Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Like
Java RDBMS
Quantitative
Aptitude
Online
Tests
Aptitude
Q&A
Share
1.2k
Follow @careerbless
Speed
Mathematics
Scientific
Calculator
Tweet
Miscellaneous
Home > Quantitative aptitude questions and answers with explanation > Numbers > Important Concepts and Formulas - Numbers
I.
b.
c.
d.
Rational Numbers
Examples:
b
b 0
11
0,
etc.
11
e.
Irrational Numbers
Any number which is not a rational number is an irrational number.
In other words, an irrational number is a number which cannot be
expressed as
, 2 , (3 + 5 ) , 4 3
(meaning
4 3 ), 6
etc
Please note that the value of = 3.14159 26535 89793 23846 26433
83279 50288 41971 69399 37510 58209 74944 59230 78164 06286
20899 86280 34825 34211 70679...
http://www.careerbless.com/aptitude/qa/numbers_imp.php
1/22
11/15/2014
f.
Real Numbers
Real numbers include counting numbers, whole numbers, integers,
rational numbers and irrational numbers.
g.
Surds
Let a be any rational number and n be any positive integer such
n
n
that
a is irrational. Then a is a surd.
Example :
6
3 , 10 , 4 3
etc
3
27
II.
III.
Divisibility
a.
Divisible By
One whole number is divisible by another if the remainder we get
after the division is zero.
Examples
i.
ii.
iii.
http://www.careerbless.com/aptitude/qa/numbers_imp.php
2/22
11/15/2014
Divisibility Rules
By using divisibility rules we can easily find out whether a given number
is divisible by another number without actually performing the division.
This helps to save time especially when working with numbers.
Divisibility
Rule
Description
Examples
Divisibility
by 2
A number is divisible by 3 if
the sum of the digits is
Divisibility
by 3
divisible by 3
3 + 8 + 7 = 18.
18 is divisible by 3. Hence 387 is divisible by 3
4 + 2 + 1 = 7.
7 is not divisible by 3. Hence 421 is not divisible
by 3
Example1: Check if 416 is divisible by 4.
Divisibility
by 4
Divisibility
by 5
Divisibility
by 6
A number is divisible by 6 if it is
divisible by both 2 and 3.
http://www.careerbless.com/aptitude/qa/numbers_imp.php
3/22
11/15/2014
Divisibility
by 8
4 + 7 + 1 + 2 + 8 = 22
22 is not divisible by 9. Hence 47128 is not
divisible by 9.
4/22
11/15/2014
by 9
Divisibility
by 10
2+3+1+2=8
7 + 7 + 5 = 19
19 - 8 = 11
11 is divisible by 11. Hence 2737152 is also
divisible by 11.
Example3: Check if 957 is divisible by 11.
9 + 7 = 16
5=5
16 - 5 = 11
11 is divisible by 11. Hence 957 is also divisible
by 11.
Example4: Check if 9548 is divisible by 11.
9 + 4 = 13
5 + 8 = 13
13 - 13 = 0
We got the difference as 0. Hence 9548 is
divisible by 11.
http://www.careerbless.com/aptitude/qa/numbers_imp.php
11/15/2014
Divisibility
by 14
A number is divisible by 14 if it is
divisible by both 2 and 7.
http://www.careerbless.com/aptitude/qa/numbers_imp.php
6/22
11/15/2014
A number is divisible by 15 If it is
divisible by both 3 and 5.
Divisibility
by 16
11/15/2014
Divisibility
by 18
A number is divisible by 18 if
it is divisible by both 2 and 9.
http://www.careerbless.com/aptitude/qa/numbers_imp.php
8/22
11/15/2014
A number is divisible by 20 if it is
divisible by 10 and the tens digit is
even.
Divisibility
by 20
IV.
Factors of a number
If one number is divisible by a second number, the second number
is a factor of the first number
The lowest factor of any positive number = 1
The highest factor of any positive number = the number itself
Example
The factors of 36 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9 12, 18, 36 because each of
these numbers divides 36 with a remainder of 0
b.
ii.
iii.
Write down 1 and the number itself (72) as lowest and highest
factors.
1 . . . 72
ii.
iii.
http://www.careerbless.com/aptitude/qa/numbers_imp.php
9/22
11/15/2014
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
Write down 1 and the number itself (22) as lowest and highest
factors
1 . . . 22
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
x.
c.
http://www.careerbless.com/aptitude/qa/numbers_imp.php
10/22
11/15/2014
V.
Prime Numbers
A prime number is a positve integer that is divisible by itself and 1
only. Prime numbers will have exactly two integer factors.
Examples: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, etc.
Please note the following facts
Zero is not a prime number because zero is divisible by more than
two factors. Zero can be divided by 1, 2, 3 etc.
(0 1 = 0, 0 2 = 0 ...)
One is not a prime number because it does not have two factors. It
is divisible by only 1
b.
Composite Numbers
Composite numbers are numbers that have more than two factors.
A composite number is divisible by at least one number other than 1
and itself.
Examples: 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, etc.
Please note that zero and 1 are neither prime numbers nor
composite numbers.
Every whole number is either prime or composite, with two
exceptions 0 and 1 which are neither prime nor composite
VI.
Prime factor
The factors which are prime numbers are called prime factors
b.
Prime factorization
Prime factorization of a number is the expression of the number as
the product of its prime factors
Example 1:
Prime factorization of 280 can be written as 280 = 2 2 2 5
7 = 23 5 7 and the prime factors of 280 are 2, 5 and 7
Example 2:
Prime factorization of 72 can be written as 72 = 2 2 2 3 3
= 23 32 and the prime factors of 72 are 2 and 3
c.
http://www.careerbless.com/aptitude/qa/numbers_imp.php
11/22
11/15/2014
7
1
Important Properties
Every whole number greater than 1 can be uniquely expressed as
the product of its prime factors. For example, 700 = 22 52 7
VII.
Multiples
Multiples of a whole number are the products of that number with 1, 2,
3, 4, and so on
Example : Multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, ...
If a number x divides another number y exactly with a remainder of 0,
we can say that x is a factor of y and y is a multiple of x
For instance, 4 divides 36 exactly with a remainder of 0. Hence 4 is a
factor of 36 and 36 is a multiple of 4
VIII.
b.
http://www.careerbless.com/aptitude/qa/numbers_imp.php
12/22
11/15/2014
9, 12, 9, 18, 45
9, 6, 9, 9, 45
3, 2, 3, 3, 15
1, 2, 1, 1, 5
http://www.careerbless.com/aptitude/qa/numbers_imp.php
13/22
11/15/2014
Highest
Common
Factor(H.C.F)
or
Greatest
Common
Measure(G.C.M) or Greatest Common Divisor (G.C.D)
Highest
Common
Factor(H.C.F)
or
Greatest
Common
Measure(G.C.M) or Greatest Common Divisor (G.C.D) of two or
more numbers is the greatest number which divides each of them
exactly.
Example : HCF or GCM or GCD of 60 and 75 = 15 because 15 is the
highest number which divides both 60 and 75 exactly.
We can find out HCF using prime factorization method or division
method
b.
http://www.careerbless.com/aptitude/qa/numbers_imp.php
14/22
11/15/2014
We can see that the prime factors mentioned in the left side clearly
divides all the numbers exactly and they are common prime factors.
no common prime factor is exists for the numbers came at the
bottom.
Hence HCF = 3 5 =15.
Example 2 : Find out HCF of 36, 24 and 12
2 36, 24, 12
2 18, 12, 6
3 9, 6, 3
3, 2, 1
We can see that the prime factors mentioned in the left side clearly
divides all the numbers exactly and they are common prime factors.
no common prime factor is exists for the numbers came at the
bottom.
Hence HCF = 2 2 3 = 12.
Example 3 : Find out HCF of 36, 24 and 48
2 36, 24, 48
2 18, 12, 24
3 9, 6, 12
3, 2, 4
We can see that the prime factors mentioned in the left side clearly
divides all the numbers exactly and they are common prime factors.
http://www.careerbless.com/aptitude/qa/numbers_imp.php
15/22
11/15/2014
i.
ii.
iii.
http://www.careerbless.com/aptitude/qa/numbers_imp.php
16/22
11/15/2014
2
LCM (1, 3, 3)
LCM =
3
4
3
=
2
HCF (2, 8, 4)
2
5
LCM (2, 3)
LCM =
3
10
6
=
http://www.careerbless.com/aptitude/qa/numbers_imp.php
17/22
11/15/2014
HCF of Numerators
HCF for fractions =
LCM of Denominators
11
9
20
HCF =
=
220
4
5
HCF (4, 2)
HCF =
2
3
2
=
15
LCM (5, 3)
XII.
XIII.
and
1
5
1
>
Example 2: Compare
and
3
7
and
8
7
http://www.careerbless.com/aptitude/qa/numbers_imp.php
3
>
2
>
18/22
11/15/2014
3
>
b.
2
>
and
3
8
3
<
Example 2: Compare
and
and
7
5
7
<
the
7
<
c.
the
and
4
7
3 7
=
is 7.
21
35
The denominator of
4
7
35. Hence,
4 5
=
7
=
5 7
is 5.
35. Hence,
3
20
=
7 5
21
35
20
>
35
35
Hence,
4
>
Or
Convert the fractions to decimals
3
= .6
5
4
= .5. . .
(Need not find out the complete decimal value; just find
out up to what is required for comparison. In this case the first digit
itself is sufficient to do the comparison)
.6 > .5...
Hence,
4
>
XIV.
http://www.careerbless.com/aptitude/qa/numbers_imp.php
19/22
11/15/2014
XV.
Comments(44)
http://www.careerbless.com/aptitude/qa/numbers_imp.php
Newest
20/22