CHANGE IN

ORGANIZATIONS

Session 1
Unit 4
 Change in organization
 understanding change
 Factors influencing change

 Forced field analysis

 Managing Resistance to change

 Developing Change agents

 Analyzing and Organizing work – Need Approaches

 Problems associated with work organization

Unit 1
 Organization Development :
 definition,
characteristics and underlying assumptions
and values of OD
 Assumptions about people

 Organizational Diagnosis Tools and techniques :

 questionnaire
 Interview
 Workshops
 task forces.
Unit 2
 Nature of OD interventions :
 Comprehensive intervention
 confrontationmeeting
 survey feed back

 Grid OD

 Structural Intervention
 JobDesign, Quality Circles, Socio technical systems,
MBO & appraisal Parallel learning organizations
 Team interventions – Role Negotiation Techniques.
Unit 4
 Characteristics of High performance teams
 Self managed team
 Work culture and ethics
 Quality of work life
 Developing and managing self-personal
effectiveness.
Prelude
 “ It is not the strongest of the species that survive, nor the most
intelligent, but the one most responsive to change.”
- Charles Darwin 1809-1882

 “ People don't resist change. They resist being changed!”

- Peter Senge

 "Everybody has accepted by now that change is unavoidable. But that

still implies that change is like death and taxes — it should be
postponed as long as possible and no change would be vastly
preferable. But in a period of upheaval, such as the one we are living
in, change is the norm."
- Peter Drucker

 "If you want to make enemies, try to change something."

- Woodrow Wilson
Contemporary Change in Practice

Technological Explosion Information Highway

e.g. Biometrics, e.g. Internet, telecom
mobile/internet banking networks

Change
Management

Total Quality Learning Organization

Management Competency
Customer centricity development, training
 Live Business Examples
In 2004, Toyota showcased its trumpet playing
robot. Toyota has been developing multitask
robots destined for elderly care, manufacturing,
and entertainment.

In January 2005, Wal-Mart

required its top 100 suppliers to
apply RFID labels to all shipments.

An RFID tag used for

electronic toll collection.
Definition
 Change is the coping process of moving from the
present state to a desired state that individuals,
groups and organizations undertake in response to
dynamic internal and external factors that alter
current realities.
 E.g.
 Computerization of public sector banks
 Online reservation system for Indian Railways
Imperative of Change
Forces of change - External

 Political – Gulf war, reunion of Germany

 Economic – Global recession

 Technological – internet, telecom

 Government – deregulation, protectionism

 Global Competition

 Changing customer needs and preferences

Forces of change - Internal
 System Dynamics: internal politics, power attribution
 Inadequacy of administrative processes
 Individual or group speculation
 Structure forced changes
 Technological changes
 Person focused changes
 Profitability issue
 Resource constraint
Some determining factors of change

PLANNED UNPLANNED

INTERNAL
INTERNAL INTERNAL PLANNED UNPLANNED
CHANGE CHANGE

EXTERNAL
EXTERNAL EXTERNAL PLANNED UNPLANNED
CHANGE CHANGE
Planned Change
INTERNAL CHANGE EXTERNAL CHANGE

Changes in Products/Services Introduction of new technology

Change in Administrative Advances in information

System processing and communication

Change in Organizational Size

& Structure (e.g. Outsourcing,
downsizing)
Unplanned Changes

INTERNAL EXTERNAL

Changing Employee Government Regulations

Demographics

Performance Gaps Economic competition

Types of Change
Type Features

Reactive Change In response to an event e.g. automation in response to the

demand
Anticipatory Change In expectation of an event e.g. investment in BRIC nations

Strategic Change Change applied to the organization as a whole e.g. Bajaj

foray into motor bikes
Transformational Involves the greater part or whole of the organization.
Change e.g. change in size/complexity
Fundamental Change Redefinition of current purpose or mission

Directional Change Occurs under condition of severe competition, regulatory

shift in government policy, or unsuccessful business strategy
Happened Change Unpredictable and takes place due to external factors
e.g. currency devaluation