3.

4 Manufacturing
Manufacturing engineering and design engineering has become much more integrated in recent development
programs. During Vinci development manufacturing engineering was evolved from the very beginning and the
Vinci engine was to a large extent optimized with respect to manufacturing limits and capabilities.
Lessons learned from previous projects have lead to optimizing use of CAD models by building the models as
manufactured and hereby maximizing the use of the models and minimizing sources for errors.

3.5 Testing
The subsystem and engine testing is of course the final verification of the function even if the analytical tools have
developed rapidly the last decades. Below is some lesson learned from the testing activities for different generation
of turbine development:
1:st generation
- A significant amount of material testing in hydrogen was performed.
- Turbine component testing.
- TP and Engine testing with limited instrumentation.
2:nd generation
- Less component and material testing.
- Focus on TP and Engine testing.
3:rd generation
- Dedicated turbine component testing.
- Focus on Engine level testing.
- Air testing in combination with analytical tools for performance validation

Conclusion
Two generations of impulse type turbines for ELV flight qualified.
Third generation has been conceptually developed and is in demonstration program.
First generation of turbines for upper stage expander cycle engine are designed, manufactured and tested.
A persistent development of manufacturing processes leading to patents.
Continuous improvements on design and manufacturing processes based on feed back from current development
programs
More than twenty years of continuous turbo pump turbine developments has created orderly processes and an up to
speed team.

6
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Acknowledgments
The Swedish National Space Board and the European Space Agency supported this work.
The work on the oxygen TP turbine development was performed under contract with Avio in the frame of the
development of the Vulcain, Vulcain 2 and Vinci engines, SNECMA is the prime contractor under contracts of
CNES/ESA.
The work on the fuel TP turbine development was performed under contract with SNECMA in the frame of the
development of the Vulcain, Vulcain 2 and Vinci engines, SNECMA as prime contractor under contracts of
CNES/ESA.
The authors would like to thank their colleagues at Volvo and the complete team of the participating companies for
their contribution in the design of the turbines and support in preparing this paper.

References
1)

Development of a supersonic turbine stage for the HM60 engine, AIAA-84-1464, Lars Eriksson

2)

Development of the HM -60-Vulcain Turbines, IAF-90-240, Lars-Gunnar Larsson and Jan Hggander

3)

The Aerodynamic Design of the Turbines for the Vulcain Rocket Engines, AIAA-95-2536, Ulf Whlen.

4)

Lessons learned during the development of the Vulcain turbines, AIAA-95-2404, G. Marke and P. Widstrm.

5)

Andersson, S., Lindeblad M, Whlen U. Performance test results for the Vulcain 2 supersonic/transonic turbine,
AIAA 98-3999.

6)

Aerodynamic Design and Development of a two- stage supersonic Turbine for Rocket Engines, AIAA-99-2192. S.
Andersson and S. Trollheden.

7)

Development of the Turbines for the Vulcain 2 Turbopumps, AIAA-99-2342, S. Trollheden, B. Bergenlid, A. Aglund
and A.I. Pettersson.

8)

Development of the hydrogen and oxygen pump turbines for the Vinci engine, AIAA-2002-4331, R. Johnsson, S.
Brodin, P. Ekedahl, L. Helmers, J. Hgstrm.

9)

Turbine Design and Performance at large Tip Clearance of Unshrouded Rotor Cascades, AIAA-2003-4766, L.
Helmers, J. Steen, I. Ljungkrona, S. Brodin, R. Johnsson.

10) Modelling Turbine Performance at large tip clearance of unshrouded rotor cascades, AIAA-2003-4767, L.Helmers, R.
Johnsson, S. Trollheden

7
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics