Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
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Communication
Nornabila Md Nor
Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka(UTeM)
Hang Tuah Jaya,76100 Durian Tunggal,Melaka,Malaysia
nabila.nor89@gmail.com
I. INTRODUCTION
The IEEE standard C band used as references. The Low
Noise Amplifier (LNA) design should meet this requirement
and should operate properly for downlink satellite
communication [1].The main complexity of the LNA is to
obtain the minimum noise figure (NF) with reasonable gain.
To design LNA there are consist of three stages; the input
matching network, the transistor (amplifier itself) and the
output matching network [2].At the earth station, the
instrument consist of dish antenna at transmitter carries high
frequency 6GHz meanwhile the receiver carries 4GHz of
micro wave signals [3].The received signal might be very
weak and the Low Noise Amplifier used to amplify the signal
without injects much noise from the Low Noise Amplifier
itself. This paper presents single stage of LNA at 4GHz.The
circuit design starts from ATF 54143 Low Noise
Enhancement Mode Pseudomorphic HEMT from Avago
Technologies using the microstrip technology. The
combination such as high linearity, high gain and low noise
figure are the important features in satellite downlink
communication that must be considered [9].
Fig. 1.
A. LNA specifications
The design specifications for the low noise amplifier were
as follows. The design specification is set to ensure our LNA
design achieve the goals.
a) Gain > 10 dB
b) Noise Figure < 2 dB
c) Input Return Loss <-10dB
d) Output Return Loss <-10dB
e) Matching-single stub
The active device, ATF54143, is described in the ADS design
flow as a two-port network in the form of the Touchstone
format file (*.s2p). S-parameters and noise parameters of the
active device are included in this file and are used for noise
and power gain matching as well as for stability analysis of the
LNA.
FR4
0.019
4.6mm
1.6
0.025
B1 1 S11 S 22 0.9629
(1)
B2 1 S 22 S11 0.3242
(2)
C. Stability Analysis
Test for unconditionally stability by using Rollets
Condition. This stability required to understand the transistor
condition thus to avoid this amplifier oscillate.
C1 S11 S * 22
(3)
0.4807143.4
(1)
C 2 S 22 S *11
0.1598 135.97
=0.597<-124.14 <1
B1 B1 4 C1
2
(2)
(4)
(5)
2C1
B2 B2 4 C 2
2
(6)
2C 2
1.1846135.97 or 0.8442135.97
L and S should be less than 1. The chosen value is:
(7)
(8)
The FR4 that will be used is having dielectric constant, r
value of 4.6 and thickness, d of 1.6 mm. Equation 9 to
Equation 12 showed microstrip formula.
Fig.2. Stability
Z 0 r 1 r 1
0.11
0.23
1.5299 2
60
2
r 1
r
(9)
W
8e A
, W=2.66064mm
2A
d e 2
r 1 r 1
1
3.4279 (11)
2
2
1 12d W
C
g
0.0405m
(12)
f e
e
From the value of g that was found, the value of length, l and
distance, d of the stubs can be determines. The values are:
For source,
For load,
Fig. 4 . Schematic of the LNA with microstrip line input and output
matching networks
Features
S11
S12
S21
S22
Noise Figure
Before
Matching
-3.635dB
-18.636dB
10.764dB
-9.447dB
0.720dB
After
Matching
-12.522dB
-18.288 dB
11.112 dB
-10.026
1.182 dB
(b)
Fig. 6. S12 (isolation) and S21 (gain) simulation results
Fig.8. LNA with microstrip Input and matching network a) layout, and (b)
prototypes LNA
IV.DISCUSSION
(a)