4/15/2016

PH 108 Electromagnetic Theory

Maxwell's Equation and Poyntings Theorem
Tutor: Vishnu Nair
(D4-T2 Batch )
Contact: nair.vishnu.1993@gmail.com
+919930205083
H14 A 406

Disclaimer :
The slides have been developed from various
books and sources . I dont claim the ownership
of the content in these slides. This is not for
commercial purposes.
VN

VISHNU NAIR , IIT BOMBAY

4/15/2016

Discovery of EM Waves: Pre- Maxwellian times

VISHNU NAIR , IIT BOMBAY

Discovery of EM Waves: The Anomaly !

Div of a curl is zero !

The Anomaly starts here depending

whether I am dealing with a Steady
current or not ! In a general
problem it may not be steady
Consider a parallel plate capacitor where we apply Amperes Law at two different
amperian loops S1 and S2 (They can be taken in any configuration)
S1 obeys amperes law but S2 doesnt !!
Why does this happen ?
Whats wrong in this system ?

VISHNU NAIR , IIT BOMBAY

4/15/2016

Discovery of EM Waves: The Correction !

The anomaly arise because we have a system from charge accumulates hence
violating equation of continuity !!
How do we account for this phenomenon in our equation and make a correction ?

The above is the change in charge density owing to a fluctuation in Electric field with
time which destroys the consistency of my amperes law ! Hence we add this term to J
in amperes law to kill it off !

Displacement Current

VISHNU NAIR , IIT BOMBAY

Discovery of EM Waves: The Correction !

Why was it only observed in Hertzs
Experiment and not before ?

Changing Electric field inducing a Magnetic field in presence

or absence of a steady current !

Changing Magnetic field inducing an Electric field in

absence of a steady current !
NEED FOR A COUPLED SET OF NON-CONSERVATIVE ELECTRIC AND
MAGNETIC FIELDS SATISFYING THE REQUISITE VECTOR ALEGBRA OF
BOTH EQNS AN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE !
VISHNU NAIR , IIT BOMBAY

4/15/2016

Maxwells Equation

In materials the equations become :

VISHNU NAIR , IIT BOMBAY

Problem 1

VISHNU NAIR , IIT BOMBAY

4/15/2016

VISHNU NAIR , IIT BOMBAY

Energy conservation in EM Waves : Poyntings Theorem

Energy density in individual fields

Let us consider some charge and current configuration producing our Electric and
Magnetic field . Now consider the work done by these fields on this charge
configuration in a tie interval dt

VISHNU NAIR , IIT BOMBAY

4/15/2016

Energy conservation in EM Waves : Poyntings Theorem

VISHNU NAIR , IIT BOMBAY

Energy conservation in EM Waves : Poyntings Theorem

Poyntings Vector

This work done appears as mechanical energy of the charge configuration

VISHNU NAIR , IIT BOMBAY

4/15/2016

Go to EM Waves and come back to do

Problem 2 !!

VISHNU NAIR , IIT BOMBAY

Problem 2

VISHNU NAIR , IIT BOMBAY

4/15/2016

VISHNU NAIR , IIT BOMBAY

VISHNU NAIR , IIT BOMBAY

4/15/2016

VISHNU NAIR , IIT BOMBAY

VISHNU NAIR , IIT BOMBAY