Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Shipping Industry
March 17, 2010
Sebastian Sala
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Concept
Development
R&D Services
Feasibility Studies
Concept Designs
Contract Projects
Planning
Feed
Operations
Support
Feasibility Studies
Safety Assessments
Operation Efficiency
Conversion
Engineering
Training
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International
Aviation
1,9 %
International
Shipping
2,7 %
Domestic
shipping &
fishing
0,6 %
Other Sectors
11,6 %
Main Activity
Electricity and
Heat Production
35,0 %
Transport
21,7 %
Other Energy
Industries
4,6 %
Manufacturing
Industries and
Construction
18,2 %
Unallocated
Autoproducers
3,7 %
450
This study
350
400
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
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Bulk
General Cargo
Container
RoRo
Ropax
/Vehicle
Deep
Ocean
seagoing
ships
Cruise
Regional
ships
Coastwise
Other
50
100
CO
150
200
250
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EEDI =
Emissions
Benefit for the society
Power Specific Consumption Carbon Conversion
EEDI =
EEDI =
Capacity Speed
[gCO2]
[t] [nm]
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AE CO2 emissions
[gCO2/h]
Ship specific
correction factor
Shaft generators
and electric power
generation from
waste heat
[gCO2/h]
[gCO2/h]
[t * nm/h ]
[gCO2]
[tnm]
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Definition of Baselines
IMO GHG WG 2/2/7
SHIP CATEGORIES:
Container Ships (built 1998-2007)
bad ship
4:
3:
1:
5:
STEP 2:
Passenger ships
Gas tankers
standard
deviations
from
the
the baseline
value,
which
can be
regression
line
for the
average
Tankers
Data sample
LRFP
1/1998
12/2007
regression
line
are
removed
calculated
by
using
the following
index
values
Containerships
formula:
RoPax ships
good ship
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EEDI Limitations
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EEDI Conclusions
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EEOI Formula
EEOI
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44.46
---
475.2
967
145
315
108.78
---
0.8
1051.2
1861
341
174
CO2 INDEX
HFO
LNG
MDO Cargo Distance
CO2
Voyage
tonnes (tonnes) (tonnes) unit (n.miles) emission index
25
20
15
10
5
0
59/70 59/71 59/72 59/73 59/74 59/75 59/76 59/77 59/78 59/79 59/80 59/81
VOYAGE NO
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Conclusions on EEOI
Application of the indicator has not been very active in the industry
There are currently not enough incentives for ship owners to go for EEOI
instead of their own key performance indicator systems
Owners are careful with their operational data since they are afraid that it may
be used against them later on
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COVERAGE:
All existing and new ships
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Conclusions on SEEMP
Voluntary IMO measures are not fast track of wider implementation and it
applies also for SEEMP
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1200
1000
Ar.gulf HFO
Ar.gulf MDO
800
$/tonne
NW Europe HFO
NW Europe MDO
US gulf HFO
US gulf MDO
600
SE Asia HFO
SE Asia MDO
400
200
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
1980
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Constantly rising fuel costs and the upcoming rules and regulations on
energy efficiency together with global trend on focusing on energy
efficiency means that energy efficiency is an essential design criteria
for all newbuildings
Based on discussions with our clients, the existing as well as the potential
ones, it can be stated that energy efficiency has been one of the most
essential issues that has been discussed for all newbuilding
projects.
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Environmental Balance
Ships passenger or load profile
Water balance
Fresh and technical water
consumption and production
Waste waters
Solid waste balance
All garbage types
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Deltamarin EEE-process
Newbuildings
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Definition of
requirements
and
KPIs
PRE-CONTRACT
DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING PHASE
COMMISSIONING AND
DELIVERY PHASE
Optimization of
systems and
development of
onboard tools
Verification
Crew training
EEE-process
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Deltamarin EEE-process
Existing Ships
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Step 2
Step 3
Improvement of systems
and ship hull
Modifications requiring
docking
FUEL CONSUMPTION
Improvement of
systems
Minor conversions
during normal
operation
Focus on items with
<2 years pay back
FUEL CONSUMPTION
FUEL CONSUMPTION
FUEL CONSUMPTION
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Step 0 Planning
mid
1st step
improvements
low
short
medium
long
payback time
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Step 3
Step 2
Step 1
THANK
YOU!
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