


sequence x1 , x2 , x3 , . . . of As and Bs such that if xi = A for some positive integer i,
then xi+m = B and if xi = B for some positive integer i, then xi+n = A. For
example, ABABAB . . . is a (1, 1)-sequence.
(a) Determine all (2, 2)-sequences.
(b) Show that there are no (1, 2)-sequences.
(c) For every positive integer r, show that if there exists an (m, n)-sequence, then
there exists an (rm, rn)-sequence.
(d) Determine all pairs (m, n) for which there is an (m, n)-sequence.

The CENTRE for EDUCATION


in MATHEMATICS and COMPUTING
www.cemc.uwaterloo.ca

Canadian
Senior
Mathematics Contest
Tuesday, November 20, 2012
(in North America and South America)

Wednesday, November 21, 2012


(outside of North America and South America)

c
Time: 2 hours
2012
University of Waterloo
Calculators are permitted, provided they are non-programmable and without graphic
displays.
Do not open this booklet until instructed to do so.
There are two parts to this paper.
PART A
1. This part consists of six questions, each worth 5 marks.
2. Enter the answer in the appropriate box in the answer booklet.
For these questions, full marks will be given for a correct answer which is placed in the box.
Part marks will be awarded only if relevant work is shown in the space provided in the
answer booklet.
PART B
1. This part consists of three questions, each worth 10 marks.
2. Finished solutions must be written in the appropriate location in the answer
booklet. Rough work should be done separately. If you require extra pages for your
finished solutions, they will be supplied by your supervising teacher. Insert these pages into
your answer booklet. Be sure to write your name, school name and question number on any
inserted pages.
3. Marks are awarded for completeness, clarity, and style of presentation. A correct solution,
poorly presented, will not earn full marks.
NOTES:
The questions in each part are arranged roughly in order of increasing difficulty.
The early problems in Part B are likely easier than the later problems in Part A.
At the completion of the contest, insert your student information form inside your
answer booklet.
Do not discuss the problems or solutions from this contest online for the next 48 hours.
The name, grade, school and location, and score range of some top-scoring students will be
published on the Web site, http://www.cemc.uwaterloo.ca. In addition, the name, grade, school
and location, and score of some students may be shared with other mathematical organizations
for other recognition opportunities.

Canadian Senior Mathematics Contest


NOTE:

1.
2.
3.

4.
5.

Please read the instructions on the front cover of this booklet.


Write solutions in the answer booklet provided.
It is expected that all calculations
and answers will be expressed as
exact numbers such as 4, 2 + 7, etc., rather than as 12.566 . . .
or 4.646 . . ..
Calculators are permitted, provided they are non-programmable
and without graphic displays.
Diagrams are not drawn to scale. They are intended as aids only.

PART A
For each question in Part A, full marks will be given for a correct answer which is placed in
the box. Part marks will be awarded only if relevant work is shown in the space provided
in the answer booklet.
D
E
1. Figure ABCDEF has AB = 8, BC = 15, and
EF = 5, as shown. Determine the perimeter
5
A
of ABCDEF .
F

8
B

15

2. There are three distinct real numbers a, b and c that are solutions of the equation
x3 4x = 0. What is the value of the product abc?
3. If 3x = 320 320 318 + 319 320 319 + 318 321 319 , determine the value of x.
4. Three boxes each contain an equal number of hockey pucks. Each puck is either black
or gold. All 40 of the black pucks and exactly 71 of the gold pucks are contained in
one of the three boxes. Determine the total number of gold hockey pucks.
5. In the diagram, square P QRS has side
length 25, Q is located at (0, 7), and R is on
the x-axis. The square is rotated clockwise
about R until S lies above the x-axis on the
line with equation x = 39. What are the new
coordinates of P after this rotation?

y
P
S
Q
O

R
x = 39

6. Lynne is tiling her long and narrow rectangular front hall. The hall is 2 tiles wide
and 13 tiles long. She is going to use exactly 11 black tiles and exactly 15 white
tiles. Determine the number of distinct ways of tiling the hall so that no two black
tiles are adjacent (that is, share an edge).

PART B
For each question in Part B, your solution must be well organized and contain words
of explanation or justification when appropriate. Marks are awarded for completeness,
clarity, and style of presentation. A correct solution, poorly presented, will not earn full
marks.
1. In each diagram shown in this problem, the number on the
line connecting two circles is the sum of the two numbers
in these two circles. An example of a completed diagram is
shown to the right.

13
(a) What is the value of x?

3w

9
14

4
x

10

(b) With justification, determine


the value of y.

48
y

y
w

(c) With justification, determine


the values of p, q and r.

r
13

18
q

1
2. Consider the equation x2 2y 2 = 1, which we label .
There are many pairs of
1
positive integers (x, y) that satisfy equation .
1
(a) Determine a pair of positive integers (x, y) with x 5 that satisfies equation .

(b) Determine a pair of positive integers (u, v) such that

(3 + 2 2)2 = u + v 2
1
and show that (u, v) satisfies equation .
1
(c) Suppose that (a, b) is a pair of positive integers that satisfies equation .
Suppose also that (c, d) is a pair of positive integers such that

(a + b 2)(3 + 2 2) = c + d 2
1
Show that (c, d) satisfies equation .
1
(d) Determine a pair of positive integers (x, y) with y > 100 that satisfies equation .

2012
Canadian
Senior
Mathematics
Contest
(English)

3. (a) Right-angled 4P QR has P QR = 90 , P Q = 6 and QR = 8. If M is the


midpoint of QR and N is the midpoint of P Q, determine the lengths of the
medians P M and RN .
(b) 4DEF has two medians of equal length. Prove that 4DEF is isosceles.
(c) 4ABC has its vertices on a circle of radius r. If the lengths of two of the
medians of 4ABC are equal to r, determine the side lengths of 4ABC.

The CENTRE for EDUCATION


in MATHEMATICS and COMPUTING
www.cemc.uwaterloo.ca

Canadian
Senior
Mathematics Contest
Tuesday, November 22, 2011
(in North America and South America)

Wednesday, November 23, 2011


(outside of North America and South America)

c
Time: 2 hours
2011
University of Waterloo
Calculators are permitted, provided they are non-programmable and without graphic
displays.
Do not open this booklet until instructed to do so.
There are two parts to this paper.
PART A
1. This part consists of six questions, each worth 5 marks.
2. Enter the answer in the appropriate box in the answer booklet.
For these questions, full marks will be given for a correct answer which is placed in the box.
Part marks will be awarded only if relevant work is shown in the space provided in the
answer booklet.
PART B
1. This part consists of three questions, each worth 10 marks.
2. Finished solutions must be written in the appropriate location in the answer
booklet. Rough work should be done separately. If you require extra pages for your
finished solutions, they will be supplied by your supervising teacher. Insert these pages into
your answer booklet. Be sure to write your name, school name and question number on any
inserted pages.
3. Marks are awarded for completeness, clarity, and style of presentation. A correct solution,
poorly presented, will not earn full marks.
NOTES:
At the completion of the contest, insert your student information form inside your
answer booklet.
The names of some top-scoring students will be published on the CEMC website,
http://www.cemc.uwaterloo.ca.

Canadian Senior Mathematics Contest


NOTE:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Please read the instructions on the front cover of this booklet.


Write solutions in the answer booklet provided.
All calculations
and answers should be expressed as exact numbers
such as 4, 2 + 7, etc., rather than as 12.566 . . . or 4.646 . . ..
Calculators are permitted, provided they are non-programmable
and without graphic displays.
Diagrams are not drawn to scale. They are intended as aids only.

PART A
For each question in Part A, full marks will be given for a correct answer which is placed in
the box. Part marks will be awarded only if relevant work is shown in the space provided
in the answer booklet.


1
1
1
1
4
1. Determine the value of 2 1 + + 2 + 3 + 4 .
2 2
2
2
2. Four years ago, Daryl was three times as old as Joe was.
In five years, Daryl will be twice as old as Joe will be.
How old is Daryl now?
3. A die is a cube with its faces numbered 1 through 6. One red die and one blue die
are rolled. The sum of the numbers on the top two faces is determined. What is the
probability that this sum is a perfect square?
4. Determine the number of positive divisors of 18 800 that are divisible by 235.
5. In the diagram, the circle has centre O. OF is
perpendicular to DC at F and is perpendicular to AB
at E. If AB = 8, DC = 6 and EF = 1, determine
the radius of the circle.

O
E

6. In a magic square, the numbers in each row,


the numbers in each column, and the numbers
on each diagonal have the same sum. Given
the magic square shown with a, b, c, x, y, z > 0,
determine the product xyz in terms of a, b and c.

log a

log b

log x

log y

log c

log z

PART B
For each question in Part B, your solution must be well organized and contain words
of explanation or justification when appropriate. Marks are awarded for completeness,
clarity, and style of presentation. A correct solution, poorly presented, will not earn full
marks.

1. The parabola with equation y = 25x2 intersects the


x-axis at points A and B, as shown.

25

(a) Determine the length of AB.


(b) Rectangle ABCD is formed as shown with
C and D below the x-axis and BD = 26.
Determine the length of BC.
(c) If CD is extended in both directions, it meets
the parabola at points E and F . Determine
the length of EF .

2. (a) First, determine two positive integers x and y with

2x + 11y
= 1.
3x + 4y

Now, let u and v be two positive rational numbers with u < v.


a
c
If we write u and v as fractions u =
and v = , not necessarily in lowest
b
d
a+c
terms and with a, b, c, d positive integers, then the fraction
is called a mediant
b+d
of u and v. Since u and v can be written in many different forms, there are many
different mediants of u and v.
11
2
.
In (a), you showed that 1 is a mediant of and
3
4
2
11
2
6
11
44
6 + 44
Also, 2 is a mediant of and
because = and
=
and
= 2.
3
4
3
9
4
16
9 + 16

(b) Prove that the average of u and v, namely 12 (u + v), is a mediant of u and v.
(c) Prove that every mediant, m, of u and v satisfies u < m < v.

3. Suppose that n 3. A sequence a1 , a2 , a3 , . . . , an of n integers, the first m of which


are equal to 1 and the remaining p = n m of which are equal to 1, is called an
MP sequence.
(a) The sequence 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 is the MP sequence a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 , a5 with m = 2
and p = 3. Consider all of the possible products ai aj ak (with i < j < k) that
can be calculated using the terms from this sequence. Determine how many of
these products are equal to 1.
(b) Consider all of the products ai aj ak (with i < j < k) that can be calculated
using the terms from an MP sequence a1 , a2 , a3 , . . . , an . Determine the number
of pairs (m, p) with 1 m p 1000 and m + p 3 for which exactly half of
these products are equal to 1.

2011
Canadian
Senior
Mathematics
Contest
(English)

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