07 Rr410404 Optical Communication

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Code No: RR410404 Set No. 1

IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
OPTICAL COMMUNICATION
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics &
Telematics)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) List out the advantages and disadvantages of optical fiber communication.
[5+3]
(b) Distinguish between optical fiber communication system and conventional
communication system. [4+4]
2. Write short notes on
(a) Propagation modes in a single mode step index fiber.

(b) Graded index fiber structure with relevant expressions. [8+8]
3. (a) Explain material dispersion, waveguide dispersion & find an expression for ma-
terial & waveguide dispersions using electromagnetic field theory. [3+3+2+2]
(b) An LED operating at 850 nm has a spectral width of 45nm. What is the pulse
spreading in ns/ Km due to material dispersion. [6]
4. (a) With respect to LED what is internal quantum efficiency and derive the ex-
pression for the lifetime reduction caused by interfacial recombination. [3+5]
(b) If the radiative and non radiative recombination lifetimes of the minority car-
riers in the active region of an LED are 1ns and 100ns, respectively, find the
internal quantum efficiency and the bulk recombination lifetime in the absence
of self absorption and recombination at the heterojuntion. [4+4]
5. (a) With schematic representation explain the working principle of pin photo de-
tector and obtain the expression for cutoff wavelength. [2+6+2]
(b) An APD with multiplication factor of 20 operates at a wavelength of 1.5µm.
Calculate the quantum efficiency and the output photo current from the device
if its responsivity at this wavelength is 0.6A/W and 1010 photons of wavelength
1.5µm are incident upon it per second. [3+3]
6. A high input impedance type of preamplifier is used in an optical receiver having

the bias resistance of 3MΩ estimate,
(a) Maximum Bandwidth that can be achieved without equalization if the total
capacitance is 5pf.
(b) The mean square thermal noise current generated by the impedance
RT L (parallel combination of two 3MΩ when the operating temperature is
270 C for unity bandwidth). [8+8]
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7. (a) Discuss system considerations in point -point optical link. [8]
(b) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of using WDM in an optical fiber
8. (a) What is splicing? Explain about fusion splicing? [2+8]

(b) An optical fiber has a core refractive index of 1.5. Two lengths of the fiber with
smooth and perpendicular to the core axes end faces area butted together.
Assuming the fiber axes are perfectly aligned, calculate the optical loss in
decibels at the joint (due to Fresnel reflection) when there is a small air gap
between the fiber end faces. [6]
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1. (a) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of guided optical communication

lines with that of Microwave systems. [5+3]
(b) What are the various elements of an optical communication system? Explain
each element in brief. [2+6]
2. (a) An optical fiber has a NA of 0.20 and a cladding refractive index of 1.59.
Determine
i. The acceptance angle for the fiber in water which has a refractive index
of 1.33.
ii. Critical angle at the core cladding interface. [4+4]
(b) Explain the equations used and also comment on the assumptions made about
the fiber. [8]
3. (a) Compare the optical parameters of free space with dispersive & non dispersive
mediums. [4+4]
(b) List the differences between intramodal & intermodal dispersions. [4+4]
5. (a) Draw the schematic of Fabry Perot Resonator Cavity for a laser diode and
explain how the optical radiations are generated. [3+7]
(b) Draw the LASER diode characteristics. [6]
6. (a) Describe with relevant diagram about the signal path through optical data link
via transmitter,fiber and receiver giving the nature of the signal waveform.
[10]
(b) What is a bit period? The bit frequency of the link is 107 Hz.On the average
and one error is encountered in a second, find the value of BER (Bit Error
Rate). [2+4]
7. (a) Discuss about the Point to Point Fiber Optic Link and its characteristics with
an example? [5+3]
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(b) Explain about the frequency chirping and its effects. [5+3]
8. (a) Discuss with the aid of suitable diagram the measurement of dispersion in
optical fibers using frequency domain measurement technique with pulsed laser
source. [3+5]
(b) Describe what is meant by equilibrium mode distribution and cladding mode
stripping with regard to transmission measurements in optical fibers. [4+4]
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Telematics)
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1. (a) Differentiate between the optical fibers and the conventional coaxial cables.
[4+4]
(b) List the applications and advantages of optical fibers. [3+5]
2. (a) Explain group delay and mode delay factor with reference to single mode fibers
showing the relevant graph. [4+4]
(b) A multimode step index fiber has a relative refractive index difference of 1%
and a core refractive index of 1.5. The number of modes operating at a
wavelength of 1.3µ meter is 1100. Estimate the diameter of the fiber core?[8]
3. (a) Explain in detail about the chromatic dispersion in the fiber & derive the
expression for the phase velocity, group velocity using electric field distribution
along the fiber. [2+6]
(b) For the fiber it is given that , at λ=800 nm, λ2 (d2 n1 /dλ2 )=0.015.The R.M.S
spectral width of the light sources is 40nm at this wavelength. Determine
i. Material dispersion parameter
ii. R.M.S pulse broadening/km due to material dispersion [4+4]
5. (a) Draw the responsivity and quantum efficiency curve as a function of wave-
length for pin photodiodes constructed of different materials and give comment
on it. [3+4]
(b) A pin photodiode on average generates one electron hole pair per incident
photons at a wavelength of 0.8µm. Assuming all the electrons are collected,
Calculate
i. the quantum efficiency of the device
ii. its maximum possible band gap energy
iii. the mean output photocurrent when the received optical power is 10−7 W
[3+3+3]
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6. (a) What are the requirements of an optical receiver? Using a flow chart explain
the receiver design. [4+4]
(b) Derive an expression for receiver sensitivity. [8]

8. (a) Explain about Adhesive splicing?
(b) Explain about Multiple splices? [8+8]
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Telematics)
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1. (a) Bring out a brief historical development of optical fiber communication. [6]
(b) Draw the block schematic of a general communication system and explain
about each block. [4+6]
2. (a) Explain field distribution for lower order modes in a symmetrical wave guide
(b) Explain mode theory for circular wave guides. [6+10]
3. (a) Explain in brief Rayleigh scattering mechanisms. What are the two important
factors on which the scattering of glass depends? [5+3]
(b) Derive the equation for the Rayleigh scattering component and attenuation in
dB/Km due to fundamental Rayleigh scattering in SiO2 . [8]
5. (a) What are the requirement of photo detector and why photodiode is preferred
in fiber optic communication systems? [4+4]
(b) Outline the reasons for the adoption of the materials and devices used for
photo-detection in optical fiber communications. [8]
6. A high input impedance type of preamplifier is used in an optical receiver having

the bias resistance of 3MΩ estimate,
(a) Maximum Bandwidth that can be achieved without equalization if the total
capacitance is 5pf.
(b) The mean square thermal noise current generated by the impedance
RT L (parallel combination of two 3MΩ when the operating temperature is
270 C for unity bandwidth). [8+8]

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8. (a) Explain intermodal and intramodal dispersion. [4+4]
(b) Compare and contrast the measurement of dispersion using time domain and
frequency domain measurement technique [4+4]
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07 Rr410404 Optical Communication

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com The Complete Information About Colleges in Andhra Pradesh

Code No: RR410404 Set No. 1

2. Write short notes on

(a) Propagation modes in a single mode step index fiber.

6. A high input impedance type of preamplifier is used in an optical receiver having

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Code No: RR410404 Set No. 1

8. (a) What is splicing? Explain about fusion splicing? [2+8]

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Code No: RR410404 Set No. 2

1. (a) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of guided optical communication

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Code No: RR410404 Set No. 2

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Code No: RR410404 Set No. 3

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Code No: RR410404 Set No. 3

7. (a) Discuss system considerations in point -point optical link. [8]

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Code No: RR410404 Set No. 4

6. A high input impedance type of preamplifier is used in an optical receiver having

7. (a) Discuss system considerations in point -point optical link. [8]

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Code No: RR410404 Set No. 4

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