Applications for Ideal Gas Laws

BOYLES LAW
Aerosol Cans
An aerosol can contains one fluid that boils well below room temperature (called the
propellant) and one that boils at a much higher temperature (called the product). The
product is the substance that is actually used -- the hair spray or insect repellent, for example
-- and the propellant is the means of getting the product out of the can. Both fluids are
stored in a sealed metal can.
There are two ways to configure this aerosol system. In the simpler design, you pour in the
liquid product, seal the can, and then pump a gaseous propellant through the valve system.
The gas is pumped in at high-pressure, so it pushes down on the liquid product with a large
amount of force.
In this can, a long plastic tube runs from the
bottom of the can up to a valve system at the top
of the can. It has a small, depressible head piece,
with a narrow channel running through it. The
channel runs from an inlet near the bottom of the
head piece to a small nozzle at the top.
A spring pushes the head piece up, so the channel
inlet is blocked by a tight seal.

When you push the head piece down, the inlet

slides below the seal, opening a passage from the
inside of the can to the outside. The high-pressure
propellant gas drives the liquid product up the
plastic tube and out through the nozzle. The
narrow nozzle serves to atomize the flowing liquid
-- break it up into tiny drops, which form a fine
spray.

 The Syringe
Syringes of all types utilize Boyle's law on a very basic level.
When you pull the plunger out on a syringe, it causes the volume within the chamber to
increase. As we know, this causes the pressure to do the opposite, which then creates a
vacuum attempting to re-pressurize back to atmospheric levels. Since the only fluid available
on the other side of the needle tends to be a liquid such as blood, which gets sucked into the
chamber. This then reduces the volume and increases the pressure back to where it wants to
be.

CHARLES LAW

Turkey Syringe Thermometer

As the turkey heats up, the gas trapped at the bottom of
the plunger increases in volume, thus expanding to such a
volume that it hits the spring, popping off the top of the
plunger. This occurs because the temperature, or kinetic
energy, increases, which causes the overall kinetic energy
of the gas particles to increase, forcing the particles to hit
the wall of its container and increase its volume.

 Hot Air Balloon

To keep the balloon rising, you need a way to reheat
the air. Hot air balloons do this with a burner
positioned under an open balloon envelope. As the air
in the balloon cools, the pilot can reheat it by firing the
burner.
Modern hot air balloons heat the air by burning
propane. The propane is stored in compressed liquid
form, in lightweight cylinders positioned in the balloon
basket.
Because the propane is highly compressed in the
cylinders, it flows quickly through the hoses to the
heating coil. When the balloonist starts up the burner,
the propane flows out in liquid form and is ignited by
a pilot light. As the flame burns, it heats up the metal
in the surrounding tubing. When the tubing becomes
hot, it heats the propane flowing through it. This changes the propane from a liquid to a gas,
before it is ignited. This gas makes for a more powerful flame.
As the air inside the balloon is heated, its volume
increases. The density of the air decreases as the air
inside the balloon is heated; it expands, resulting in
an increase in density of the air inside the balloon.
The density of hot air is less than of cold air. So a hot
air balloon rises because it is filled with hot, less
dense air and is surrounded by colder, denser air.

PRESSURE LAW
Bullets
Bullets and cannons are based on these principles: gas super-heated by the burning of gun
powder is trapped behind the bullet and expands until the bullet leaves the barrel.

 Flow of Air from Oven

Someone opening an oven may feel a quick flow of hot air; the air inside the oven is heated,
therefore pressurized. The same is true when heating food in closed containers; often, a
container will open to release the pressure. If it does not, opening the container will quickly
release all the pent-up pressure, which can be very dangerous because the gases inside the hot
container may be super-heated.

Heating a closed aerosol can.

The increased pressure may cause the container to explode. This is the reason there are warning
labels to not throw empty can in fire.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. http://www.scienceclarified.com/everyday/Real-Life-Physics-Vol-2/Gas-Laws-Real-lifeapplications.html
2. http://www.explainthatstuff.com/aerosolcans.html
3. http://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/everyday-innovations/aerosol-can2.htm
4. http://hubpages.com/education/Examples-of-Boyles-Law
5. http://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/flight/modern/hot-air-balloon4.htm
6. http://chemteacher.chemeddl.org/services/chemteacher/index.php?option=com_content&v
iew=article&id=8
7. http://socratic.org/questions/what-is-a-real-life-application-that-demonstrates-gay-lussac-sgas-law
8. http://applicationofgaslaw.blogspot.ae/
9. http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/gases/faq/everyday-gas-laws.shtml
10. https://prezi.com/rxlp-xhj66us/ideal-gases-in-the-real-world/

Applications for Specific Heat Capacity

Water as a cooling agent
Water has a high specific heat capacity and is low on cost, and is very effective when acting as a
cooling agent in engines. A water pump circulates the water around the engine, and the heat
produced by the engine is absorbed by the water. That hot water that circulates around the
engine walls is then forced into the cars radiator where the heat from the water is released
through the cooling fan.
4

Engine Parts
Engine parts constantly expand and contract due to the fluctuation in heat within the engine.
That is why it is imperative that metals with similar specific heat capacities are put together,
because if one metal heats up faster than the other and theyre connected, and one expands
faster than the other, then cracking and splitting may occur.

Materials used as Heat Insulators

Materials that have lower specific heat capacities are prone to gaining more heat, or heat up
quicker even if a smaller amount of energy (heat) is applied to that material. These materials are
very useful for cooking appliances such as frypans, pots and heating elements of kettles. Even
though the heating element of a kettle has a low specific heat capacity, the outer casing of the
kettle would have to have a higher specific heat capacity so that you dont burn your hand.
In a cooking pot, it would generally have a copper base, which has low specific heat capacity to
absorb the heat. It is also very stable so that the pot wont topple over. Wood is often used as
the handles of the pot due to woods low conductivity of heat.

Car radiator
Water is pumped through the channels in the engine block to absorb heat. It is used as the
cooling agent due to its high specific heat capacity. The hot water flows to the radiator and is
cooled by the air flows through the fins of the radiator. The cool water flows back to the engine
again to capture more heat and this cycle is repeated continuously.

Sea Breeze
Land has lower heat capacity than sea water. Therefore, in day time, the temperature of the land
increases faster than the sea. Hot air (lower density) above the land rises. Cooler air from the sea
flows towards land and hence produces sea breeze.

Land Breeze
Land has lower heat capacity than sea water. During night time, the temperature of the land
drops faster than the sea. Hot air (lower density) above the sea rises. Cooler air from the land
blows towards sea and hence produces land breeze.

Waters High Specific Capacity in Nature

The resistance to sudden temperature changes makes water an excellent habitat, allowing
organisms to survive without experiencing wide temperature fluctuation.
Furthermore, because many organisms are mainly composed of water, the property of high heat
capacity allows highly regulated internal body temperatures. For example, the temperature of
your body does not drastically drop to the same temperature as the outside temperature while
you are skiing or playing in the snow. Due to its high heat capacity, water is used by warm
blooded animals to more evenly disperse heat in their bodies.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. https://www.scribd.com/doc/139539080/Real-World-Context-of-Specific-Heat-Capacity
2. http://www.oneschool.net/Malaysia/UniversityandCollege/SPM/revisioncard/physics/heat/heatcapacitya
pplication.html
3. http://fiziknota.blogspot.ae/2008/06/application-of-specific-heat-capacity.html
4. http://socratic.org/questions/what-are-the-applications-of-specific-heat-in-our-daily-life
5. http://wiki.chemprime.chemeddl.org/index.php/Cooking_Efficiencies_of_Pots_and_Pans
6. https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/thechemical-foundation-of-life-2/water-51/water-s-high-heat-capacity-283-11416/