NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KURUKSHETRA

THEORY EXAMINATION
Question Paper
Month and year of the Exam

May-June 2012

Programme:..........B.Tech.

Semester.........4th
Analog Communication
Maximum Marks...............S0
Time allowed ......3 hours

Subject:. . .
Course No............ECT-204
Number of questions to be attempted ......0S
The question paper has ......09......... questions

Note: Auempt one questionfrom each unit.

euestion oo.

l.(a)
(b)
(c)

I it **pulsory.
(3+3+4)

Explain how time constant in diode detector affects demodulation of an AM

signal?
Explain the relationship between frequency modulation and phase modulation.
Explain the effect of mixing a noise signal with a noise signal?

T]NIT.I

2.(a)

(b)

Calculate the output noise power when a white Gaussian noise of power
spectral density

order n, whose magnitude response is defined

3.(a)
(b)

/2

is

qqsed through (i) RC-low pass filter (ii) The rectangular (ideal) Iow pass filter (iii) A
differentiating filter (iv) An integrator.
A white noise u'(r) of power spectral density No /2 is applied to a Butterworth low-pass filter
of

bv

lacll=flt.(/^J"]"'.

(6)

(4\

Determine (i) the

noise equivalent bandwidth for this low-pass filter. (ii) What is the limiting value
of the noise
equivalent bandwidth as n approaches to infinity?
A coil an inductance of 2H and an internal resistance of I O is shunted by capacitor of 2 F.
Determine the power density spectrum of the thermal noise across network tarminats.
Describe the mathematical representation of noise in communication systems.
Derive the
expressions for power spectral density and noise power.

(4\
(6)

UNIT.II
4.(a)

(s)

What is quadrature null effect? How it can be reduced in case of DSB-SC modulationd
",

(b)

5.(a)

consider the

AM signal s(t)=4lt+pcos(znf;)fcos(2tf"t) produced by a

sinusoidal
modulating signal of frequencyf . Assume that the modulation factor is p=2,and
the carrier
frequency f" is much greater than f.. The AM signal s(l) is applied to an ideal
envelope
detector, producing the output v(r) . (i) Find the Fourier series representation
of v(r) (ii) what is
the ratio of second-harmonic amplitude to fundamental amplitude in v() ?

modulated signal is given by e(t)

message signal is shown below

Fig. I

= I00cos[200rt+10!m@)dr), where m(t)isthe periodic

m(t)

(s)

(s)

(i)IsthisisaPMoranFMsignaI?(ii)Findthemodulationindexuna,n"ffi
(b)

bandwidth' (iii) Sketch carefully the frequency deviation

with respect to time. (iv) Find the peak
frequency deviation.
Show that the demodulation of FM signals can be achieved
by Foster-seeley discriminator?

UNIT-III
6.(a)
(b)

7.(a)
(b)

Draw the block diagram and explain tlre working of a super

heterodyne receiver. List out the
advartages and disadvantages ofa super heterodyrie receivei.
Draw.the block diagram and describe the working of a simple
FM transmitter using reactance
modulator.

(s)

with the help of a neat block diagram, explain Armstrong F.M transmiffer
method.

(s)

Explain (i) Image Signal Rejection. (ii) Frequency Drift

(5)

(iii)

Frequency scintillation.

(5)

T'NIT-IV
8.(a)
(b)

calculate the power spectral density of Noise in case of DSB-SC

and also calculate figure of
merit.

(s)

baseband signal

m(t) is transmitted using ssB. The received signal may be written

as
s,(r)= m(t)cos ztrTt+k@sin2rf"t where kt| isderived from
m(r) by shifting by 90. phase of
every spectral component in z(t). Assume that the power'rp""our

l't, lrl Vl'f*.

t
G,,(f)=4;i'

d;,ty of

m(t)

is

Find (i) The input signat power (ii) The output signal power (iii)

If

I o,

lrl, r,

white Gaussian noise with power spectral density

SNR. The baseband signal cuts off atf =
fu .
9.

Explain how can' the noise performance

increasing the bandwidth?

r7

isadded to the SSB signal, find the output

of FM communication

systems be improved by

(10)