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White spaces refer to the frequencies allocated to a broadcasting service but not
used locally.
The change of infrared to digital television has freed the ranges of 50MHz to 700
MHz in most areas.
Full power analog television broadcasts, which operated between the 54 MHz and
806 MHz (5472, 7688, 174216, 470608, and 614806){ "FCC Rules and
Regulations Pt2" (PDF).} television frequencies (Channels 2-69), ceased operating
on June 12, 2009 per a United States digital switchover mandate.
Google sponsored a campaign named Free the Airwaves with the purpose of
switching over the white spaces that were cleared up in 2009 by the DTV conversion
process by the FCC and converted to an un-licensed spectrum that can be used by
Wi-Fi-like devices. { http://www.freetheairwaves.com/} The National Association of
Broadcasters disapproved of the project because they claimed it would reduce the
broadcast quality of their TV signals.{ Marguerite Reardon (August 18,
2008). "Debate rages over free wireless spectrum". Wireless CNET
News(News.cnet.com). Retrieved May 23, 2013.}
Ofcom, the licencing body of spectrum in the UK has made white-space free to use.
{ http://consumers.ofcom.org.uk/2011/09/ofcom-progresses-with-new-wirelesstechnology/}
In August 2011, Industry Canada, the Canadian ministry for industry, launched a
consultation on "Consultation on a Policy and Technical Framework for the Use of
Non-Broadcasting Applications in the Television Broadcasting Bands Below
698 MHz"{ (pdf)} The consultation closed on November 4, 2011. Submissions
were received from a wide range of organizations from the telecoms and broadcast
industries.
IEEE 802.22 is the standard for wireless regional area network (WRAN) for using
white spaces in the television frequency spectrum.
IEEE 802.22 WRAN standard is aimed at using cognitive radio techniques to allow
sharing of geographically unused spectrums allocated to the television broadcasting
service.
IEEE P802.22.1 is a related standard being developed to enhance harmful
interference protection for low power licensed devices operating in TV Broadcast
Bands. IEEE P802.22.2 is a recommended practice for the installation and
deployment of IEEE 802.22 Systems.{ "IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee