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Functional Description
Measurement Method
The overexcitation protection feature servers to measure the voltageU/frequency ratio f, which is proportional to the B induction and puts it in relation to the BN nominal
induction. In this context, both voltage and frequency are related to nominal values of the object to be protected (generator, transformer).
The calculation is based on the maximum voltage of the three phase-to-phase voltages. The frequency range monitored extends from 10 Hz to 70 Hz.
prim/UN Mach).
Characteristic Curves
Overexcitation protection includes two staged characteristics and one thermal characteristic for approximate modeling of the heating of the protection object due to
overexcitation. As soon as a first pickup threshold (warning stage 4302 U/f >) has been exceeded, a 4303 T U/f > time stage is started. On its expiry a warning
message is transmitted. At the same time a counter switching is activated when the pickup threshold is exceeded. This weighted counter is incremented in accordance
with the current U/f value resulting in the trip time for the parametrized characteristic. A trip signal is transmitted as soon as the trip counter state has been reached.
The trip signal is retracted as soon as the value falls below the pickup threshold and the counter is decremented in accordance with a parametrizable cool-down time.
The thermal characteristic is specified by 8 value pairs for overexcitation U/f (related to nominal values) and trip time t. In most cases, the specified characteristic for
standard transformers provides sufficient protection. If this characteristic does not correspond to the actual thermal behavior of the object to be protected, any desired
characteristic can be implemented by entering customer-specific trip times for the specified U/f overexcitation values. Intermediate values are determined by a linear
interpolation within the device.
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Setting Notes
General
Independent Stages
Thermal Characteristic
Limitation
Cooling Time
Voltage Transformer Adaptation
General
Overexcitation protection is only effective and available if address 143 OVEREXC. PROT. is set to Enabled during configuration. If the function is not required, it is set
to Disabled. Address 4301 OVEREXC. PROT. serves to switch the function ON or OFF or to block only the trip command (Block relay).
Overexcitation protection measures the voltage/frequency quotient which is proportional to the induction B. The protection must intervene when the limit value for the
protected object (e.g. unit transformer) is exceeded. The transformer is for example endangered if the power station block is switched off at full-load operation and the
voltage regulator does not respond fast enough or not at all to avoid related voltage increase.
Similarly a decrease in frequency (speed), e.g. in island systems, can lead to an inadmissible increase in induction.
In this way the U/f protection monitors the correct functioning both of the voltage regulator and of the speed regulation, in all operating states.
Independent Stages
The limit-value setting at address 4302 U/f > is based on the induction limit value relation to the nominal induction (B/BN) as specified by the manufacturer of the object
to be protected.
A pickup message is transmitted as soon as the induction limit value U/f set at address 4302 is exceeded. A warning message is transmitted after expiry of the
corresponding 4303 T U/f > time delay.
The 4304 U/f >>, 4305 T U/f >> trip stage characteristic serves to rapidly switch off particularly strong overexcitations.
The time set for this purpose is an additional time delay which does not include the operating time (measuring time, drop-out time).
Thermal Characteristic
A thermal characteristic is superimposed on the trip stage characteristic. For this purpose, the temperature rise created by the overexcitation is approximately
modeled. Not only the already mentioned pickup signal is generated on transgression of the U/f induction limit set at address 4302, but in addition a counter is activated
additionally which causes the tripping after a length of time corresponding to the set characteristic.
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Limitation
The heating model of the object to be protected is limited to a 150 % overshoot of the trip temperature.
Cooling Time
Tripping by the thermal image drops out by the time of the pickup threshold dropout. However, the counter content is counted down to zero with the cooldown time
parametrized at address 4314 T COOL DOWN. In this context this parameter is defined as the time required by the thermal image to cool down from 100 % to 0 %.
Mach).
Settings
Addr.
Parameter
Setting Options
Default Setting
Comments
4301
OVEREXC. PROT.
OFF
ON
Block relay
OFF
4302
U/f >
1.00 .. 1.20
1.10
4303
T U/f >
10.00 sec
4304
U/f >>
1.00 .. 1.40
1.40
4305
T U/f >>
1.00 sec
4306
t(U/f=1.05)
0 .. 20000 sec
20000 sec
4307
t(U/f=1.10)
0 .. 20000 sec
6000 sec
4308
t(U/f=1.15)
0 .. 20000 sec
240 sec
4309
t(U/f=1.20)
0 .. 20000 sec
60 sec
4310
t(U/f=1.25)
0 .. 20000 sec
30 sec
4311
t(U/f=1.30)
0 .. 20000 sec
19 sec
4312
t(U/f=1.35)
0 .. 20000 sec
13 sec
4313
t(U/f=1.40)
0 .. 20000 sec
10 sec
4314
T COOL DOWN
0 .. 20000 sec
3600 sec
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Information List
No.
Information
Type of Information
Comments
5353
>U/f BLOCK
SP
5357
SP
5361
U/f> OFF
OUT
5362
U/f> BLOCKED
OUT
5363
U/f> ACTIVE
OUT
5367
U/f> warn
OUT
5369
RM th.rep. U/f
OUT
5370
U/f> picked up
OUT
5371
U/f>> TRIP
OUT
5372
U/f> th.TRIP
OUT
5373
U/f>> pick.up
OUT
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