MES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

KUNNUKARA

HYDRAULIC MACHINES
LABORATORY MANUAL

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Performance characteristics test on Pelton turbine at constant speed

2. Performance characteristics test on Francis turbine at constant speed
3. Performance characteristics of single stage Centrifugal pump
4. Performance characteristics of double acting Reciprocating pump
5. Load test on Pelton turbine
6. Load test on Francis turbine
7. Performance characteristic test on Hydraulic ram.
8. Performance characteristic test on Gear pump.

1.Performance characteristics test on Pelton turbine at constant speed

AIM:

To find the operating characteristics of pelton turbine at constant speed and at constant head&
plot the following graph.
1. Efficiency Vs Output power.
2. Head Vs Output power.
Also calculate specific speed of turbine.
APPARATUS:
(a)Pelton turbine with loading arrangement.
(b)Pumping unit to supply water at required head.
(c)Venturi meter arrangement to measure discharge.
(d)Pressure gauges arrangements.
(e)Tachometer.
PRINCIPLE:
Pelton turbine is an impulse turbine that uses water available at high heads (pressure) for
generation of electricity. All the available potential energy of water is converted into kinetic energy by
a nozzle arrangement. The water leaves the nozzle as a jet and strikes the buckets of the pelton wheel
runner. These buckets are in the shape of double cups, joined at the middle portion in a knife edge.
The jet strikes the knife edge of the buckets with least resistances and shock and glides along the path
of the cup, deflecting through an angle of 160 to 170 deg. This deflection of water causes a change in
momentum of the water jet and hence an impulsive force is supplied to the buckets. As a result, the
runner attached to the buckets moves, rotating the shaft. The specific speed of the pelton wheel varies
from 10 to 100 rpm.
In the test rig the Pelton wheel is supplied with water under high pressure by a centrifugal
pump. The water flows through a venture meter to the Pelton wheel. A gate valve is used to control
the flow rate to the turbine. The venture meter with pressure gauges connected to it is used to
determine the flow rate of water in the pipe. The nozzle opening can be decreased or increased by
operating the spear wheel at the entrance side of turbine.
The turbine is loaded by applying dead weights on the brake drum. This is done by placing
the weights on the weight hanger. The inlet head is read from the pressure gauge. The speed of the
turbine is measured with a tachometer.

PROCEDURE:
Prime the centrifugal if necessary & start the pump after closing the inlet valve of turbine.
Adjust the opening of spear valve & simultaneously regulate the inlet valve for bringing rated
pressure (3Kg/cm2). After bringing the system in steady position take the manometer, gauge reading at
no load. Load the turbine for different weights. Take the pressure gauge and tachometer reading for
each trial. Release the load gradually & simultaneously close the inlet & switch off the pump motor to
stop the turbine.
SAMPLE CALCULATION:
To determine discharge:
Venturimeter meter line pressure gauge reading
Venturimeter throat pressure gauge reading
Pressure difference,

=P1 =
kg/sq.cm
=P2 =
kg/sq.cm
h = (P1-P2) *10 m of water
3

C d a1 a 2 2 gh
2

a1 a 2

Discharge of water in m3/s,

Q=
Where,
Coefficient of discharge of venture meter, C d = 0.96
Inlet area, a1 =3.14*D2/4
Throat area, a2=3.14*B2/4
Inlet dia, D=50mm
Throat dia, B=30mm
To determine head:
Turbine Pressure gauge reading
=P=
kg/sq.cm
Turbine vacuum gauge
=V=
mm of HG
Total head
H = P*10m of water
Input to the turbine;
Input power in KW,
Pi = QH KW
Specific weight of water
=9.81 KN/m3
Turbine output
Brake drum diameter,
d1 = 0.20m
Rope diameter,
d2=0.015m
Equivalent drum diameter,
D=0.20+0.015= 0.215m
Equivalent drum radius
R=D/2
Hanger weight,
Wo = 1kg
Weight added
= W1 =
kg
Spring Load
= W2 =
kg
Resultant load,
W= (W1-W2+Wo) kg
Speed of the turbine,
N = 1000 RPM
Torque developed
T= R*W*9.81 NM
Output power
Po=2NT/(60*1000) KW
Turbine efficiency
=Po/Pi *100

SAMPLE GRAPH

O/P Power

N P
H 5/ 4

Power Output

Power Input

Efficiency

Balance Reading Spring

Torque

m of
H20

Weight Net

Kg/cm

hanger on Weight

P2

Discharge

P1

Inlet Pressure Head

Sl.
No
.

Guage Reading Inlet Pressure

Venture meter
Reading

Specific speed of the turbine Ns =

N = Speed of turbine in rpm.
P = Output power corresponding to max(from graph)
H = Supply head corresponding to maximum efficiency (from graph).

W1

W2

Po

Pi

Kg/cm

m of
H2O

m3/se
c

Kg

Kg

Kg

Nm

kW

KW

RESULT

INFERENCE

2.Performance characteristics test on Francis turbine at constant speed

5

AIM:
To find the operating characteristics curve of Francis turbine at constant speed and plot the
graph.
1) O/P Power Vs efficiency
2) O/P Power Vs Head
APPARATUS:
a)
b)
c)
d)

Turbine fitted with loading arrangement.

Pumping unit to supply water at the required head.
Pressure gauge.
Tachometer.

PRINCIPLE:
The Francis turbine is a reaction turbine, which means that the working fluid changes pressure
as it moves through the turbine, giving up its energy. A casement is needed to contain the water flow.
The turbine is located between the high-pressure water source and the low-pressure water exit, usually
at the base of a dam.
The inlet is spiral shaped. Guide vanes direct the water tangentially to the turbine wheel,
known as a runner. This radial flow acts on the runner's vanes, causing the runner to spin. The guide
vanes (or wicket gate) may be adjustable to allow efficient turbine operation for a range of water flow
conditions.
As the water moves through the runner, its spinning radius decreases, further acting on the
runner. For an analogy, imagine swinging a ball on a string around in a circle; if the string is pulled
short, the ball spins faster due to the conservation of angular momentum. This property, in addition to
the water's pressure, helps Francis and other inward-flow turbines harness water energy efficiently.

PROCEDURE:
Prime the centrifugal pump for supplying pressurised water to turbine. Start the pump after
closing the inlet valve of the turbine. Remove the load in brake drum & open the inlet valve to start
the turbine. Adjust the inlet valve to start the turbine. Adjust the inlet valve for keeping the pressure
rated .The rpm is measured using tachometer. After bringing the system in steady position take the
manometer reading, gauge reading at no load. Load the turbine for different weights. Take tachometer
reading & pressure gauge reading for each load. Release the load gradually simultaneously close the
inlet valve & switch off the pump motor to stop the turbine.

SAMPLE CALCULATION
To determine discharge:
Venturimeter meter line pressure gauge reading
=P1 =
kg/sq.cm
Venturimeter throat pressure gauge reading
=P2=
kg/sq.cm
Pressure difference,
h = (P1-P2) *10 m of water

C d a1 a 2 2 gh
2

a1 a 2
Discharge of water in m3/s,

Q=
6

Where,
Coefficient of discharge of venture meter,
Inlet area, a1 =3.14*D2/4
Throat area, a2=3.14*B2/4
Inlet dia, D=65mm
Throat dia, B=39mm
To determine head:
Turbine Pressure gauge reading
Turbine vacuum gauge
Total head

=P=
=V=

C d = 0.96

kg/sq.cm
mm of HG
H =(P+V/760)*10m of water

Input to the turbine;

Input power in KW,
Specific weight of water

Pi = QH KW
=9.81 KN/m3

Turbine output
Brake drum diameter,
Rope diameter,
Equivalent drum diameter,
Equivalent drum radius
Hanger weight,
Weight added
Spring Load
Resultant load,
Torque developed
Output power
Turbine efficiency

d1 = 0.20m
d2=0.015m
D=0.20+0.015= 0.215m
R=D/2
Wo = 1kg
= W1=
kg
= W2 =
kg
W= (W1-W2+Wo) kg
T= R*W*9.81 NM
Po=2NT/(60*1000) KW
=Po/Pi *100

Sample Graph

O/P Power

P1

Kg/cm
P2

m of
H20
Kg/cm

Inlet Pressure
Guage Reading

Venture meter
Reading

Sl No

hanger on Weight

Weight Net
Torque
Power Output
Power Input
Efficiency

H
Q
W1
W2

W
T
Po
Pi

mm
of
Hg
m of
H2O
m3/se
c
Kg
Kg
Kg
Nm
kW
KW
%

1
1

2
2

3
3

4
4

5
5

Result:

Inference:

Balance Reading Spring

Discharge

Inlet Pressure Head

Reading VaccumGuage

3.PERFORMANCE CHARECTERISTICS OF RECIPROCATING PUMP

AIM
To determine the performance characteristics of the given reciprocating pump-set and plot
the following curves
(i)
Head v/s Overall Efficiency
(ii)
Head v/s Percentage slip
APPARATUS
(a) The given piston pump with delivery and suction pipes.
(b) Pressure and vacuum gauges in delivery and suction sides
(c) Arrangement to measure discharge
(d) Energy-meter connected in the supply line to measure the input power
(e) Stopwatch
PRINCIPLE
In general, a pump may be defined, as a mechanical device which when interposed in
a pipe line, converts mechanical energy supplied to it from some external source into
hydraulic energy thus resulting in the flow of liquid from the lower to the higher
potential/head.
Reciprocating pump has a plunger (piston) which moves to and fro in a closed
cylinder. The cylinder is connected to suction and delivery pipes and fitted with non-return
valves to admit the liquid in one direction only. The suction non-return valve allows the
liquid only to enter the cylinder and the delivery non-return valve allows the liquid only to
escape from the cylinder to the delivery line.
The piston is connected to a crank by means of connecting rod. As the crank is rotated
at uniform speed by a prime mover, the plunger moves to and fro thus creating continuous
flow of liquid.
SAMPLE CALCULATION
Actual Discharge,

Qa=

Ah
3
t m /s

Where,
A= area of collecting tank in m2
t=Time taken for h cm rise of waterin collecting tank in sec
Supply Head,

H=

10( P+

V
)
760 m of water

Where
P=Pressure gauge Reading in Kg/cm2
V=Vacuum gauge Reading in mm of Hg
Output Power,

Po = QaH =
9

KW

Where,
=Specific weight of water = 9.81 KN/m3
Qa = Actual Discharge in m3/s
H = Supply head of water in m
Pi =

Input power,

3600

(m )n
tk
KW

Where

Efficiency,

n =No. of blinking of energy-meter disc.

k =Energy-meter constant in blink/ KWh
t =Time for n blinking of the energy-meter
disc in sec
m =Efficiency of motor
Po
= P i * 100 %

Theoretical Discharge,

Qt =

2 LaN
m3/s
60

Where,
L= stroke length of the piston in m
a =Area of cylinder in m2
N=Speed of crank in rpm

Percentage slip,

S=

Q t Qa
*100%
Qt

Constants
(a) Area of collecting tank = 0.4 x 0.4 m2
(b) Energy-meter constant = 3200 rev/KWh
(c) Stroke length of pump = 50 mm
(d) Cylinder diameter = 40 mm
PROCEDURE
Open the delivery valve for maximum discharge and start the pump. Keep the
delivery valve for maximum discharge and note the time taken for rise of 10cm of water in
the collecting tank. Take the vacuum and pressure gauge readings. Note the time taken for 10
revolutions of the energy-meter disc. Repeat the experiment for different delivery heads by
adjusting the delivery valve. The speed of the crank is noted with the help of tachometer.
After taking the observation, open the delivery valve to the full and switch off the pump.
10

Input power
Output Power
Efficiency
Percentage Slip

m of
water

Theoretical Discharge

mm
of
Hg
Actual discharge

Crank speed

V
Time for n revolution
of energy-meter disc

P
water Time for h cm rise of

Total Head

Vacuum Gauge

Kg/cm
Pressure gauge

Sl.
No

t
T
N
Qa
Qt
Pi
Po

s
s
rpm
m3/
s
m3/s
K
W
KW
%
%

1
2
3
4
5

SAMPLE GRAPH

% slip

Head

RESULT

11

INFERENCE

12

4.CONSTANT SPEED CHARECTERISTICS OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

AIM
To determine the constant speed characteristics of the given centrifugal pump-set and plot the
following curves
(a) Head v/s Discharge
(b) Overall efficiency v/s Discharge
(c) Output power v/s Dischage.
APPARATUS
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

Centrifugal pump fitted with delivery suction pipe

Collecting tank to measure discharge
Pressure and vacuum gauges
Energy-meter connected to the supply line to measure input power
Stopwatch.

PRINCIPLE
The centrifugal pump falls into the category of rotodynamic pumps. In this pumps, the
liquid is made to rotate in a closed chamber (volute casing), thus creating the centrifugal
action which is gradually builds the pressure gradient towards outlet, thus resulting in the
continuous flow. But, their hydraulic heads per stage at lower flow rates is limited, hence not
suitable for very high heads compare to reciprocating pumps of same capacity. But, still in
most cases, this is the only type of pump which is being widely used for agricultural
applications because of its practical suitability.
SAMPLE CALCULATION
Discharge (Q) is determined by,
Discharge, Qa =

Ah
3
t m /s
Where, A- area of collecting tank in m2
t Time taken for h cm rise of water

Output power (Po) is determined by

Output Power, Po = QaH =
KW
Where, Po output power in KW
- Specific weight of water = 9.81kN/m3
Qa Actual Discharge in m3/s
H Supply head of water in m
V
10( P+
)
=
760 m of water
Input power (Pi) is determined by,

13

3600

Input power, Pi =

(m )n
tk
KW

Where, n No. of blinking of energy-meter disc.

K Energy-meter constant in blink/ KWh
t Time for n blinking of the energy-meter
disc in sec
m - Efficiency of motor
Po
Efficiency, = P i *100
Constants
(d) Area of collecting tank = 0.5 x 0.5 m2
(e) Energy-meter constant = 3200 blink/KWh
(f) Efficiency of motor = 80%
PROCEDURE
To start the pump, close the delivery valve and prime the pump. After starting the pump, open
the delivery valve and take the pressure gauge reading, vacuum gauge reading. Also note
down the time required for n revolution of energy-meter disc for a particular discharge. Take
time required for h cm rise of water in the collecting tank. Repeat the experiment for different
discharges. After taking all the observations, close the discharge valve and switch off the
supply to the pump-set.

Efficiency,

water

Output Power, Po

of Hg

m3 /

Input power, Pi

m2

Discharge, Q

m of

Time for n revolution

of energy-meter disc

mm

Time for h cm rise of

Kg/c

water

Total Head

Vacuum Gauge

No

Sl.

Pressure gauge

OBSERVATION COLUMN

KW

KW

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Mean efficiency, =
14

Pi

Discharge

RESULT

INFERENCE

15

Load test on Pelton turbine

AIM:
To conduct load test and to find the operating characteristics of pelton turbine& plot the
following graph.
1. EfficiencyVsOutput power.
2. HeadVsOutput power.
APPARATUS:
(a) Pelton turbine with loading arrangement.
(b)Pumping unit to supply water at required head.
(c)Venturimeter arrangement to measure discharge.
(d) Pressure gauges arrangements.
(e)Tachometer.
PRINCIPLE
To determine discharge:
Venturimeter meter line pressure gauge reading
Venturimeter throat pressure gauge reading
Pressure difference,

=P1 kg/sq.cm
=P2 kg/sq.cm
h = (P1-P2) *10 m of water

C d a1 a 2 2 gh
2

a1 a 2
Discharge of water in m3/s,
Where,
Coefficient of discharge of venture meter,
Inlet area, a1 =3.14*D2/4
Throat area, a2=3.14*B2/4
Inlet dia, D=50mm
Throat dia, B=30mm
To determine head:
Turbine Pressure gauge reading
Total head

Q=
C d = 0.96

= P kg/sq.cm
H = P*10m of water

Input to the turbine;

Input power in KW,
Specific weight of water
Turbine output
Brake drum diameter,
Rope diameter,

Pi =QH KW
=9.81 KN/m3

d1 = 0.20m
d2=0.015m
16

Equivalent drum diameter,

Equivalent drum radius
Hanger weight,
Weight added
Spring Load
Resultant load,
Torque developed
Output power

D=0.20+0.015= 0.215m
R=D/2
Wo = 1kg
= W1g
= W2kg
W= (W1-W2+Wo) kg
T= R*W*9.81 NM
Po=2NT/(60*1000) KW

Turbine efficiency

=Po/Pi *100

PROCEDURE:
Prime the centrifugal if necessary & start the pump after closing the inlet valve of turbine.
Adjust the opening of spear valve & simultaneously regulate the inlet valve for bringing rated
pressure. After bringing the system in steady position take the manometer, gauge reading at no load.
Load the turbine for different weights & make the speed constant. Take the pressure gauge reading for
each trial. Release the load gradually & simultaneously close the inlet & switch off the pump motor to
stop the turbine.

SAMPLE GRAPH

17

Power Input

Efficiency

W2

Power Output

W1

Speed

Torque

Weight Net

Balance Reading Spring

hanger on Weight

Discharge

Inlet Pressure Head

Sl.
N
o.

Guage Reading Inlet Pressure

Venture meter
Reading

O/P Power

Po

Pi

Kg/c
m2

m of
H20

Kg/c
m2

m of
H2O

m3/se
c

Kg

Kg

1
2
3
4
5

RESULT

INFERENCE

18

Kg

Nm

rpm

kW

KW

Load Test on Francis turbine

AIM:
To find the operating characteristics curve of Pelton turbine at constant speed and at constant
head and plot the graph.
3) O/P Power Vs efficiency
4) O/P Power Vs Head
Also calculate the specific speed of the turbine.
APPARATUS:
e) Turbine fitted with loading arrangement.
f) Pumping unit to supply water at the required head.
g) Pressure gauge.
h) Tachometer.
PRINCIPLE:
The Francis turbine is a reaction turbine, which means that the working fluid changes pressure
as it moves through the turbine, giving up its energy. A casement is needed to contain the water flow.
The turbine is located between the high-pressure water source and the low-pressure water exit, usually
at the base of a dam.
The inlet is spiral shaped. Guide vanes direct the water tangentially to the turbine wheel,
known as a runner. This radial flow acts on the runner's vanes, causing the runner to spin. The guide
vanes (or wicket gate) may be adjustable to allow efficient turbine operation for a range of water flow
conditions.
As the water moves through the runner, its spinning radius decreases, further acting on the
runner. For an analogy, imagine swinging a ball on a string around in a circle; if the string is pulled
short, the ball spins faster due to the conservation of angular momentum. This property, in addition to
the water's pressure, helps Francis and other inward-flow turbines harness water energy efficiently.

PROCEDURE:
Prime the centrifugal pump for supplying pressurised water to turbine. Start the pump after
closing the inlet valve of the turbine. Remove the load in brake drum & open the inlet valve to start
the turbine. Adjust the inlet valve to start the turbine. Adjust the inlet valve for keeping the speed of
the turbine constant (2000rpm).The rpm is measured using tachometer. After bringing the system in
steady position take the manometer reading, gauge reading at no load. Load the turbine for different
weights and make the turbine to rotate at rated speed by adjusting the inlet valve. Take tachometer
reading & pressure gauge reading for each load. Release the load gradually simultaneously close the
inlet valve & switch off the pump motor to stop the turbine.
19

SAMPLE CALCULATION
To determine discharge:
Venturimeter meter line pressure gauge reading
Venturimeter throat pressure gauge reading
Pressure difference,

=P1 kg/sq.cm
=P2 kg/sq.cm
h = (P1-P2) *10 m of water

C d a1 a 2 2 gh
2

a1 a 2

Discharge of water in m3/s,

Q=
Where,
Coefficient of discharge of venture meter, C d = 0.96
Inlet area, a1 =3.14*D2/4
Throat area, a2=3.14*B2/4
Inlet dia, D=65mm
Throat dia, B=39mm
To determine head:
Turbine Pressure gauge reading
Turbine vacuum gauge
Total head

= P kg/sq.cm
=V mm of HG
H =(P+V/760)*10m of water

Input to the turbine;

Input power in KW,
Specific weight of water
Turbine output
Brake drum diameter,
Rope diameter,
Equivalent drum diameter,
Equivalent drum radius
Hanger weight,
Weight added
Spring Load
Resultant load,
Torque developed
Output power
Turbine efficiency

Pi =QH KW
=9.81 KN/m3

d1 = 0.20m
d2=0.015m
D=0.20+0.015= 0.215m
R=D/2
Wo = 1kg
= W1g
= W2kg
W= (W1-W2+Wo) kg
T= R*W*9.81 NM
Po=2NT/(60*1000) KW
=Po/Pi *100

Sample Graph

H
20

P1

Kg/cm
P2

Weight Net
Torque
Power Output
Power Input
Efficiency

P
V

H
Q
W1
W2

W
T
Po
Pi

Kg/cm2
mm
of
Hg
m of
H2O
m3/se
c
Kg
Kg
Kg
Nm
kW
KW
%

1
1

2
2

3
3

4
4

5
5

Result:

Inference:

21

Balance Reading Spring

Reading VaccumGuage

hanger on Weight

m of
H20
Discharge

h
Inlet Pressure Head

Inlet Pressure
Guage Reading

Venture meter
Reading

Sl No

O/P Power

Performance Characteristic Test on Hydraulic Ram

Aim
To conduct performance test on hydraulic ram and to find the efficiency
Apparatus
Hydraulic Ram test rig, stop watch, measuring jar.
Principle
Water from a supply tank kept at 2M height falls through a 1-pipe line to the
Hydraulic Ram, through a control valve. A delivery pressure gauge, a waste water -collecting
tank with gauge glass scale fittings, and measuring jar for useful water are provided to
measure the output of the Hydraulic Ram. The ram is mounted on a stand for easy operation.
Continuous water supply to the supply tank is to be provided so as to maintain the head.
The Hydraulic Ram unit consisting of two chambers connected by pipefitting. The
smaller chamber house a drive valve (Ram) and the bigger one a delivery valve with air
cushion. A spindle provided on the Ram for initial starting of the Ram.
When the supply valve is opened waters flows down through the supply pipe and out
through the Ram. When the flow is fast enough the Ram snaps shut sending a powerful water
hammer or pressure wave along the pipe. This force some water through the delivery valve
and the water gets pumped out.
This pressure wave also traverse up the delivery pipe producing slight suction in Ram
and the water goes out through waste water end of the Ram. The whole cycle then repeats
automatically thus a small quantity of total water supplied gets pumped out to a greater
height. The delivery head is measured by a pressure gauge provided.

22

PROCEDURE:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ensure the supply head is maintained constant.

Close the outlet valve provided after the pressure gauge.
Allow the water to flow down to the Ram and through the wastewater end.
Operate the Spindle provided on the Ram up and down till the Ram starts

automatically.
5. Open the outlet delivery valve and measure the water getting pumped using a
measuring jar (q).
6. Collect the wastewater and measure (Q)
7. Measure the supply head (H).
8. Measure the delivery head on the pressure gauge (h) in meters of water column.
Sample Calculation
Time for collecting 1 Litres of water = t sec
Delivery from ram,q

=.001/t m3/sec

Time for 10 cm rise of water

= k sec

Waste water discharge

=A*10/k

Where A= area of collecting tank

Delivery pressure gauge reading

=Pd kg/cm2

Delivery Head,h

= Pd*10 m of water

Supply pressure

=Ps Kg/cm2

Supply Pressure Head, H

=Ps* 10 m of water

The efficiency of the Ram.= q .h / (Q+q) H.

Result

Inference

23

5. Performance characteristic test on Gear pump.

OBJECTIVES:
1. To determine the efficiency
2. Plot the characteristic curves of the given gear pump.
a) Head Vs Discharge
b) Head vs Efficiency
APPARATUS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Gear pump
Collecting Tank
Pressure Gauge
Metre scale
Stop watch
Energy meter
Driving unit

SPECIFICATIONS
Collecting tank dimensions
Length: 0.4 m
Breadth: 0.4 m
Energy meter constant:1600 Imp/KWh
Specific gravity of oil: 0.9
Specific weight of oil (W): 8829 N/m3
Specific gravity of mercury: 13.5
1 Kg/cm2 = 11.11 m of oil.
1 mm of Hg = 0.0151 m of oil.

24

PROCEDURE

Open the delivery valve for maximum discharge and start the pump.
Keep the delivery valve open for maximum discharge and note the time t for the h cm rise
of oil in the measuring tank.
Take the vacuum and pressure gauge reading.
Note the time T for n no. of revolution of the energy meter.
Repeat the experiment for different delivery head ranging from minimum to maximum
discharge by adjusting the delivery valve.
After taking the observations, fully open the delivery valve and switch off the pump set.

SAMPLE CALCULATION:
A Area of the collecting tank (m2)
h Rise of oil level in collecting tank (m)
t Time taken for h cm rise of oil in collecting tank (s)
Hs = Suction head (m)
Hs = Ps x 0.0151 m of oil
Hd = Delivery head (m)
Hd = Pd x 11.11 m of oil
Z = Datum head (m)
Pd = Pressure gauge reading (Kg/cm2)
Ps = Vacuum gauge reading (mm of Hg)
n No.of revolutions of energy meter disc
T Time taken for n no. of revolutions (s)
Emc Energy meter constant
W Specific weight of oil (N/m3)
Qact - Actual discharge (m3/s)
H Total head (m)

25

1. Actual discharge
Ah
t

Qact=

m3/sec

2. Total head
H = HS + Hd + Z
3. Input power
n 3600
T Emc

Pi =

KW

4. Output power
Po = (W x Qactx H)/ 1000

KW

5. Efficiency of the pump

Po
100
Pi

p=

efciency

m of
oil

Input power

Output power

Total head
hs
m
of
oil

Discharge

hs
mm
of
Hg

Time for n
revolution

Kg/cm

hd
m
of
oil

cm rise Time taken for h

hd

Suction head

SL NO

Delivery head

TABULATION

Po

Pi

sec

sec

m3/se
c

KW

KW

RESULT
26

INFERENCE

27