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Chemical Naming:
Chemical nomenclature is
a set of rules to
generate systematic names for chemical compounds. The
nomenclature rules used most frequently worldwide are
these created and developed by the International Union of
Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). For our purposes,
we will simply say it is a system of naming chemical
compounds.
There are two primary forms of compounds that will
require naming in the world of chemistry. There are
organic compounds, compounds that contain the element
carbon, and there are inorganic compounds, all remaining
compounds that do not include the element carbon.
In this course we are going to focus our attention on
naming the inorganic compounds, and writing the
formulas of these compounds.
You should have already memorized the twenty five
common polyatomic ions that are listed on the back of
your periodic table. If you havent memorized these yet,
it is of utmost importance to accomplish this task as soon
as possible. This is because these polyatomic ions play a
significant role in naming compounds and writing
formulas.
The following are some examples of naming
compounds and writing formulas.
Chemical Name:
Sodium chloride
Magnesium nitride
Zinc oxalate
Nickel (II) nitrate
Iron (II) sulfate
Iron (III) sulfate
Lead (IV) carbonate
Ammonium phosphite
Ions present:
+1
-1
Na Cl
Mg+2 N-3
Zn+2 C2O4-2
Ni+2 NO3-1
Fe+2 SO4-2
Fe+3 SO4-2
Pb+4 CO3-2
NH4+1 PO3-3
Formula:
NaCl
Mg3N2
ZnC2O4
Ni(NO3)2
FeSO4
Fe2(SO4)3
Pb(CO3)2
(NH4)3PO3
Required activities:
Important Vocabulary
(12/4)
(11/30)
(11/30)
(12/1)
(12/2)
(12/3)
(12/4)
(12/8)
Naming Worksheet 1
Naming Worksheet 2
Programmed Learning Packet
Sheet of 40 and 100
Nomenclature and Household items
(12/8)
(12/10)
(12/14)
(12/11)
(12/11)
(12/16)
(12/17)
(12/14)
Cation
Polyatomic ion
Anion
Molecular compound
Monoatomic ion
Binary compound
Acid
Law of Definite
Proportions
Base
Additional Resources:
1. http://www.quia.com/shared/science/
2. http://www.sporcle.com/games/RyanWitchey/Chem_Ionic
(12/17)
(12/9)
(12/15)
(12/15)
(12/18)
Ionic compound
2.
Chemistry
Problems and Questions
Name:
Hour:
Chemical Naming
Directions:
Answer the following questions using complete sentences when necessary. On numerical problems, show all work,
circle your answers, and follow all rules of significant figures for full credit.
1. Classify each of the following elements as a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid. Use complete sentences.
a) Aluminum
b) Silver
c) Silicon
d) Helium
e) Zinc
2. What is an ion? Describe the formation of a cation and of an anion.
3. State the number of electrons either lost or gained in forming each ion. (ex: Sc +3 has lost three electrons.)
a) S-2
b) K+ c) Cld) Ba+2 e) Li+ f) H4. Name each of the ions in #3 and state whether they are cations or anions.
5. Using only the periodic table, name and write the formulas of the ions of these representative elements.
a) Lithium
b) Oxygen
c) Barium
d) Nitrogen
e) Fluorine
f) Potassium
g) Neon
h) Beryllium
g) Sn+4
c) CN-
d) Cr+3 e) Cr2O7-2
h) MnO4-
i) SO3-2
j) Se-2
10. Write the formula and charge of each of the following ions.
a) Magnesium ion
b) Lead (IV) ion
c) Chromate ion
d) Tin (II) ion
e) Nitrite ion
f) Iodide ion
g) Chlorate ion
h) Hydroxide ion
i) Iron (II) ion
j) Ammonium ion
k) Copper (I) ion
11. Write the formulas for the compounds formed from these pairs of ions.
a) Sr+2, Se-2
b) K+, O-2
c) Ca+2, N-3
d) Co+3, I12. Write the formulas for these compounds.
a) Silver sulfide
b) Tin (IV) chloride
d) Strontium iodide
e) Silver sulfate
g) Mercury (II) bromide
h) Ammonium dichromate
j) Chromium (III) nitrite
c) Sodium nitride
f) Potassium chlorate
i) Lithium hydrogen sulfate
13. Rewrite this table in your notebook and write the correct formulas for the compounds formed by combining positive and negative ions.
Then name each compound.
SO4-2
Ca+2
NH4+
Al+3
Pb+4
14. Name each of the following substances.
a) CaO
b) Ba3(PO4)2
f) NO2
g) CuC2H3O2
k) (NH4)2C2O4 l) NO2-1
15. Write the formulas of these compounds.
a) Calcium carbonate
d) Magnesium sulfide
g) Nitrogen gas
j) Copper (II) iodide
16. Name each compound.
a) NH4OH
b) HF
f) CO
g) K2CO3
k) Li2HPO4
l)Li2CO3
OH-
_______
_______
_______
_______
c) I2
h) HClO4
PO4-3
________
________
________
________
i) Cl2O
b) Sodium bromide
e) Sulfuric acid
h) Barium hydroxide
k) Zinc oxalate
_________
_________
_________
_________
S-2
_________
_________
_________
_________
d) BaSO4
e) Mg(OH)2
j) HgF2
c) PI3
h) N2H4
d) Be(NO3)2
i) ZnO
e) KMnO4
j) Mg(MnO4)2
c) SnO2
h) HClO3
d) Fe(C2H3O2)3
i) HgBr2
e) KHSO4
j) AlP
g) Ammonium nitrate
h) Dichlorine heptoxide
i) Trisilicon tetranitride
j) Sodium silicate
i) HNO3
j) Phosphorous acid
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
Calcium sulfate
Calcium sulfite
Ammonium nitrite
Sodium hydroxide
Zinc chloride
Zinc nitrate
Zinc hydroxide
Zinc hydrogen sulfite
Aluminum hydroxide
Aluminum oxide
Copper (III) permanganate
Sodium sulfite
Chromium (III) sulfide
Ammonium acetate
Ammonium bromide
Barium chloride
Calcium bromide
Calcium carbonate
Copper (III) chloride
Lead (II) acetate
Magnesium sulfate
Iron (III) oxide
Iron (II) sulfate
Iron (II) hydroxide
Iron (III) cyanide
Thallium (II) chlorate
Magnesium perchlorate
Manganese (II) nitrate
Lead (IV) dichromate
Mercury (II) sulfate
Sodium phosphate
Sodium dichromate
Sodium acetate
Iron (III) chloride
Barium hydrogen carbonate
Iron (III) hydroxide
Sodium silicate
Potassium carbonate
Potassium nitrite
Potassium sulfate
Potassium oxalate
Silver nitrate
Silver acetate
Mercury (II) chloride
Calcium hydrogen phosphate
Lead (II) chromate
Sodium oxalate
Mercury (II) oxide
Mercury (I) chloride
Sodium sulfide
Compound Names
GIVE THE CORRECT NAMES FOR THE FOLLOWING CHEMICAL FORMULAS:
1.
KI
21.
NH4Cl
2.
CaF2
22.
SnI4
3.
Ba(ClO4)2
23.
ZnO
4.
ZnSO3
24.
CuCN
5.
AgNO3
25.
Fe(OH)3
6.
HF
26
PbCO3
7.
MgO
27.
Li2SO3
8.
CaCO3
28.
BaCr2O7
9.
Mn3(PO3)2
29.
NaC2H3O2
10. AsCl3
30.
Mg3(PO4)2
11. HgCl2
31.
Na2O
12. PtCl
32.
CCl4
13. Rb2S
33.
K2 S
14. Al(NO2)3
34.
Ni(NO2)2
15. K2S
35.
Mn2(Cr2O7)3
16. Fe2O3
36.
CaSO3
17. HI
37.
K2C2O4
18. SnCl2
38.
Ca2C
19. SO3
39.
CO
20.
40.
KCN
AlN
Procedure:
1. Visit each of the twelve lab stations and copy down the name of the substance.
2. While at the lab stations, decide the main use for the substance (cooking, cleaning, or medicine) and record this
in the usage column.
3. Look on the ingredient list to find the main component on the substance. Write the name of the main
component in the appropriate column of the data table.
4. Looking at the name of the main ingredient/component, write the formula of the substance.
5. Look to see if the substance has a warning or hazard listed. Write Yes if the substance has a hazard or a
warning. Write No if the substance does not list a hazard or warning.
Analysis:
1. Identify how many items you have in each usage category. Explain why you grouped particular items with each
other and not in a different group.
2. On what types of products did most of the warning/hazard labels appear? Explain why products that serve a
similar purpose might have similar warnings.
3. Make a general statement explaining a consistent pattern for each type of chemical (cooking, cleaning, and
medicine). Make a statement for all three types of products. Ex: All cleaning products.. All cooking products
4. Create a fourth category you could have used to classify the products. What would that category have been
called? Which products would you have put into this new category? Why move these products to the new
category.
5. What smell do you associate with a swimming pool? Is this smell also present in any of the products you looked
at? Hypothesize why swimming pools do not contain warning labels regarding the chemicals being used and
support your answer.
Data Table:
Substance
1
10
11
12
Usage
Formula of main
component
Hazard or
Warning
This program involves the nomenclature of compounds containing two different elements. Such compounds are
called binary compounds. The general rule for naming binary compounds is that the less electronegative (more
electropositive or more metallic) element is named first, followed by the name of the more electronegative
(more nonmetallic) element, with the name of the latter having its normal ending replaced by the suffix ide.
In forming a stem, the last syllable in the name of the element is generally dropped. The stem never
ends in a vowel. Thus, the stem for chlorine is chlor. The stem for iodine is (8) __________________.
The stem for arsenic is (9) _____________________, for selenium (10) _________________________,
for carbon (11) _______________. Should the stem end in a vowel or a vowel sound, the vowel is also
dropped to make the stem. In making a stem from nitrogen, dropping the last syllable gives nitro. Since
o is a vowel, it also is dropped, giving nitr. A binary compound in which nitrogen is the more
electronegative element is called a nitride. The stem for oxygen is (12) ____________________ since
oxy ends in a vowel sound. The stem for phosphorus is (13)______________. There are exceptions to
these rules.
Consider the compound MgI2. The name of the metallic element is (14) ___________________ and the
name of the nonmetallic element is (15) _____________________. The (16) _____________________
element is named first. A stem is formed from the name of the (17) ___________________ element and
to this stem is added the suffix (18) _______________. Following this procedure, the name of the
compound MgI2 is written as (19) ______________________________.
To write the correct chemical name of the compound NH3, commonly known as
(20)__________________, it is necessary to know that nitrogen is more electronegative (nonmetallic)
than hydrogen. The element (21) ____________ is named first, and a stem is formed from the name of
the element (22)____________________. Thus, the correct chemical name for NH3 is
(23)__________________________. Usually, formulas of compounds are written with the symbol of
the more metallic element listed first.
Write the names of the following compounds, assuming that the more metallic element is listed first.
H20
(24) ___________________________________
AlF3
(25) ___________________________________
Ca2C
(26) ___________________________________
K2S
(27) ___________________________________
Mg3N2
(28) ___________________________________
Ca3P2
(29) ___________________________________
BaH2
(30) ___________________________________
HCl
(31) ___________________________________
The binary and hydrogen-containing compounds of Group VII A elements and Group VI A elements other than
oxygen produce acids when dissolved in water. Such acids are named by adding the prefix hydro- and the
suffix ic to the stem of the name of the nonmetal. This word is then followed by the word acid to complete the
name of the substance. Consider the name of the acid which results when the gas hydrogen chloride, HCl, is
dissolved in water.
The stem of the nonmetallic element is (32) _______________________. Adding to this stem the prefix
(33) _______________ and the suffix (34) ________________________ gives the word
(35) ____________________. Thus, a water solution of HCl is named (36) _____________________
acid. A water solution of HF is named (37) _________________________. A water solution of HBr is
named (38) ___________________________. (In naming sulfur compounds, the suffixes ic and ous
are added to the word sulfur rather than to the stem sulf.)
There are several polyatomic ions which are treated as single atoms when naming compounds. The names and
formulas of the most common of these ions are:
NH4+ -
ammonium ion
OH- -
hydroxide ion
CN- -
cyanide ion
(Note the difference between NH3, ammonia, which is a neutral molecule, and NH4+, the ammonium
ion, which carries a charge of +1.) Compounds containing the above ions are named according to the
general rule for naming binary compounds. Thus, the name for NaOH is sodium hydroxide. The name
for NH4Cl is (39) __________________________________________. The name for KCN is
(40)_____________________________. The name for NH4OH is (41) ________________________.
The same elements can sometimes combine to form more than one compound. For example, the elements
sulfur and oxygen can combine to form the compounds SO2 and SO3. Since SO2 and SO3 are two distinct
compounds, both cannot be named sulfur oxide. Several methods may be used to distinguish between such
compounds.
For binary compounds of nonmetals, the general rule is modified to include prefixes with the names of
the elements. The prefix mono- means one, but is generally not used. The other prefixes up to 10 are di, two; tri-, three; tetra-, four; penta-, five; hexa-, six; hepta-, seven; octa-, eight; ennea- or nona-, nine;
and deca-, ten. Thus N2O5 is named dinitrogen pentoxide, NO2 is named nitrogen dioxide, and N2O4 is
named dinitrogen tetroxide. For P4O10, the prefix (42) _____________________ is used with
phosphorus and the prefix (43)__________________ is used with oxide to give the name
(44)________________________________________________. When a prefix ending in a is added to
a word beginning with o or a, the a in the prefix is dropped.
(45) _____________________________________
SF6
(46) _____________________________________
SO2
(47) _____________________________________
SO3
(48) _____________________________________
N2O3
(49) _____________________________________
N2O
(50) _____________________________________
P4O6
(51) _____________________________________
P4S10
(52) _____________________________________
(53) _______________________________
Phosphorus pentachloride
(54) _______________________________
Dichlorine heptoxide
(55) _______________________________
Chlorine dioxide
(56) _______________________________
The preferred system for naming compounds of metals with variable oxidation states is the IUPAC
(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) system, often known as the Stock system. According to
this system, the oxidation state of the metal is indicated by writing it in Roman numerals enclosed in
parentheses after the name of the metal. For binary compounds, the suffix ide is added to the stem of the name
of the nonmetal as before. Consider the compounds SnO and SnO2. Since the usual oxidation number of
oxygen in compounds is 2, the oxidation numbers of Sn in SnO and SnO2 are +2 and +4 respectively. Thus,
the compound SnO is named tin(II) oxide. In compounds of metals with chlorine, the oxidation number of
chlorine is 1. Thus, in the compounds FeCl2 and FeCl3 the oxidation numbers of Fe are +2 and +3,
respectively. According to the IUPAC system, FeCl2 is named iron (II) chloride and FeCl3 is named
(57) _________________________________. Name the following compounds according to the IUPAC
system.
HgS
(58) ___________________________________
Hg2S
(59) ___________________________________
Sn(OH)2
(60) ___________________________________
Sn(OH)4
(61) ___________________________________
MnO
(62) ___________________________________
Mn2O3
(63) ___________________________________
MnO2
(64) ___________________________________
CuCN
(65) ___________________________________
Cu(CN)2
(66) ___________________________________
Fe2O3
(67) ___________________________________
FeO
(68) ___________________________________
FeF2
(69) ___________________________________
PbO2
(70) ___________________________________
PbO
(71) ___________________________________
Sodium
Magnesium
Gallium
Chloride
Phosphite
Nitrate
Oxide
Nitride
Sulfate
Write the formulas for the following compounds:
1. Copper (II) chloride
__________________________
2. Lithium acetate
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
5. Beryllium oxide
__________________________
6. Sodium sulfate
__________________________
7. Aluminum arsenide
__________________________
8. Potassium permanganate
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
Silver
Lead (IV)
____________________________
2. Hexaboron monosilicide
____________________________
3. Chlorine dioxide
____________________________
4. Hydrogen monoiodide
____________________________
5. Iodine pentafluoride
____________________________
6. Dinitrogen trioxide
____________________________
7. Ammonia
____________________________
8. Phosphorous triiodide
____________________________
________________________________________
2. O2
________________________________________
3. SeF6
________________________________________
4. Si2Br6
________________________________________
5. SCl4
________________________________________
6. CH4
________________________________________
7. B2Si
________________________________________
8. NF3
________________________________________
Cu(OH)2
Cu+2
Copper II
Tin IV
Sn+4
Tin II
Sn+2
Lead II
Pb+2
Chromium III
Cr+3
Chromium II
Cr+2
Iron III
Fe+3
Iron II
Fe+2
Copper I
Nitrate
Hydroxide
CuOH
NO3-1
OH-1
Cu+1
Naming Worksheet
2
Cyanide
CN-1
Sulfate
SO4-2
Carbonate
CO3-2
Phosphate
PO4-3
CuCl2
Cu+2
Copper II
Tin IV
Sn+4
Tin II
Sn+2
Lead II
Pb+2
Chromium III
Cr+3
Chromium II
Cr+2
Iron III
Fe+3
Iron II
Fe+2
Copper I
Bromide
Chloride
CuCl
Br-1
Cl-1
Cu+1
Naming Worksheet
2
Oxide
O-2
Sulfide
S-2
Phosphide
P-3
Nitride
N-3
CHEMISTRY NAME-O
FREE
CHEMICALS
Sodium chloride
Potassium permanganate
Mercury (II) chromate
Magnesium chloride
Calcium hydroxide
Iron (III) sulfide
Zinc acetate
Calcium carbonate
Lead (IV) hydrogen sulfate
Cobalt (III) nitride
Tin (II) nitrate
Sodium perchlorate
Aluminum oxide
Lead (II) sulfate
Ammonium phosphate
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon monoxide
Diphosphorous pentaoxide
Sulfur hexafluoride
Dinitrogen trioxide
Tetraphosphorous decaoxide
Tricarbon hexahydride
Sulfur trioxide
Oxygen dichloride
Carbon dioxide
Iodine monochloride
Carbon disulfide
Nitrogen tribromide
Sulfur triiodide
Selenium dichloride
CHEMISTRY NAME-O
FREE
CHEMICALS
CuCl2
NaCl
AgNO3
FePO4
KMnO4
HgCrO4
PbI2
MgCl2
Ca(OH)2
FeO
Na2SiO3
Fe2S3
NH4OH
ZnC2H3O2
CaCO3
Mn3(PO3)2
Al2(C2O4)3
Pb(HSO4)4
KClO3
CoN3
MgBr2
Sn(NO3)2
NaClO4
Cu2Cr2O4
Mn2(HPO4)3
Al2O3
Sn(CN)4
PbSO4
(NH4)3PO4
CoSe