Linkers and connectors

LINKERS
CONTRAST
Noun Phrase http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/nounphrase.htm

In spite
of / Despite

Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by a noun

phrase.

Although / (
Even)
though

Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by

a sentence.

However / N Introduce a new idea which marks a contrast with

evertheless previously stated ideas. Introduced by a comma.
/ Still / Yet /
Even
so / On the
contrary / In
contrast.
On the one
hand ... On
the other
hand.

Links two contrasting ideas / paragraphs.

In contrast
to / Contrar
y to.

Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by a

noun phrase.

Whereas

Link two contrasting ideas. Not separated by

commas.

REASON AND CAUSE

Noun Phrase http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/nounphrase.htm

Because / As / Since /
Seeing that

Because of / On
account of / Owing
to / Due to

Introduce a sentence.
Subordinate sentences
introduced by because
always appear in final
position.
Introduce a noun
phrase.

Purpose
In order to / So as to

Introduce an infinitive of
purpose.

In order that / So that

Introduce a sentence.

Consequence
Noun Phrase http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/nounphrase.htm

Consequently / As a
result of / Therefore /
As a consequence
of / As a result of
So

Followed by a noun
phrase.

Introduces a sentence.
No commas.

Addition
Noun Phrase http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/nounphrase.htm

Moreover / Furthermore
/ In addition
/ Besides / What's more

Used after a strong

pause and separated
from the sentences.
They are introduced by
a comma.

As well as / In addition
to / Besides

Used to add one more

piece of information.
Followed by a noun
phrase

Examples
For example / For
instance

Such as

Introduces an example
referring to
previously stated ideas.
Introduces an example
referring to the last idea.

CONNECTORS
Contrast
Noun Phrase http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/nounphrase.htm

Followed by a noun
phrase or a sentence.

The book is short but /

yet interesting

in spite of / despite

It is placed at the
beginning or in the
middle of the sentence.

He arrived on time
despite / in spite of
getting up late

although / though/
even though / in spite
of the fact that

: followed by a complete
sentence. They can be
placed at the beginning
or in the middle of the
sentence. If it is placed
at the beginning we
need to use a comma
after the clause.

Although / though / even

though / in spite of the
fact that the pupils had
not studied, they all
passed their exams

but / yet:

however,
nevertheless, even so,
on the one hand, on
the other hand, on the
contrary:
while, whereas

He was quite ill

however/ nevertheless/
even so, he went to
school

This film is very

interesting,
while/whereas that one
is quite boring

Reason and cause

because, as since,
seeing that

Because / as / since / seeing that

its late, we should go home

because of, on
account of, owing to,
due to
in order to, so as to, to

Because of / on account of /
owing to / due to the weather, we
stayed at home
She uses her video in order to /
so as to / to record TV
programmes

Add information
for example, for
instance, such as

Vegetables are a good source of vitamins:

for example / for instance, oranges have
vitamin C

moreover,
furthermore, besides,
in addition to

In addition to soul music, she likes rap

apart from, except for

Apart from English, she speaks French

Succession
- First of all / Firstly / To begin with / First .
- Second / Secondly / Then
- Third / Thirdly / After that...
- The next stage
- Finally / in short / to sum up / in conclusion / lastly / last but not
least

Result

As a result of

As a result of his brave action, he was

awarded a military medal

Therefore, as a result,
consequently, for this
reason

Consequently / for this reason, it always

passes its annual road test

Order
First paragraph
At first sight:
First:
First of all
In the first place
To start with

A primera vista
En primer lugar
Antes que nada
En primer lugar
Para empezar

Second paragraph
In the second place
Second
Secondly
Third
Thirdly

En segundo lugar
Segundo
En segundo lugar
Tercero
En tercer lugar

Conclusion
Finally
In conclusion
Lastly
And eventually

Por ltimo
Para concluir
Por ltimo
Y finalmente

Adding information
apart from
in addition
in addition to
Whats more
moreover
on top of that
besides
On the one hand
On the other hand
and eventually

Aparte de
Adems
Adems de
Adems; lo que es ms
Adems
Adems
Adems
Por una parte
Por otra parte
Y finalmente

Contrast
all the same
however
instead of
in spite of / despite
nevertheless
on the contrary
whereas / while
though / although

a pesar de todo
sin embargo
en vez de
a pesar de
no obstante
por el contrario
Mientras
aunque

Reason
because of + noun
due to + noun
due to the fact that + sentence
for this / that reason:
owing to + noun
owing to the fact that + sentence

a causa de
debido a
debido a que
por esta / esa razn
debido a
debido a que

Result
as a result
because of
consequently
so
that's why
therefore

como resultado
a causa de
en consecuencia
por lo tanto
por eso, por esa razn...
por lo tanto

Expressing facts
actually
as a matter of fact
in fact
really

en realidad
de hecho
de hecho
en realidad

Expressing a personal opinion

as far as I am concerned
from my point of view
I agree
I disagree
in my opinion
in my view
I think that
it is true that
personally
to be honest
to tell the truth

por lo que a m respecta

desde mi punto de vista
estoy de acuerdo
no estoy de acuerdo
en mi opinin
segn lo veo
creo que
es verdad que
personalmente
para ser honesto
a decir verdad

Explain
that is (to say):
in other words
in short
above all
all in all
at least
basically
especially
essentially
in general
in particular
more or less
on the whole
to a certain extent

es decir
en otras palabras
en resumen
sobre todo
en general
al menos
bsicamente, fundamentalmente
especialmente, sobre todo
esencialmente
en general
en particular
ms o menos
en general
hasta cierto punto

Exemplifying
and so on
for example
for instance
such

etctera
por ejemplo
por ejemplo
as tal(es)como

Summarizing
all in all
in brief:
in conclusion:
in short
on the whole:
to sum up
Sequencing
after that:
all of a sudden:
Finally:
First of all:
in the end:
in the meantime:
meanwhile:
next:
suddenly:
then:
while:

en suma
en resumen
Para concluir
en resumen
en general
Para resumir

despus de eso
de repente
Finalmente
En primer lugar
al final
mientras tanto
mientras tanto
Luego
de repente
entonces, despus
mientras