What is geology:

Before our presentation i am goin to talk about the geoligy.

what is geology?
Geology is the study of the earth (geo = earth, ology = study of). This is a very simple
definition for something so complex. Geology involves studying the materials that make up the
earth, the features and structures found on Earth as well as the processes that act upon them.

In this presentation we are goint to talk about the internal structure of the
earth, specifically we will talk about the core, mantle and crust of the earh.

The crust:
The crust is the area located in the solid Earth's surface position in direct
contact with the atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere.
The earth's crust has two varieties: oceanic crust and continental crust.

Oceanic Crust:
The oceanic crust has a thickness of about 10 km; however, this number
decreases significantly in certain parts of the world, as in the rift valley in the
central area of ocean ridges, where it reaches a value roughly equivalent to O.

In the oceanic crust can distinguish different layers. The sediments

forming the first have a thickness of between 0 and 4 km; the average
velocity of propagation of seismic waves reaches 2 m / s.
Then a strip having metamorphosed basalts 1.5 to 2 km thick is
located; the speed of the waves is at this point of 5 km / s.The third
layer of the oceanic crust formed by metamorphosed gabbro, is about 5
km; in it, the average speed is between 6.7 and 7 m / s. Include the last
part, where the maximum speed (8 km / s) is recorded; It consists of
ultra basic rocks whose thickness is around half a kilometer.

Continental Crust
With an average thickness of 35 km, the continental crust greatly increases the
value below great mountain ranges, can reach up to 60-70 km.

It is split into two main areas: upper and lower surface:

The upper crust has a density average of 2.7 kg / dm3 and in the European
continent, its average thickness is at just over 810 km
The constituent materials are arranged on volcanic sedimentary rocks and
granitic intrusive rocks

The lower crust has metamorphosed rocks whose composition is intermediate

(between granite and diorite or gabbro.); density equivalent to 3 kg / dm3.

The mantle:
The mantle is a layer between the crust and the core.
Earth's mantle is a silicate rocky shell with an average thickness of 2,886 kilometres
(1,793 mi).[2] The mantle makes up about 84% of Earth's volume.[3] It is predominantly solid
The mantle encloses the hot core rich in iron and nickel, which makes up about 15% of Earth's
volume.
Information about structure and composition of the mantle either result from geophysical
investigation or from direct geoscientific
The mantle is divided into sections which are based upon results from seismology. These
layers (and their thicknesses/depths) are the following: the upper mantle (starting at theMoho,
or base of the crust around 7 to 35 km (4.3 to 21.7 mi) downward to 410 km (250 mi)),
[11]
the transition zone (410660 km or 250410 mi), the lower mantle (6602,891 km or 410
1,796 mi)
In the mantle, temperatures range between 500 to 900 C (932 to 1,652 F) at the upper
boundary with the crust; to over 4,000 C (7,230 F) at the boundary with the core

Manto: olivino y piroxeno, elementos= hierro y manganeso

The core
The core of the Earth is its central sphere, the innermost of which form the structure of the
Earth . It is mainly composed of iron , 5-10% of nickel and lower amounts of elements lighter,
perhaps sulfur and oxygen .

It has a radius about 3500 km , larger than the planet Mars and represents 15% of the total
volume of the Earth. The pressure inside it million times the pressure at the surface and the
temperature can exceed 6700 C . It consists ofouter core liquid, and inner
core solid. Formerly known as NiFe because of its wealth of nickel and iron

Seismic data show that the core is divided into two parts, one outer core liquid of about 2270
km thick and inner core solid with a radius of about 1220 km ; both are separated byLehmann
discontinuity .

Outer core [ edit ]

It is believed that the outer core is liquid, its radius is 2250 km and is composed of mixed nickel
and few traces of iron lighter elements. Most scientists believe that convection of the outer
core, combined with the rotation of said core caused by the rotation of the Earth ( Coriolis
effect ), causing the Earth's magnetic field through the process explained by the hypothesis of
the dynamo . [ citation needed ]

Inner core [ edit ]

The solid inner core has a radius which is approx. 1255 km and was discovered in 1936
by Inge Lehmann and is believed to be mainly composed of up to 70% iron, 30% nickel and
others heavy as iridium, lead and titanium metals; some scientists think could be in the form of
a single crystal of iron extremely hard and heavy forming an alloy. Recent speculations suggest
that the innermost part of the core is enriched by heavy elements with atomic numbers above
55, which include gold , mercury and uranium .
The solid inner core is too hot to hold a permanent magnetic field (see Curie temperature ) but
probably acts as a stabilizer of the magnetic field generated by the liquid outer core.

[ citation needed ]

Recent evidence suggests that the inner core of Earth may rotate slightly faster than the rest of
the world. In August 2005 a group of geophysicists announced in the journalScience that
according to his calculations, the inner core of the Earth rotates west to east approximately one
degree per year faster than the rotation of the surface; so the kernel makes an extra rotation
approximately every 400 years.

Geological site
Site, in geology , is a formation in which a statistically abnormal concentration is
present mineral (mineral deposits) present in the earth's crust or lithosphere

A deposit mining is one in which the quality and quantity of minerals warrants further study,
which aims to define quantity, quality, depth and dimension the site in order to develop mining
activities for the exploitation the deposit is economically feasible with current technologies.
Most chemicals natural, even less abundant in the cortex are in considerable
quantities. However, to be removable concentrations occurring only exceptionally, plus
adequate accessibility are needed. Some internal and external geological processes can
produce local economic concentrations of materials such as ores exploitable metals , coal or oil

In chile we can see 2 types of deposits mainly.

Copper deposits in chile:

in the following list, we can see some of the copper mining companies in chile:

gold deposit in chile

in the following list, we can see some of the gold mines in chile: