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Drying and shrinking surface water bodies : the dying of the Hutou River
become more severe and it becomes completely seasonal.
Over exploited and exhausted groundwater : less surface water is
available, large amounts of groundwater are extracted for irrigation.
Water pollution : pollution of surface water and groundwater due to the
large quantities of wastewater that drained into dried river.
Extensive water management and low water used efficiency : due to out of
date water used method and extensive management (less irrigation
schedule)
The annual precipitation was decrease from the year to the year. Rapid urban
and industrial development and extension of irrigated farmland have doubled
the water demand cause by over use of surface water resources and
excessive exploitation of groundwater. The groundwater of this place are
recharged from three source :
1) From direct rainfall infiltration
2) From infiltration of surface water (rivers)
3) Through the inflow from older rocks surrounding
OVERCOME
water resources of Shijiazhuang has over exploitation, improper utilization and
poor management. The ground water table level has fallen greatly due to the
human activities. The recharge area become a discharge area from which much
of the groundwater was used for municipal and industrial use. With the
urbanization of Shijiazhuang, the quantities of wastewater were disposed of from
the city and used as an alternative source of water and fertilizer for agricultural
irrigation. Waste water irrigation practices made an obvious recharge to the local
groundwater. Besides that, the infiltration of rainfall and stream water used to be
of the greatest importance for groundwater recharge. The penetration of water
to depth occurred most readily on areas of outcropping piedmont alluvial fans.
The thin cover of the semi-permeable subseries sediments had no definite
hindering effect of infiltration and suggesting that recharge to the groundwater
may occur along the river banks. The long term water resource exploitation has
changed the water cycle structure in the Shijiazhuang. Tritium values suggest
that the river is the most important recharge line, but little water has recharged
to groundwater since the river dried-up. At the same time, more and more
groundwater is pumped for irrigation and dispersed from the local water system
through evapotranspiration. Therefore, both recharge and discharge conditions
for the groundwater flow system in that area have changed greatly. Efficient
water use plan and water management are needed to mitigate the deteriorating
water resources system. It is a great challenge to maintain a balanced water use
budget in this region.
REFFERENCES
1) http://hydro.sjziam.ac.cn/resources/Effects%20of%20urbanization%20on
%20water%20resources%20development%20and%20its%20problems
%20in%20Shijiazhuang,%20China.pdf
2) http://iahs.info/uploads/dms/14127.38-261-268-29-XIAO.pdf
3) http://www.atlantis-press.com/php/download_paper.php?id=20569.