LESSONS

Lesson-1
1.

Al-ahqamul Taqlifia.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

2.

Wajib.
Haram.
Masnun/Mandub.
Makruh.
Mubah.

Al-ahqamul Wadiya.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Shart (Condition).
Maniya (hindrance).
Sahih (correct).
Fasid (incorrect).

Lesson-2
3.

There are five pillars of Islam.

a.

Testimony.

(1)
has 4 factors.

1st Part.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

(2)
aspects.

b.

Love.
Humbleness.
Hope.
Fear.

2nd Part.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

There is no god except Allah to worship. It

Prophet (s) is His messenger. There are 4

Believing everything that he (s) brought.

Following everything that he (s) commanded.
Loving him.
Following the manner he taught.

Salah.
(1)
Tahara.
(a)
Al-hada al-Akbar (major state of impurity).
(b)
Al-hada al-Asfar (minor state of impurity).
(2)

Types of water.
(a)
Clean.
(b)
Mixed with impurity.
(c)
Mixed with something pure.

(3)

Any doubt on 50-50% about purity is to be considered as

pure.
(4)
Utensils made of silver & gold are to be considered impure.
But in case of doubt, is to be pure. (One of the reasons of
prohibition is proud).
(5)
A person must nor face or show back towards Quibla while
relieving at open place.
(6)
Invocation while getting in & out of lavatory included getting
into washing room.
(7)
Any dish being impure by dog, will have to be washed seven
times of which one time will be with dirt.
(8)
Blood spilled from sacrificing animal, is impure. But blood
stick with veins & flesh is considered to be pure.
(9)
Wild animal is impure.
(10) All dead animals are impure except slaughtered in the name
of Allah.
(11) Only cleaning the affected area suffices even if the colour
remains.
(12) Sperm.
(a)
Mani (comes out with thrust), is pure. But a person is
to make gusal for being taheer.
(b)
Wadi (light fluid), is impure. But only wuju is sufficient.
(c)
Madi (sticky fluid), is impure & wuju suffices.
(13) Istinja.
(a)
With stones or likewise and water.
(b)
With stones or likewise only
(c)
With water only.
(14) Urine of infants.
(a)
Infant Boy. If the baby doesnt take other food at its
own desire, only sprinkle of water will suffice.
(b)
Infant girl. Whatever may be the cloth is to be
washed.
Lesson-3
4.

Wuju.
a.
Intention.
No utterance.
b.
Rinse mouth, blow water out of nose with one handful of water
three times.
c.
Two manners of Wuju.
(1)
Complete one (recommended).
(2)
Shortened one.
Is to be done in order, (face, hand,
head & feet). Performing from right to left is mustahab.
d.
Washing each part of wuju one after another quickly is one of the
pillars.
e.
Wiping over leather socks includes all type of socks.
f.
Difference between wiping over socks & bandage.

(1)
Time factor. No time factor for bandage.
(2)
Condition. Person must be in state of wuju while wearing
socks, but not for bandage.
(3)
Minor impurity.
Wiping over socks is valid only
when removing minor impurity. Its otherwise in case of bandage.
(4)
Part. While wiping over socks, only wiping upper part
suffices, but for bandage wiping over the whole part is needed.
(5)
All rules apply about breaking wuju.
g.
8 aspects nullify wuju. Scholars differ on few of the aspects i.e. how
much blood
nullify wuju.
(1)
For scholars, they will make istihad looking into most close to
correct.
(2)
For average line file people, should ask the scholar whom he
trusts.
5.

Gusal.
a.
Whole body is to be washed. If someone is in state of janaba, had
wet dreams, after menses likewise and a non-martyr.
b.
Two manners of gusal i.e. complete (recommended) & shortened.

6.

Tayammum.
a.
Applicable when water is unavailable or someone is unable to use.
b.
Scholars disputed whether tayammum substitutes wuju or removes
ritual impurity.
(1)
Opinion 1. For each prayer tayammum is to be renewed.
(2)
Opinion 2. No time limit, just as wuju.
c.
3 opinions about biting hands.
(1)
Imam Shafi. Biting hands on dust or sand.
(2)
Imam Malik. Biting hands on anything part of earth.
(3)
Imam Abu Hanifa. Biting hands on clean earth (most
correct).

7.
Menses.
No salah, no fast, no divorce. However, scholars differed if
divorced whether to count or not.
8.
Istihada (cont bleeding).
A woman is not counted in menses. All
shariah rulings apply. Needs to perform wuju before every salah.
9.

Salah.
a.
If someone gets one rakah within the time, gets the whole of prayer.
b.
Best to offer salah at the beginning of its time.
c.
Missed salah is to be made up immediately.
d.
Covering awrah is a must. Permissible clothing is to be worn. For
women some bit of relaxation is allowed in front of mahram but not
allowed in salah.
e.
Facing quibla is a must.

f.
Someone must go to the mosque in calm & dignified manner.
g.
Invocation while entering/going out of mosque is partly weak. Sahih
portion is wa as aluka min fadlik- while going out of mosque.
h.
Raising hands up to shoulder or ear-lobe level.
j.
Hadit about placing of ones hand-all are week. A person can choose
any.
k.
Reciting fatiha is a must, be it alone, be it as imam or be it behind
imam.
l.
Saying aujubillah. Best to recite before every rakah (unit).
m.
Saying bismillah. 3 opinions.
(1)
Imam Shafi. Its a verse of surah Fatiha & must be recited or
else salah will be invalid.
(2)
Imam Malik. Better not to recite.
(3)
Imam Abu Hanifa. Its not a verse of sura Fatiha. But better
to recite before every surah (most correct).
n.
Sujud. Is to be done on seven parts. If any of the parts doesnt touch
the ground during entire sujud, will be nullified.
p.
Tashahud. There are two reports, i.e. Ibn Masud & Ibn Abbas.
Either can be followed.
q.
Supplication.
(1)
1st opinion. Things related to the hereafter can only be
asked for.
(2)
2nd Opinion. Anything can be asked for (most correct).
r.
3 Aspects.
(1)
Arkan (pillar).
Missing intentionally or unintentionally
will render salah to be void.
(2)
Wajib. Unintentional missing needs sahu sujud.
(3)
Mustahab. Missing whether intentional or not will not
render salah to be void.
s.
Invocation. Person should ask forgiveness 3 times.
t.
Sunnah Prayer.
There are 2 types.
(1)
Moakkada (emphasised). Its permissible to make it up when
missed.
(2)
Gaire-moakkada (non-emphasised).
Need not be made up.
u.
Sweetness of Salah.
(1)
Consider Allah is at front & asking directly from Him.
(2)
Understanding what is being recited.
(3)
Learn & practice sunnah as much as poss.
Lesson-4
10.

Prostration.
a.
Forgetfulness (sahu).
(1)
If someone adds something by mistake. Intentionally adding
something will render salah to be void.

(2)
If someone leaves any pillar of salah in any unit & doesnt
remember till the next unit, the first unit will be void & the second
will be taking over as first unit.
(3)
Omission of any wajib.
(4)
In case of any doubt, i.e. 2/3 rakas have been offered. There
might be two situations. A 40-60 situation or a 50-50 situation, in
either cases sahu sujud is to be offered.
(5)
There are two views about when to offer sahu sujud, before
or after tasleem. However, few of the fuqahas have specified
occasions when to offer before & when after tasleem.
b.

c.
blessings.

Tilawah.
(1)
There are 14-15 places in the Quran for such prostration &
are to be offered after reciting the verse.
(2)
May be offered within or outside salah.
(3)
During recitation, no taqbeer is needed only someone is to
prostrate.
(4)
Sub hana rabbial ala is to be recited three times.
(5)
The one who recites and the one who listens with intent are
to offer the prostration. The one who just listens while passing by is
not obliged to perform.
Gratitude (shukur). Offered when someone is bestowed with some

11.

Invalidation of Prayer.
a.
Salah doesnt break for movement unless any of the following three
conditions are met:
(1)
Excessive movement.
(2)
Continuous movement.
(3)
Movement for no apparent reason.
b.
Eating or drinking during salah renders it to be invalidated.
c.
Such turning whereby someones back faces quibla, invalidates
prayer. Partial turning doesnt.

12.

Disliking During Prayer.

a.
Doing something that has no benefit.
b.
Sitting on ground like dog.
c.
Shariah takes pride of doing actions not resembling animals.
Shariah also takes pride of not being distracted by anything & paying full
concentration.
d.
Factors make mind busy in salah:
(1)
Purifying with intention.
(2)
Understanding that someone is speaking to Allah.
(3)
Understanding the verses & invocations.
(4)
Staying away from things those distract someone.
e.
Call of nature distracts form salah.

f.
g.

Food distracts from salah.

Disliked acts dont render salah to be void.

Lesson-5
13.

Voluntary Salah.
a.
Salatul Kusuf (solar eclipse).
(1)
Imam Ahmed.
Recommended.
(2)
Other Imams.
Fard Qifaya.
(3)
Imam Abu Hanifa. To be offered like fazr prayer.
(4)
Majority.
To be offered two rakas, each rakah is to have
two ruku.
b.
Salatul Witr.
(1)
Majority.
Sunnah Muakkada.
(2)
Imam Abu Hanifa. Wajib.
c.
Salatul Istiska (rain).
(1)
Offered in open place.
(2)
Offered as Eid prayer, 7 takbeer in 1st unit & 5 takbeer in 2nd
unit.
(3)
Two opinions about number of khutba, i.e. 1 or 2.
(4)
Factors to be observed- asking for forgiveness, giving
peoples right, removing oppression, doing good to people etc.
(5)
No association with weather forecast.
14.

Prohibited time of prayer.

Three times.
a.
From the time of Fazr till sunrise, other than sunnah & farj of Fazr,
with exception i.e. tahiyatul masjid.
b.
From Asr till sunset, except salatul Asr.
c.
Time when the sun is at its zenith.

15.

Congregational Prayer.
a.
Most correct view its wajib, as Allah says, bow with those who

bow.
b.
Minimum 2 persons needed to make a jamat, the more the number
the better.
c.
If someone gets a jamat, even after offering alone, is to join the
congregation.
d.
The person who memorises more of Quran is to be appointed as
imam. If they are equal, then the one who knows more of sunnah.
e.
No salah for the one who offers behind the row. Most of the
scholars are of the view that salah will be valid but will not get reward of
congregation.
Lesson-6
16.

Salah of the Excused.

a.
Sickness.
Due to sickness someone might be exempted from
attending congregation, pray in sitting position & likewise. There might be
three situations:
(1)
If the act causes increase in pain.
(2)
If the act delays cure.
(3)
If pain is felt while carrying out the act.
b.
Traveller.
(1)
A person who moves from place to place/stays in a place
temporarily/stays at a place but goes to nearby towns or cities
everyday is considered a traveller.
(2)
A person intends to stay at a place for more than four days
will not be considered a traveller.
17.
Salah at Time of Fear. In such situation a person is to offer prayer the
way its convenient. For example, sitting in a cars seat.
18.

Salatul Jumuah.
a.
Its obligatory for a person to get into the mosque before khateeb
stands in the mimbar.
b.
There are differences of opinions among the scholars about the
permissible time for offering Jumuah:
(1)
Imam Abu Hanifa. Its allowed to offer Jumuah before jawal
(when the sun is at its zenith).
(2)
Imam Malik. Khutbah may be delivered before zawal but
prayer must be offered after.
(3)
Majority.
Both khutbah & salah is to be offered after
zawal.
Its better to observe the third opinion thereby we can come out of all the
difference of opinions and also help Muslimahs from getting confused by
hearing azan who are performing Zuhar prayer at their residences.
c.
A persons who couldnt catch a single unit of prayer with
congregation is to offer four rakahs as zuhar.
d.
Its recommended & sunnah not to prolong the khutbah.
e.
Its advisable to fix both the khutbah & jamat time.

19.

Salatul Eid.
a.
Three opinions:
(1)
Imam Abu Hanifa. Wajib.
(2)
Some Scholars.
Sunnah.
(3)
Ours. Farj Quifiya.
b.
Khutbah.
There are differences of opinions about how to start.
Our opinion is to start with praising Allah.
c.
Difference between two Eid salahs.
(1)
Salatul Fitr is delayed & salatul Ajha is offered early.
(2)
Its recommended to eat odd numbers of dates before
proceeding for salatul fitr, but for saltul ajha its recommended not
to take anything.

d.

(3)
Both the khutbahs will include detail activities related to
respective days.
Takbeerat.
(1)
Its recommended to raise voice but not in a gathering.
(2)
First ten days of Dul-hijjah is similar to the last ten days of

Ramadan.
Lesson-7
20.

Salatul Janajah.
a.
Read sura Yaseen over your deads- is a weak hadit according to
the most of the scholars.
b.
Washing, shrouding & burying the dead are fard quifiya.
c.
Any debt by the dead is to be paid. Prophet (s) never used to offer
funeral prayer who was in debt.
d.
Janaja.
(1)
1st Takbeer. Surah Fatiha.
(2)
2nd Takbeer. Darood (darood-e-Ibrahimi).
(3)
3rd Takbeer. Supplication (may be in any language).
(4)
4th Takbeer. Tasleem.
e.
Two aspects of visiting graves.
(1)
It reminds of hereafter.
(2)
To pray for the deceased.
f.
Its not permissible to pray for oneself in the graveyard.
g.
Its prohibited to seek from the dead.
h.
Opinions about giving rewards to the dead.
(1)
Hasana of Hajj, Umrah & sadaka can be given agreed upon.
(2)
Other acts (salah, nafal fast etc).
(a)
Imam Shafi, Ahmed & others allowed.
(b)
Imam Abu Hanifa, Malik didnt allow. (Preferred view).
j.
Its important to include two things while visiting grave, salam &
supplication.

Lesson-8
21.

Jakat.
a.
Wealth, that is to be qualified to be paid as jakat is to be in
possession for 1 lunar year.
b.
There are two exceptions in the general rule:
(1)
Anything that is extracted from the earth, jakat is due on that
immediately.
(2)
While calculating jakat, asset that is produced during the year
is to be calculated from the original asset.
c.
Buying & selling of wealth & merchandise during the year doesnt
disrupt jakat
calculation.

d.

Jakat is due on As-saima (animals those graze freely, i.e. cows,

sheep, camels etc).
e.
Animals for whom food is to be brought are not liable to jakat.
f.
Jakat is due on food staff, which are harvested, weight & stored (like
dates). Food
staff, which are to be stored with preservatives & all are exempted from
jakat i.e. apple,
orange.
g.
Nisab:
(1)
Camel5
(2)
Cow 30
(3)
Sheep 40
(4)
Crops 600 kg
(5)
Gold 85 gms
(6)
Silver 595 gms
h.
Merchandise means items those are meant for sell.
j.
Time of calculation starts when a person intends to sell his
merchandise. Buying & selling doesnt disrupt calculation.
k.
If a person in debt is able to pay off his debt, must also pay jakat.
l.
If getting back of lent money is uncertain, then the amount is to be
deducted from calculating jakat, if certain then is to be included in the
calculation.
m.
For paying jakat on merchandise, the market value is to be
ascertained & is to be divided by 40.
n.
There are eight categories of people who are allowed to receive
jakat, which is mentioned in chapter At-tawba, verse 60 of Quraan.
p.
More reward on jakat can be achieved by paying it to the most
needy & close relatives.
q.
A person who inherits from a relative is not allowed to pay jakat to
him.
Example:
A has got two brothers B & C, and they dont have father. B doesnt
have children, but C has. A is rich, whereas B & C are not. In this circumstances A
can pay his jakat to C & not allowed to pay to B. Its because, in case of death of
C, A will not inherit anything from C as C has children. But in case of death of B,
A will inherit his wealth as B doesnt have any heir. The basic principal is that
jakat money can no way come back to the payer.
Lesson-9
22.

Jakat
a.
idle talk.
b.
c.
d.

Al- Fitr.
Jakat al-fitr cleans & purifies someone fasted in the Ramadan & had
It gives opportunity to the poor to celebrate Eid.
Amount of food staff to be given as jakat al-fitr is one saa.
There are three views about what is to be given to the poor:
(1)
Any of the five items mentioned in hadit, i.e. dates, raisin,
cheese, bran & barley.

(2)
(3)

Any staple diet can be given. (Most preferred).

Any equivalent amount in cash can be given.

23.
Voluntary Charity.
Prophet (s) said, Seven will get shade of Allah
on the day of judgement................ the one who gives in charity in such a way
that his left hand doesnt know what his right hand gave.
Lesson-10
24.

Siyam.
a.
Fast begins with one of the two events:
(1)
After 30 days of shaban.
(2)
On seeing the moon of ramdan.
b.
The crescent of Ramadan can be seen either by naked eye or by
instrument.
c.
There is a difference of opinion about, if moon can be seen in one
place of the earth, whether whole of the muslim world should fast or not.
There is no solid reference about either of the opinion. However, should
not be an issue of disunity among the Muslims.
d.
Intention for fasting in the Ramadan must be done on the night
before.
e.
Fasting is compulsory upon Muslims except:
(1)
Who have to feed poor & dont have to make up, i.e. old, long
term sick etc.
(2)
Who have to make up fast & dont have to feed poor, i.e.
traveller, generally sick persons etc.
(3)
Who have to feed poor & also have to make up, i.e. pregnant
ladies, breast feeding mothers etc.
f.
There are two opinions about fasting continuous two months as
fidiya:
(1)
Imam Ahmed & Shafi.
If someone breaks fast by sexual
intercourse only.
(2)
Imam Malik & Abu Hanifa.Whoever breaks fast
for anything.
g.
There are two opinions whether fast breaks or not if someone
forgetfully eats or drinks:
(1)
Majority.
It doesnt invalidate fast.
(2)
Imam Malik. It invalidates fast.
h.
Goal of fasting is to obtain taqwa. Idle speech refrains someone
from attaining taqwa.
j.
Recommended act on fasting:
(1)
Taking sahri.
(2)
Breaking fast with date.
(3)
Fasting on Monday.
(4)
Fasting on aiyame beej (13, 14 & 15 of each month).
(5)
Fasting on 6 days of shawwal.
(6)
Fasting on ashura.
k.
It is not permitted to fast in the following days:

(1)
(2)
(3)
25.

Two Eid days.

Days of Tashreeq (11, 12 & 13 of Dulhijja).
Fridays.

Itiquaf.
a.
Fast is not a condition of itiquaf.
b.
Itiquaf can be performed between juhar & asr.

Lesson-11
26.
Q&A.
a.
There are two opinions regarding duration of itiquaf:
(1)
Imam Mailk & Abu Hanifa.Must be done for a complete day.
(2)
Imam Ahmed & Shafi.
Can be done even for an hour.
b.
Itiquaf can be done at any month. Fasting is not a condition of doing
itiquaf. And it is recommended.
c.
There are two scenarios about itiquaf of women at their residences:
(1)
If there is no specific place (salah room) for salah in the
residence then all of the fuqaha have agreed that its permissible.
(2)
If there is place specific for salah then fuquaha have differed:
(a)
Not Permissible (preferred). If it would be permissible,
then the prophet (s) would have permitted his wives to do.
(b)
Permissible.
d.
Ill as well as poor persons who are unable to fast & even pay fidiya
are exempted from fasting.
e.
There are two types of fidya:
(1)
Fidya of Siyam.
Feeding one person every day.
(2)
Fidya of Umrah.
Fasting for 3 days or feeding 6
persons.
f.
Whoever wants to fast on the day of arafa (9th of Dulhijja) is to do it
according to the lunar calendar of his place of residence.
g.
Beginning of Ramadan is done on sighting of new crescent, its
wajib for a person to follow the calendar of ones own country. A person is
also to follow the rulings of the place where he resides at the moment.
h.
Fidya of breast feeding women-there are two scenarios:
(1)
Danger of own life. Mother falls under the category of sick &
only has to make up the days.
(2)
Danger of the childs life. Mother is to make up the missed
fast & also feed poor.
j.
A woman didnt fast due to the post partum bleeding till the next
ramadan has to do the following:
(1)
Ask for forgiveness.
(2)
Make up the missed fast.
(3)
Feed the poor.
k.
At present context jakat cant be paid to the jakat collectors as they
are not detailed by the imams to collect jakat from all over the places.
l.
There are three situations when a person is ill & excused from
fasting:

(1)
Feels sick if he fasts.
(2)
Fast would delay his cure.
(3)
Fast increases his sickness.
m.
Visiting prophets (s) grave by the women is not allowed as prophet
(s) prohibited. Whoever wants to wish him (s) can send salam/wish from
anywhere of the world & that will reach him (s).
n.
Quantity of fidya is one saa which s equivalent to about 1.5 kg.
p.
Women experiencing continuous menses will refrain from salah &
fast for 15 days.
q.
Persons didnt pray & pay jakat, dont have to make up jakat. But
persons who prayed but didnt pay jakat have to pay the due.
r.
Its not permissible to fast the 6 days of shawal before performing
the obligatory fast.