Hyperpituitarism is a condition due to the primary hypersecretion of pituitary h

ormones,[1] it typically results from a pituitary adenoma. Children with hyperpi

tuitarism is rare, disruption of growth regulation, either because of hormone hy
persecretion or because of manifestations caused by local compression of the ade
noma can occur.[2]
Contents [hide]
1
Symptoms
2
Cause
3
Mechanism
4
Diagnosis
5
Treatment
6
See also
7
References
8
Further reading
Symptoms[edit]
Symptoms caused by hormone excess and associated mass effects include:
Hirsutism[3]
Visual field loss or double vision[4]
Excessive sweating[4]
Decreased libido[3]
Lethargy[5]
Headache[5]
Muscle weakness[4]
Bruisability[3]
Cause[edit]
The cause of hyperpituitarism in most cases is due to pituitary adenomas. They u
sually come from the anterior lobe, are functional and secrete the hormone , GH
and prolactin.[6]
Mechanism[edit]
Growth hormone
Evidence indicates that the mechanism of hyperpituitarism can originate from gen
etic disruption causing pituitary tumorigenesis,most pituitary adenomas are mono
clonal, which in turn indicates their origin from an event in a single cell.[2]
There are three hormones that are oversecreted resulting in the pituitary adenom
a: prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and growth hormone (GH).[medic
al citation needed] Excess prolactin may result in a prolactinoma[7] Excess GH r
esults in gigantism,the severity of gigantism depends on whether the epiphyseal
plate is open.[8] The four most common types of hyperpituitarism are prolactinom
a, corticotropinoma (Cushing's disease), somatotropinoma (gigantism), and thyrot
ropinoma .[9]
Diagnosis[edit]
For the diagnosis of hyperpituitarism it depends on the cell type(s) affected, c
linical manifestations of hormone excess may include, gigantism or acromegaly, w
hich can be identified by clinical and radiographic results.[10] Cushing's disea
se diagnosis is done with a physical examination,laboratory tests and X rays of
the pituitary glands (to locate tumors)[11] For prolactinoma, diagnosis comes in
the form of the measurement of serum prolactin levels and x-ray of pituitary gl
and.[12]
Treatment[edit]
Dopamine
Treatment (for hyperpituitarism) in the case of prolactinoma consists of long-te
rm medical management. Dopamine agonists are strong suppressors of PRL secretion
and establish normal gonadal function. It also inhibits tumor cell replication

(in some cases causes tumor shrinkage)[13] Treatment for gigantism begins with e
stablishing target goals for IGF-1,transsphenoidal surgery (somatostatin recepto
r ligands- preoperatively) and postoperative imaging assessment.[14] For Cushing
's disease there is surgery to extract the tumor,after surgery, the gland might
slowly start to work again, though not always.[15]
See also[edit]
Hypopituitarism
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Hyperpituitarism". Freedictionary.com. Farlex. 2015. Retrieved 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Hyperpituitarism at eMedicine
^ Jump up to: a b c Hales, edited by Stuart C. Yudofsky, Robert E. (2007). The A
merican Psychiatric Publishing textbook of neuropsychiatry and behavioral neuros
ciences (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Pub. p. 815. ISBN 978-158562-239-9. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Baumle, [edited by] Lois White, Gena Duncan, Wendy (2013). M
edical-surgical nursing : an integrated approach (3rd ed.). Clifton Park, NY: De
lmar Cengage Learning. p. 595. ISBN 978-1-4354-8802-1. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Prolactinoma". MedlinePlus. NIH. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson; Aster, Jon C. (2014-08-2
7). Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, Professional Edition: Expert
Consult - Online. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 9780323296397.
Jump up ^ "Prolactinoma". NIH. NIH. 2014. Retrieved 2015.
Jump up ^ Gigantism and Acromegaly at eMedicine
Jump up ^ Aguirre, Alfredo (2014). Cellular Endocrinology in Health and Disease.
Elsevier. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-12-408134-5.
Jump up ^ "Acromegaly". NIH. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive, Kidne
y Disease. 2014. Retrieved 2015.
Jump up ^ "Cushing's Syndrome". www.niddk.nih.gov. Retrieved 2015-08-25.
Jump up ^ Laws, Edward; Ezzat, Shereen; Asa, Sylvia; Rio, Linda (2013-02-21). Pi
tuitary Disorders: Diagnosis and Management. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 97811185593
76.
Jump up ^ Hyperpituitarism~treatment at eMedicine
Jump up ^ "National Guideline Clearinghouse | Acromegaly: an Endocrine Society c
linical practice guideline.". www.guideline.gov. Retrieved 2015-08-25.
Jump up ^ MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Cushing disease
Further reading[edit]
Handbook of Medical-surgical Nursing. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2006-01-01.
ISBN 9781582554457.
Atreja, Gaurav; Jain, Nitul; Atreja, ShikhaHanda; Sukhija, Urvashi (2012). "Oral
manifestations in growth hormone disorders". Indian Journal of Endocrinology an
d Metabolism 16 (3): 381 3. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.95678. PMC 3354844. PMID 2262950
3.
Illustrated Manual of Nursing Practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2002-01-0
1. ISBN 9781582550824.