L

Fluid Lines f,nd Fittings

i.

Imp<'trta,nceof lvLuid Lines in ,4ircraft:

l.s aircrafc become rnore versat,ileand more effective, lhey alsiobecorne rnore sophis;ticaLed.Many
of to<lay's airpla:nes have hydrauiic la:nding 5;ear
tl:al ;:equire [housands of pou:rds of iorce tc retract. They have boc,sterlflight controis requiring
hydr:Luiic fluid unde,r high nressure to be car:ied
ihroughcul .bhe airr:rafL, and the fuel syst{tms
through'whi<,h the huge quantities of fuei flors to
the engirres erre built; up of ,3om.ple,.<
iines, val'res,
and fittirrgs
T'he p,lunrbing used L,ocarrl' thr: vil;al fluid.s rriust
be stron55, asi some r:f the fluids are under a nornral pressure of up to 3,Ct00psi and have transi.enr
pressure sur{les rising firr above this. These hnes

'1rl*-i
t;,*

ll,nurl

Fu-i/ tj..*
L'i1,cl 1..*,r

5,

- ,Lgr*

f Vt>1

t?+.j.t5\

{)f.

q' u,.*

*t,

(-',v,-,

must be light in weil3hr and must userfit;ings that,

prodtrce a rn.inirnunr drop in the presrsure of thei
firrid flovring; through l;hem. F,rovision:; mrrst brr
made by lhe use of flodble hose lor relal:irre rrrotir)n becween lhe airfrarne ancl such r;hockmounted cornponerfts a.s the engines ancL t;hr: instruntent pa.nels.
Il'.

)7igid Fluici Lines

A.

Materials

M,an1' of the fluid li::es used in ear.ly airr:rafl werer

made of copper tubing;ucl
the'J.ihration ern-

clgI,".
gAg$-ruglrldjia rde!-qb-S-SlX
gi"?F,
"t
c;1gg9it.!91-J"v*.q-q3ll"i?"9.-and9_v,p;:tga,!
prevent this; happening, bhese iines were pr:r-

i'-;d:

p!,"a17, 1t ^L

t,2YD

?,ro

l)ra'cl^-. -.

?5..
1t4t-,

,-..- -,-

,r.\.

ltig. i7-1 Mc,dern ai.rcro,ft d.epend ,tn both. ig'id and flexiblerfluid line:: to carry I'ue\ oil an,l.
f,tuid:;, so'me of which are under pressures of thousands'cf pou'n.dsper square incit

PAGE

o2

F L U I DL I N E SA N D F I T T I N G S
CH^P:L/C.
iodically removed from the aircraft, heaced reQf,ot *liir a t
would sollqn the copper so that it could be used
again.

The wall thickness of the tube debermines its

s[rength, and to find the inside diameler of the
tube, twice the wali thickness musi be subtracted
from the outside diameter.

Aluminum alioy and stainless steel have almost

compleleil' replaced copper for use in aircrafL.
{rcwpressurel stste"frig.such as instrument air or
ventilating air are often made of commercially
':\,'r'

TUBE
o.D.

/ " -pure-'aluminum (ii00-H14-half-hard);

or aiuminu m*having,a - small"percentage. of manganese,
3OO3.iFI4?Fuel and engine lubricating systems
,i -lL.andhydraulic or.pneumaticsystemsthat operate
:";'in the i,000 to 1,500 psi range often use iines
This al]gJ! Jyg
madb of :5052-0.aluminum'.
-0, or annealed,sLale is about one and threequE-rterstimes as strong as the iommercially
---_____---:_
pure aluminum in its partially hardened condition.I

,'t'/

- Stainless sreel is often used for high-pressure

hydrarilic and pneumatic lines and for iines carrying high-pressureoxygen.

114-

j4

'

.1

^*t

Rigid tubing is identified not only by its maierial

but also by ir..ssize.
The outside diameler of the tube is spe,cified in increments oT 1/16 inch. All of the fittings thaiare
used, forexample, @
ter-inch outside dia

2
.-

4-**)

3/8

1t2

5/8

_10

3t4

-12

^,
-

-16
Pig. 3-2 The outside diameter of rigid tubing is
identified by its dash number. The dash number
is the numeratorof the fractionaLdiameter in sirteenths of an inch.
UI.

Most of Lhecricicalfluid lines in our modern aircraft are fabricatedat the faclory and have all of
, the neiessary bends made and ali of the proper
end-fittings installed. These lines are specified
and identifiedby their part number. It is extremelf important, when replacipg a fluid line, to"use
only a line having the same part number.as that
originally installed. If a line must be made up in
the shop, lhe aircraft manufacturer can provide
informaLionregarding the material of which the
line is made. Aircraft tubine is normaliv ideny
tifi"d *ith the
gJJ!g!gbj$.
designarionsrapped on rhe o-u-ts_ide
i)tAtr
CD'
t C h Y t 'tj, '','
E. SizeDesignation
: \_
_
.\"r b : L x r L

FITTINGS
DASH NO.

1/8

.{1
-)
\1^,<

}OccasionaLly202a-T aluminum ailoy is used for

: fluid iines becauseof its higher strength, but it is
*o:.5$ligdlto
blend and flare without cracking,
and more care is required when it is used;tr..)

PLUMBING

A.

Fabricating Rigid Tubing

Cutting

After the correel length of tubing is defermined,

it shouid be cut off square with a roller-typetubing cutter, such as the one in Fig. 3-3.This type of
culter supportsthe tube on hardenedsLeelroilers,
while-agharp sieel cutting wheelis screweddown
against lhe tube. The cutter is rocaLedaround the
tube, and as the biade culs into the metal, it is
turned down further into the lube. This type of
cu[ter produces a cutoff that is smooth and
square,but it does leave burrs inside of the tube.
These burrs must be completely removed with
the reamer blade on the cutter, or with a special
reamer such as the one seenin Fig. 3-a.T_gglg g!
Lhe tu-b-gmus*t be-p:lir@go

:Btp$g^".f *he!-..-e*u-i"d--pdsse-:Ees-sslsentlgtions which would cause cracks when the tube is

If no tubing cutter is available. a fine-tooth

hacksaw can be used. Be sure to use a blade
whose teeLh are fine enough that at least two
teeth will be on each wall of the tube at all times.

P,A,GE: O',

$l

Nepat

ffiAiriines

9a

; I | t DF I T T I N 1 3 S
F L U I DL I N E S A
cr-rAP:A/C.

tl
B.

PLUjili1NG

)3en,Cin1J

The tubing use'J for.aircr;rft fluicL iines; has ,qtrite

thin walis and will collaFse in the bernd if adequahl precautions are not laken. .Fig. 3-5A s!6rws
a piece of tubing tirat r,r'asrbe:nt rLsin,gnr) j)recautions, arrd the resulting bend is severerll'kinkecl,
restricting the llov'of.an1' fluid throrrgh the line.
The Lube in B is wrinl:led an<i, while rrol restri<:ting r"he flovz so bacily':ts a kink, s'rjnl*i'as n,iit sti.[
causo an opnositioll and will severely vrealie:nlhe
tribe in t;he'xnd.In vi,:w (l we ser: the tube as it apprearsa.fber being
sr:ccessf ully bent, The be,nd should be -gm,:o_tfL,
with no marks from the )rendin6; r;ools, anci ;he
rrrinor ciiamerrerin the trenci sh,:ulclltFTdE;s ciran
'---'
757o of the rl$;ggpr o.f th"=_tUbe.

o
Fig. 3-3 Rt>Ller-tytrtet;.LbirLgcutter u,sed for cutt:ing small dia;met'er rigicL ttt.bin,g. tl hardenecl
steel reamer is 'zttache,Cto thet ba':h of the aLtter
to remoue tJrc burr:: tha.t tlds t:ypeof c:utter t'znds
ro le'zue on the inside ctf tlr.e tube.

Ftg. il-1 A -- BLinhed tubtng, cau:s,zdt'y nvaking

the bend without u:;ingany bemdingtooLs. B -A wrinh.Lied bend, c'aused by rcir,.g a.n i;'n,orooe,"
be'nding too,l.. (: -- A proler ben,l.. 1"he rr,.iro:
',75;c
diam<:ter in t'he bend must be no less ,lhan
of
the original ,Jiarneter o,f the tube.
)"ig. 3-4 SpecicLl tttpe of reo.mer t'\at can renrout?
lturr:; frctm ttoth. the in:;ide ancl the outsiale o,' the
e,nd of a piece <>ftubing. On.e side of the rec!.me,.
the outs,ide cf the c'ut. anci the' ot,her side
c:Lean.s
clean.s the inside.

Froduct;.on bending is done by the ulsr:,lf a cr:be

bender simiiar to lhe one seen in F isr. 3-6. lthe

tu6el!1la-mpertb.,t*r=" th";;*;lLJ,
---

diamp bar, and thr: radius biockjs

r'--

ii"a u
trlrned bv a

gearFriven by therhandle.(F.s
lhe ;Ediuribl,rck
trrnrri-tlrrruttdis-bent te#a"
r;h
i6Ailil5i;k
--r
'^-^etu^v\+<-i---=i-.-'

r
ano arguroe oar. lne nt.lmtrer c'I oogre{; ()I olnrl ls

i.emove all of the

ilared

ael&ff\r1.the:
an:ount t;he radius blech is
turned.l'Ihin-wall tubing is kr:p[ fforn gqllApgllrB
by_",i4[_g_Fe4drel; which is a smoot;hrr:unrJ-r:nd
E* th"C fits into ttil tube at the prointLhebend is
being;formed. It holds,the tube r;o it cannobcolIerpse.

HHF Nepat

F L U I D L I N E SA N D F I f i I N G S

GAlr,tnes

cHAP: A/e - PT,UI:3Ii{G

..t

v.

. 6 .

A production-type tube bender

,/r'

'/,

can
i6mall-diameter tubing may be bent without col- '/rtrhe
lhe
6y_bg"la,
as
as
beTent
be
bentty
rool,
too-],
Such
Such
Ue"aing
bending
99ll
huia
hand
using a
Llgg-g,tfg!Ltly--Y^99-1q-9!q9!
by usins
Iapsing
f"rr*- U"
b:"1$ Ls-r+g-gi

oi" *iig.

"

ti

"

FTtr;tip. me shdJEaThandiecan then be mov'

bend the tubing ro any angie that is
-a-Aowffi
needed.The number of degreesof bend is read on
oPPosite'rhein'
the scale ffi
bar.
shde
the
on
cidencemark

qpF;g tFqi-llCJsnugl:laroundthe cu!ilS-!3-\e-el

;a tlren m;lins ,he bends.
hnt that every particle of sand is removed from
the tube before it is inslalled in the aircraft.

A variaiion of the sand method is used in some

factories for making very complex be,,4t-14,!ub-j.g. The ube ii filled with an extremely ioy-

Juch as woodtt metal

*itine-Fointil.tul
"rloi
iitor;; are melled in boiling
Thete
ot
Ce..-o-lle"ci.
-__..--.-:,
water, unOt
.-ind is bent. When t@com'
the tube i5 placedin a vat of boiling water,
6lered.
^#

eEjbr-lltoY mells and runs out of i!'

C

Methods of Joining Rigi-d. Tubing

1. Flared fittings

Fig.3-7 A hand-type tube bender that is usedfor

tubin

Much of the rigid tubing used in modern aircraft

ls lolneo, or ls con

$l

#f

Nepal

FLLIIDLINES AN.DFITTNGS "

ll.irjines
.tl

1 - F : A I S ES L I D E - B A RU P ' / Y A l i D .
INCIDENC;E

*o *a-"

S L I D E :B
- AR

2 . P I . . A CT
EU B I N G . I NB L O C
TUBri NG
\:
JL
RADIUS
BLOCr[

--rr

\-

CLIP

3 . PREPARE
T O R A I S EC L I F O
) \ / E RT UB I l . l G .

, 1. D R O PC L I P O V E RT U B I N G .

I N C I D E N C EM A R K C O I N C I D E SW I T H Z E R O
lilAFiKON RADlUli a I r \ a . r

$ - B E N DT U B I N GT O D E : S I R EA
Dt \ l G L E .

M,ARK
90 DE:GREE

A B E N DO F 9 0 D E G R E E S
DONE
AS SI{O\ryNI N , A B O V ES T E P S
6 . R E M O V E B E I . T TT U B I N C i B Y ' L I F T I T ' I GI S L I D E . B A FAI I , I D R A I S I N G C L I P .

Fig. 33

Usi;ng ct ltand-Jield tuL,i

bender

P A G EQ
:$
l-

-c3-o.-.

- t;epal
E,ilnrnes
4pcve{ d*J=
'4t)->,nz\arz
h?'

FLUID LINESAND FITTINGS

CHAP: A/C.

3V'

PL''JMBING

l,_L
^e .;,,n1_,
v)

4S'

,
/

t,

...--1
...--*

,33" ,..--*
.-?l
,33"
// 37"

{,/

(A)

''
qr"l
rL,J

/.,
, i,:
..i
\1
i
'.

,r

SLEEVE

'\/

Li

/T O EO F

l\

ftV
"

':

.i)

t.t/

/'

=T;;;B

o[JTslD
l<- oF S L E E V E

(B)

at trtrvF

M I N I I !U M F L A R E

MAXTMUM FLARE

Fie. 3-9 A -

is.flared witlt o flare angLeof 37:

Aircraft igid.tubing

I ne tuog musl
-ffi.

ue lLUtYu ro

l e e u e .b u t i s n o l a r g e r t n a n t u

' Ls' d e-dtg!1919l- e-f-t! e sl ggv*e'

iormed so thac the flare rests
fi:tlittl;f?'
before
tings'
soiidiY against the flare cone of the fitting
imPorlant
is tight'e ned. It is extremelY
45-degree flare angle'
-'2he B-nut
Automotive filtings have a
never be used Lo Pull the cube uP
and automotive fittingt tV"::,^:,nut
ol
and to prevenl t"t"ft
against the fitring , a s v i b r a i i o n o r e x p a n s i o n
fittings have
flay
Lhe
being used i,lt"..itu'lgtubiy' ai'c'aft
at
fail
ihe aircraft can ca'rse che tube to
a 3?-degree flare angle'

fitflaringtheendof ihetubeandusingflare'tvpe

a.

:p91i1t between
The actual sealing is done by rh3
-of

ihe fitting.

'I'hesec - -

-.

;U*i"i".
-;;;;J";,

@4_ocr_acks,s

@uase'

There are two typ es of nuts used for connecting

AN8ll
aircrafl rigid tubi: r g L o t h e f i t t i n g s . T h e
onil
used
be
can
that
,yLi.j_{$?_p" ,ce nut
%
is stratght lor a otst
. "
.*tereTfi4'o*q
al on 1
;u tTa n Eil]ltpl-back
end is being flared.

ffi

sieeue are 'r/

Before the tube is llared, a B'nu! arrd.
there is a bend near the end of the lube
slipped over rhe
4!*:
nut cannoL be used and th
t^nf,":1"*t"-ot*"
"ri,@
*l,osg

ronna na.e

?ur.qde
Lrp?Let.iq-lf"tT

that of the insrdegflb@,L-tAg

the MS20819 sleeve mus! b

PP") ,)

PACiE:f)]

WU Nepat

F L U I DL I N E I SR N O F I T t l N G S ,

WAiriines

cHAP: A/ C ,, PLU[i]3:1\;G

used. The hole in tfris nut is large enough lo slipr

over bhe tai] of the s;Ieeve,erndso ir can easily slipr
zrrou:nd the bends in i:he tuLrina. The nu[ and
s;leeve are s]lpgred ql&r th-e- tudre]2
;-e-Jl i.'
flare,l, a:rd vrhen the conner:tion is assr:mb,led.thel
nut loro:s tire sleeve against r:he bube to form a
t,ight seal beLween the flare of the tube and ther
flare cone of thrr fir,:ine.

A N I 3 1 7N U T

U>.)

fuj't,1r*ul^I-

Q;., -r^

aLte6L.

f | ^ - ^(

lLu,

A rqin;;le flare may tre formed on a_p'iece<>frigj-d

lut4ng wit;h either an irnpact-tyBe_llerriajg-leol. or
o n e h a v i n : z t h e r o l i i n e a : t i o n o l t h r : i l c . r i n : r, : o n e .
FiE1.3-i2 :;ho',rrsan iFnpacl-t;ypeflarin6; r:ool. Th.e
tutre is; cul off square and its ends; zrrr:oc'lisherl,
and it is cian:,pec between t,he .nalvers,:f lhe vise
blocks wilh oniy abor:t l/16 inch of the tube sriching up above the blocks The blocks are clamped
in a vir;e, and ihe pin-type flarin;g tool is;clrivt:n into :he Lube wi bh its f,:q'r;harp bio*'rs <tf a hamrne'r
as ilre:reeded to flare the tube enC oul, a.gainscche
bevei cut in tbe blocks. L: is jmp,crte,nll;bat_asj-ew
blows as pos:;ible be$$,J- as rnanv Iignt b,lc'ws
will work-.rarden the tutrrngT

SLEEVE

I,c*'-*,o^

lt u)

(B)
Fig. il-10 A -

The Lorqtre valur:s shovrn in F:lg. ll-i1 :ihcu:lclbe

us,:d rvhen tighL,:nirrg the nuts 6n a flared tube.
O'"'ertightening c:an forc:elhe sr.eeveinto t,hr:t;ubing and damage il. causing it to ieak.

The AN8li'

lw

1/16"

nut is o singrl.e-oiece

n,utand.cant,e
---:'i--".sdffi6i6@e
rtear the,znd
tlte

*"*hends

of
tubing. These n:.utsere not: as
ffiTcctor\,1;Tile
n'tt aVd.sleet,ecttmbinaiiion, as
tJtey r.enctto wipe, o," iron, the flaret as it i:; being
tighte,neal. Il:i'he A)Y81,8 nut with the
lv[S2ABrc sb,rui is ilre rnost p"'p"1", tvnr$@'
-fc,und
*_---

----;--91 ,ldq tr!fu*fTese

L-^\

ntEare -on;mo{l

c & L t e ab - n u t s .

T u b eQ . D .
(inchers)

W r e n c h t o r r q u er a n g e
f o r t i g h t e n i n r 3t u b e n u t s
(inch pouncs)

Alum.allc,y
1100.H'1
4,
5052-0
3 / 16
lltl
5 / 16
3/tI
1tll
5/t!
3ltI
1.
l ' t l . l

1.1l1'-

40-65
60-80
75-125
150-250
,4UU-JJU

1300-500
500-700
600.900
'500-900

S;leel
130-70
jt0-90
70-120
90.150
155-250
300-400
430.575
550-750

i-t

Fig. 3-.12 An impacr-type fiaing

Ro).ling-tyce flar:.ng tools are quite popuiar i:n

avialion rnaintenilncr: shops because bhey are er,tire:ly self.:on.-ained and it is easy,t<trnake a goo'l
flare with this type ,rf t'coi. The tool pricturr:d i:r_

Fig.3-t3 q,illllaie tubiru11ryfitr-tqi|Efi-qE;

#-

Ftg. 3-1I llecc,mm.ended tot-quc ualu,zs for

ti,ghterzi.n,gtube nut.s on air<:raf,l riErid t:ubing

tool

stdl diameler. T'o use thir; lool. t,,ne dies ;lre

-#-'..
rotateci urrbil Lhe bw,c halves oi the cor::ect size
hoie a.e aligned and the tutre is inserted against

Nepal

Eg

F L U I DL I N E SA N D F T T T I N G S

ffunrnes

cHAP: Aii.

FLITI':3.Ill3

bhe stop. The dies are clamped iogether and lhe

flaring cone fs [urned into the end of the lube.
Roilers in the cone burnish the metal as it is ex'
panded into Lhe ciie, and a smooth flare results.
\4rhen the flare is formed sufficiently, rhe handie
i s r e v e r s e da n d t h e d i e s r e l e a s e d ,a n d t h e c u b e c a n
be removed from the tool.
Fig- 3-i4 is a chart of the dimensional toierances
useci for forming a single flare in both aluminum
allol' and steel fubing.
b. Dou bIe-f\are
SofL aluminum tubing having an ouLside diameter of 3i8 inch or smaller may be double-flared
Lo pror{d67?Lronger connection to lhe firting'

3-13 A rolLing'tYPe fLaring tool

MS33584

lt

.a/

zl

To double-flare a piece of tubing, cuL it off in the

same lvay as was done for a single flare' remove
all of the burrs. and poiish fhe end to minimize
the possibiiitv of cracks. Inserb the tubing into
lhe iianng die ro the depth allowed b1' Lhe stop
n i n : r r d f . h e nc j a m n t h e d i e s . l n s e r t t h e u p s e L r , t n g
iooi into the die and with as felr' biou's of lhe ham'
m e r a s p o s s i b l e .u p s e l t h e l u b i n g ' T h e n i n s e r t L h e
flaring iool and strike it with fhe hammer ro foid
the metal down into lhe tubing and form the
plIr

/. 1
B'

DimensionF
sor Single-Flared
Tubing
Tube Size
Outside
Diameter
I In c h l

Tube Size

Sleei or
Aluminum Allov
Tubing llnchl

v,^ vrr

v^ s-^ ^ r

double-flare.
B
Baciius
- .0.010
llnchl

0.200

+ 0.00C
- 0.01c

0 . 03 2

0.302

+ 0.000
- 0,010

0.032

n 1qQ

+ 0.000
- 0.010

0.032

o 421

* 0.00c
- 0.010

0 . 0 32

0 484

+ 0.000
- 0.01
0

0.046

u.oJo

* 0.000
- 0.010

0 . 78 1

+ 0.000
-0010

0.062

0.937

+ 0.000
- 0.010

0.078

+ 0.000
- 0.015

,0.093

Fig. 3-14 Dimensional

qrrv

toleronces for a singIc

t isid tubin

P ' i g .' 3 ' 1 5 A - I n s c r t t l r c t u b e t o t h e s t ' o pp i n a n d

clamp the dies together. B - Inserl the upset'
t i n g t o o La n d s t r i l z ei t r L ; i t ha h a m m e r t o u p s e t t h e
eni of the tube. C - Insert the fLarin;4conc and
strihe it with the ltammer to form the flare'

PriGE:O!

WF Nepal

FLIJID LII'{ESAIID FITI'INGS

wA.inines

cHAP:

T.

B --+

a
u..21

0.302

1t4

0.3ss

ti/16

0.121

I
I

I
I

0.484

ri/8

1/8
3/16

Thiekne:;s

lnside
lf iameter

Iin.]

0.032
o.o+o

Cr.028
c).035
Cr.028
Cr-035
c,.035
cr.049
c,.028
c,.035
C'.049

0 - 11 4
0.rD0
0 . 1t 8
0.1r59
0.2:24
0.1!18
0.310
0.2118
0.2til

7is'. 3-'t6 r)imen:;ional tole 'ances for o al.ouL,le

l.areon a trt'.ecetof airc'rafl ri; 'id t:ub[ng
l. FLareless fil.ttir.Lgs
t is dil'ficu. .t to flare the tLearv *
f r , t ' s o m e - o f r : h eh f . a o r

'onrrirod
,::-Yl:*-:,:::
, i . , !-? .a . fq rr w
rrr

h r . , ' lraulic
1rJ

glL.u b-iq&t,h-a!-I,s
nrp'lqrrre

li neq

in

anC pneu mat,ic i;ystems;, and

he "bite-t1?e_'' flrlrei,:ss fitt .ng has been desi$r.

n-aortfiesil arrplicatittns.

lub off bhe encl of the lube sc uare, and remove all
lf Lhe br.rrrs a n d p o l i s h i t s t rnd. Then s;lip a nut
rnd ferrule overrofreend of th e tube and scrt:w the
ru1.ont;o bl'te presetting t,rol, a s s e e n i n F i g . 3 - 1 . 7
Je sure bhe tube is square aiSain.sfthe bott,om ol
,he,boo[,arr,I t h e n s c r e u ' t h e r rit ciow:nby hand un'
i l i t f i o h f o ns the ferrule ag ainst the l,)ol. No\ry,
rsing a wre nch, turn the nut from one to orte and
,hrqg:gggle* of t,fr'.TT le exacr" amounl (le

"

-il Fl--*"

II

-,n
l-=

L--i

PRESETTTNG
I

i rer

. : H O L Dw r r H F T N G E R SI

Ar'h

^.'^

u.uJz

____

\il il_FERR'r'.E
I

M inirn u m

0.032

'-^

rffall

0.032

t;il Fl

lin.

rrir?r

-YL'j:.i:rl.-itr

|I

lLlr
tf-nt

ll il

Radius
+ 0.010
lin.

-'l

penrls on the s:ze of lhe tubing and t.his should be

done accorrjin5; to lhe manufacturer's r,3cornrnrndations.

----FI'ry

TubeSize
N o m i n a l Diarmetgr
+ 0.010
O u t si d e
Diameter - 0.010
ltn.
Iin.l

f 'r

;r,t l',

Ro-Artcrui
[ ro pnevEN-i

tl
ls
l/ IT"(
l,

It'r

|| /i,r'i---.,
;

-rJ,u*o,,o,*,
;
i i( @;=*:-=--/->=::;
I \t
I

L):==1:--- l
Fig'. 3-17AIn.stoll the n;zt a.nd.fe.rrutde
o;z !: ,
encl of the tutting. lJ - Seat t,he e,nCol the t:
ing firmly agtin:;t tt\e bottcm of t:he pre.sett,i.:.
tool. 'C =. Turn ,the nut d.oun u.ntil ,.esi.st.znce.
i:.
ielt, and tlrcn turn it l-Sl4 turn
th:.isr,oi n'

PAGE:1C

"ll
tl
Nepal I
E-dF
E?dtr Nepal

FrrrrNGS
AND
L'NES
FLUID

Wfiirlinac
ffiAiriines

,
I .. no. !-,/ J . pLLrl'iBIliG

lt""^'

aminethe ferruie.The Lubeshouldhavea uniform

o n r p i e t - e l 1 ' a r o ui tnsde n d ,i n d i c a L i n g
i n c i e n t . a t i oc n
c h a rr h e t u i . ei s s q u a r ea n d h a s b o t t o m e de v e n l y
'fhe
b i r e s h o u l d b e e v e n .a n d r h e
in the tool.
m a r e r i a ls h o u l db e r a i s e dr o a h e i g h ro- f a r l e a s t
50io of lhe rhicknessof rhe ferruieleadingedge.
The ferruie mav be iooseenough thar it. can be
r o l a ' - e do n : h e t u b e ' b u t i t s h o u l d n o t b e f r e e
enough LCmove back and forrh' RoLalg-lbe--l9l
ruie to seerhat LheL'Lqrelqqi-lsslrqighr' u'irhrhs
-trnd-d-rhe-le-ffTftindicaringthatir\\'asper'

I
|
I
I
I
I
i
I
|
I
I
|

.
t

r
'

be st,gflfi1*q9yed_-!9
feutttstJheedgeofrhelicr"ilg.

|
I

)
I

; L_..
i
I

'll

I'li

,'
lL
ll]
.1.-f
li
]
le I
|iI

j \'

io-[n"-rub"]U-fsruissngg:AI
providerhe properseqltlg

,
I
t
Ji
lli
1---.,l
; dl,',
F\
:Ill

i
i

8..

n.

c(ir11,.,i;)'.

'\

r\!s\_

rn

t,'-'

e.!

: '

]-j

I
I
I

l-

i!

illlilir
itlt

i
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
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I

I
I

I I |

3'

II

i t f f i | , ' u . ' . ' n'.-l

Aproperl1,connectedfLareLesstubefit..

i
i

t;ng

i-t---T-tEII--

I. . _ \I- . - - ] I lElll

ctamps
andhose
3' Beading

:t

t
i
|

.. .
-Af

i
i

rtltt-

\uJ

lHf

, I
I
l

I
I

Fig. ,3-18 The end of the tube shouLd haue a

1119
uniform inclentatton all around' it, nnJ fil
hitp of the rube shotild raise mate(iot appil'

q:ren>rnt::f inUL'-tn
n;f',-fi{,
,
- - "sLighttt'
shiuLdbe
L
'
'
e
--o
v
t:ffii-ferruLe
te'
b o u , e c(JC ) .
The rubing musl be rouLedand positioned lo resl
g'ill not have Lo
agarnst Lhe firring so Lhat the.,ut
t
h
a
r the firting is
s
u
r
e
B
e
p , . , t tu t . , .I i n e i n r o p l a c e .

' ^--^-riiamoror
liines
ines e
zrrvino
s r r c h low-pressul
l o w - n r e s s u - ^ tr
such
carrying
Large-ciiameLer
nuia. as engine relurn oil and cooiing air ma1'be
ioined *itit a rubber hose slipped over the ends of

hose
in";uua-a;d heldin placewith soew-rype
cla.,,ps'
Before slipping the hoseover the end of the tube'
musL be beaded by'using either a power
l1:...t:0"
beading tool' such as the one
beader g.
" liid.
-: -' / '\
--

seenin Fig' 3-204

'

'L -- '?

After the hose is slipped over the beads, cenLer

Lhe hose clamps beLweenthe ends of the hose and
the beads. Tighten the clamps finge'-tight and
then one and one-hal!!?rlYv-q::+I^e:?+:Ll:
Iiqn
a wrench or a pair of pliers. Tishrentng Lhe hose

perfec|lyc]ean'andScreu,LhenutdownunLi}youjEgE:-g9=!g!i*?li,-.3}'.@
f e e l r e s i s l a n c e .N o q , , u s i n g a u , r e n c h , l i g h t e n L h e
n u t a n a c i d i r . i o n ali/ 6 L o 1 R r u r n . N e u c r t i g h t e n o
after refiareLess iitting more than J/3 turn
d
i
s
a
s
s
e m b l ei l ,
l
e
a
k
s
,
f
i
r
t
i
n
g
s i s L a n c ei s t ' e L ti. f r h e
pro.
been
has
tube
Lhe
that
and check Lo be sure
p
r
o
p
erly
a
n
d
i
t
r
e
c
o
u
p
i
e
t
h
e
n
p
r
e
f
o
r
m
e
d
;
perly
of
leak,
rhe
end
lo
it
conLinues
If
nut.
t.he
iigtt"n
the fube will have to be cul off and a new ferrule
nreformed onlo the tube.

h o s e . T h i s i s a c o n d i l i o n i n w h i c h . . q h er u b o e . r . ] s
s q q e e z e ds o .l i g h t t h a t i L i q s c s . i Lr e s i l i e n c e ,a, n d I L S
impaired'
=4ffi+g"ellii"-arE
IV-

Flexible Fluid Lines

L-!- --_ .r^ --,When there is relative molion between the componenls that are joined by a fluid line, a flexible
hose must be used'

\g4 Nepal

F L L I I DL I N E S A N D F I T T . L N G ,' S

Airlines

(A)

D0)___--_

,)

h[.'r'r-

:\
l\v'!vaa

}i'i:sr cLAMP

_1i.,-,.,

..'1

(\.,

is
Fi5y.3-1)0 A -- Hand type tLtbe beadin6' tool. E -- The encis of the tube are b'zaded L,efo,"et,\e h:.o:;e
sLi:'tps(iouer tlLem. C' - Thet hose clamps ore ient:ered between ;:he end of the hose and thet ltezcl..
A.

FLexibLeLlose Const'uction

1. Inner Liner
The inner t.ube,or the iinr:r, of a :llexible hose c:uriei; lhe fluiC, and il musL have a min.i.mu.mporo,sity' and musL tre chenrically- compati.bie with t.ce
m a t e r i a i b e i n g c a i - r i e d .I t m u s l b e s m o o t h s o t h a t
it '^/ili offer r,fLenrinirnurr resi5f.snss, or oppo,;iLion, t,o 1.he flow, and it must be fl:xit,le
bhroug,rou: the entire rrngo of operating ternp e r a L u r e si L w j l l e n c o u n t , r .
T h e r e a r e b a s i c a l l y f o u r c l i f f e : r e n ls y n t h e t i c c o m norrnds rrs,:d for t.he inner liner of rarrcraff fluid
i i n e s . I r i e o E r e n ,iss a f o r m , r f s / n L h e l i c r u b b e r c h a l
har; a soof=i6ais',.ahceiij'aii.usio.r and can be
use,d frir rnanv fluid Iine applications br:t itsresi_ii_?irti:f.o-iiijlroleum-base,l oils is nol as good,
i l s o * e o f t h e o c i r e r< : o m p o u n d s .

has ,anerxtr,:melyvriderusable tempe.raturo range,

t : x t e n d i n g j r o m - 6 5 0 F l o a s h i g h a s + 4 5 c r oF .
'feflrln's
unique wax-Ii.ke sur{'ace has a m-.ninrum
opposition 1;ofluid flovs, and i1;has a 'ren i,rr:.gse'r'rice iife if it is properly used.
:2. )Teirtfor':ement
'lhe

s L r r r n s t . ho f a h o s e i s d e c i : r m i n e c il r v [ h e r e i n lorcr:menl ,,,rhichis piaced over the .|nnelrtube.

llein.forcementsi ale rnade of co[ton, ravc)n, (fr
poiyestrlr feLbric,or of either cariron-st,er:1
wire ,lr
sitainless sceel 'wirerbraid.
'fhe

design of t;he rein.forcement is cluic: :riticai,

as the irosel has a tendency to increase its drarnelor and decr:easeit,s iengt,h \Arhenprer;sure is
; r n n l i e c i T^ h^ ' p
n
. n n p r r i e s i p ' no f i l - r pr , ' i r r f c r c e n r e : r t
"
H'
can minimi:ze l.rese di:nen.sior: ch.anE:ers.
.1. t)utzr coue,-

lBuna-ftr has a bett,er resisiLancelo petro;.europro-

jisgnlor-qp]ilic{iii6,rs
_{_-ur;!s".tfr-an_q99!59.Ffi-d'F
fluicis;are carrierl.
in which qetroleurr-r

.4.proteclive ol-rter co'r'er,usuallv m;tcle o;: lal>r..c,

rubtrer, or stainless steel br;aid, is put ovrrr Lre
reinlorcemenl to prc,lecL lhe hose frorn s;u':h
physical damage as al:rasiion or rscuffing.

'-ltrgy-l--is
noL slriLable ior r:se wit,h pe,iroleun:rproIor Iluro
ciur:tslirur iL rs exc:elldilE3-arinireiliibl
)3, Mettsurement of lvLexibleFluid -Lines
iines cafiiTing pirosphat.e esterbase hydraulic
f l u : r d ss u c h a s . S k ] ' d r o i . 4ul7
I ,
C C ; , o l '+fhe size of.a rigid fluid linr: is measurecl try it,s or,:t:;ide diamel;er, but; tbe size of a flrxible line is
Te:flon is a synLl'reLicresirr comp{tun{l bf'DrrPqnI.
cieberminejd by its inside diameter, rrreilsureri in
bhzrtcan berused as an inner tube for fluid Lines.It

Vl

Nepat
^

F L U I DL I N E SA N D F I T T I N G S

trr...tErr

increments of li 16 inch, u'irh the dash number referring to the size of rigid tubing u'ich which Lhe
-10 hose wiil flou'the same
hose is compatibie. A
amount of fluid as a 5/8 inch rigrd tube'

Aircrafi flexibie hose is marked with a yellou',

reci, or u'hite stripe running the length of the
hose. Along ihis line is printed the informarion
neeoed ro iciencify the hose. The MIL-spec nurnbei- of the hose, [he manufacturer's name or svmbol. and the year and quarLer of the manufacLure
of the hose are inciuded. as rvell as the dash
numfer represenring uhe hose size and, in some
c a s e s .l h e m a n u f a c i u r e r ' s p a r t n u m b e r ' T h i s l a y
Iine is not only for idenrification of thti hose, buL
it serves to indicaLe whether or noL the line was
rrvisteci when it was inslalled. Instalied properll'.
this iine wiil run straighr and nqL spiral around
i1,',:t,
" q'
thehose.
..ts -

M r L . H . 8 7 9 a : S l Z d , S ' Z l SrACN ls Y M B O L

Fig. 3-21 The lay Line printed aLong a flexible

)tise pro--iries tl""eneeded iniormotion obout the
jrcse
h o s ea n d s e r u e s t o s h o w w h e t h e r o r n o t t h e
has been twisted when it was installed'

D.

-.)

t/P
J/ to

-6
-8
- 10

lt+
J/O

1t2
3to

600
500
400
300
250
250

Fig. 3.-22 Lott-Pressure hose

sieel braid to lhe inner tube' Over tl.resceel braid
reinforcement is usualiy placed a braid of rough
o i i - r e s i s t a n Lc o L L o n .

If the hose is to be useciwith any of the pecroieum

prcd,ucts, its inner Iiner is made of:v-TffiF
ouler braid is gra5'-black But, if the
te#firs
hose is fo be useci *iii''r W

auii-c[]s'ds*'r-[e-1n'
99:Ph*:::qs:n"!he-!E-hvft
t-u!Uqi4 l3
i s m ade of sy r-r1!r-e.i.
er
;e
r
lin
118-u !.v-1".
-the'
o,iiiiiljiltl i-c; i";;,q}esr tI e-Ia1' Iine has
word SKYDHOL o" lt, along wi[h the other
the
information'

Types'of FlexibLeFluid Lines

1. Low-pressure

ltose -

,- ' { ,!,',.
-

Lo\4'-pressureair or vacuum hoses and lhe iines to

some aircrafr inslrumenLs are nol required co
carrl' high pressures, and they may be of the lor'r'p r e s s u r e t y p e . T h e s e h o s e s h a v e a s e a m l e s si n n e r
i u b e a n d a r e i n f o r c e m e n rm a d e o f a s i n g i e i a y e r o f
c o l l o n b r a i d . A n o u r . e rc o v e r o f r i b b e d o r s m o o L h
rubber is useci Lo proLecL lhe reinforcemenL from
p h 1 ' s i c a la b r a s i o n . T h e m a x i m u m o p e r a L i n gp r e s sure of these hoses varies with their size and is
shown in Fig. 3'22.

Dash
Size
3

-t.vnp

v bonci the sinsie

f,/ to

13t32
-

tu
<a
to

Fza

Medium-pressure hose is generally called 1'500

p s i t u b i n g , b u t i t s n r a x i m u m o p e r a l i n g .p r e s s u r e
v a r i e s w i t h i t s d i a m e [ e r . I t h a s a s e a m l e s sl n n e r
tube and a colton braid impregnated wiLh a rub-

1/8
114

Medium-pressurehase

Size

Ji to

-20
2.

Max.
Oper.
psi

Dash
Size

C. Lay Line

-JZ

-40
-48

ttz
f,/0

7t8
1 . 1l 8
1.3/8
1 - 13 / 16
2-3lB

Fis. 3-23 Medium-Pressure' hose

Max.
Oper.
psi
3,000
3,000
3.000
2.000
2,000
1,750
,1,500
800
600
500
3s0
250
200

LJ
PA,GI::

F L U I DL I N E S P . N DF [ - T T I N G S i ,

4Airlines

c'.HAr,:
A/ a.
:-----

I LUI'IB ill(i

ITigh-pressure hos'z
'hvo

or tnore sLeel Ilrairls 'are used f or irigfrp r e s s u l : eh , r s e , r v h i c h h a s a m a r : t m t l m p r e s ; s u r e

i - a r i n g o i 3 , 0 0 ( )p s : . ,a n d L h e c ' u r e : c o v e r o n ) r i g ! i p.".r-rr. h,rse is smoolh, lo ciistingrish it frorn
mediurn-pressure hoser.A syrrrhecic : u!]'"1.ln"'
]iner is use,d q'ibh hose fiadE ro*r!1' E:rroleurn
p--OaUc*,tn d-tli e ; u 1r (, *,t tt t h-"!g--tloi ei i s
"
ii;cI<lrna ha s aIJIIolr 1 tv fill e-1\T'is e n es' 99 a

-ro
*nt

Sltat;r itat""fic n'-,ii ttasa B'-l-!-rylf'fhe

ber iniir--linei-ani i gra:n iruter cover'

i i n e f o : L h i s h o s ei s w h i r e .

Dash
Sizet

C.i:o

l.D.

I tJZ

-6
-8
- 10
<a

- 16

| ,tJz

'''
116
o/14

11/16
718

lay

Ma;r.
t)per.
p:si
3,000
3,000
3.000
3,000
3,000
3,000

F'ig. i?-24 Higlt'Pressurt' hose

4.

(4,)

'l'efLon
t7ig. 3'2t> t\ - M'zd.itLm-])ressure hcrse t/
17 -- E'igh-pressure '4ose o'1 T'zflo;2, tuith tuto
L a v e . so , f s p t : . r aulr a p s t a i n l e s s s t e e l u i r e w o u n d i n
ctpp<tsitttdirect:ions. l\ st.ainless steel braid en'
c : a s e st l t e e n t i r e t u b e . C - A r n e d t u m - p r e ' s : ; u r e
ircse'of Tefton protei:cted front ltetat ond abra'sion
lty a. twc-la.yer asbestctsLoom firesltieLd'
V.

.A. At;:achment to Ccmtrtonents

There errel;wo bas;ic rvaYs in wh.ich fluid line .:ittinp;s Inay be a:rached to a comPonent: bi'
tap,3psclpipe threaos anci b y ' u n i v e r : s a lb u l k n e ' a r l
fitt:.ng.

I'.{oseof |lefLon
1.

The synt.hetic resirr prociuced by DuPont and

knoq,n as Tefion hal; mztnv acivanLlgesifor ustl in
'lefl'ln is
unaffecled bl' fuels'
aircrafr fluic Iin:s.
I u b r i c a r i r l g ' l i i s , c o ' c i a n L so. r s o l v e n L sl f r a l a r e
u s e d i n a i r c r a f l s y s - e m i s ,a r l c ii i a l : ; o f i n d s e x t ' e n sive use in missiler; Lo carrv rhe fuels and ox'

Fluid L'ine Fittinigs

TatrteredPtlPe,thrP'ads

T a p e r e d p i p e : : h r e a c i ss e a l b'i the wedging arlLlot.l

beLrveenihe caPeled inale l h r e a r l a r r d l h e l a S r e r e i
i

j
i
I

idizers.

I
I
i

is
A s e a m l t : s sr : x [ r u c i e di n n e r l i n e r o f T e f l o n r e s i n
rr'ediumfor
braid
coverecl rvi[].ra sLainiesssreel
p r e s s u r ea p p l i c a t i o n s ' a n d i v i c h e i t h e r L w o b r l r i d s
tvire
o r w i r h a d o i r b i e s p i r a l r v r a p o f s r a i n l e s ss L i : e l
f o r i r i g h - p r e s s u r eI i l r e s .

I
I

I
I

II
I

I
I
I
I

1 L i s i m p , o r L a n LL h e m i n i t n u m l - r e n dr a c i i u sr e s ' r i c '
'leflolt hc'se is instal'led'
Lions be obr;erved tvhelr
"lake a
A f L c l r t h e h o s e h a s b e e t i i n s e r ' ; i c e ,i l ' v i l l
seL,'' wh.ich meilns that. it rvill become solrlev/nal
rigi<i, and if ihe hose is removed from l'he aircrafl'
ir-nrust, not be benL al5ainst this set ihaL it ha:;
laken.

l!

I
I
I
l

Fig. 3'26 The sealof tapered pipe threa&; is .prouicledby l:he Luedgin.gac:tiotxbetween the taperea
mole c:ttd female thread,;.

F L U I DL I N E SA N D F I T T I N G S

EArnrnes
BUSHING
AN912
/-,5-1
rr'ilfir rrr

COUpL1NG
AN91O
,----\

E L B O WA N 9 1 4
i:-l

r--l_n I11Ilrili1HII,{mT{x
\-l=f / fillllllll- L:l
I n,1tilllllllllilrrriilNNr
I fFs|I]nm
j lilllllllll
U '--{"'il"r'
tllu[tlF

ill
[IIIIIIII[|-{N\\N
E-,|#///l
PLUG
t---?W:----\J

N I P P L EA N 9 1 1

AN913

E L B O WA N 9 1 6

E L B O WA N 9 1 5

\--J

-ll'''U,'

T E EA N 9 1 7

by the inside
thread fittings. The size of a pipe fitting is meqsured
Fig. 3'27 T,,-PicaLtaPered PiPe
same threads used on the fitting'
d i i m c t e r o f a n i r o n P i P e h a v i n g the

inch ro
femaiethreads.Thesethreadstaper 1/16
lubrrthread
of
amounl
the inch. Either a small
threacis
Lhese
or
chread'
cant is placedon the male
Lapelo
u." *.upp.d wirh a tirin scrip of Teflon
right
together
u'ill
screw
assureihat ttte frrrings
C3fg-nuslbe
se?l
enough Lo form a complete
raken when scre*'ing tapqred fittings il{e JxstLnat lne IlIaluminum or magngqiu.m--hsu-sUCS

fis
castlng.

-----i

Uniuersal buLkhead fitting

These fittings have the advanLage that they can

be oriented in exactiy ihe correct direction and
rhen ttghrened in lhis posirion so thev wiil not
leak.
'insr.alling
a fitting of rhis type' an
Before
m
u
s
l
b
e screwed onto lhe fitring so
AN6289 nut
j
u
s
t above lhe groove cul lnLo
u
p
thal il comes

r-4,
AN6289 NUT r----]

.--@,
MS9058
T E F L O NR i N G

2.

MS28778=
\lA5

f\ E

M528778
GASKET
GROOVE

the cutout portion of t^hetltreads. SIip on

A - Screu't the nut onto'the fitltng untiL it is aboue
tactsthe
the Teflctn ing and the o . n n s g a s k e , t . B _ s c r e u l t h e f i t t i n g d o w n u n t i l t | t e o . r i n g c o n
the nut
enough to align it with tlte hose. Hotd the fitting und turn
housing. C - Screw t h e fittiigln
F; -

9-9R

n ttn

rAtJc.

Wtr NePat

l'l

F t - u l DL I N E SA N DF I T T I N G S

WAirlines

Lhc t-hreads- .\n i\,1

S9058 l'ef
ing and an
l\,1
S28778 t]-ring 14as1<et.
of l;heecorrecl size are
c a r t : f u l l 1 ,s l i p p , : d o v e r L h e l o ' r e r l h r e a d s i n b , l h i e
!I o,lve. Nori,, roLaLe Lhr: fiLt.ing and Lhe nuL
L o g , : t h e : irr L o L h e h o u s i n l g u n L i l t h e O - r i n g j u s ; t
c o n L a c t st h e f a c e o f t . h e l r o u s i n g . H o i d l h e n r - L L
w i r i - ra w r e n c h a n , l L u r t t t , h e f i f t i n g i n f o r f - i i 2
L u r n s .L o c e u l e r -l h e O - r i n g i n t , h eg r o o v e , a n d l h e n
use ulr Lo r)nemore fu.ll Lurn to align the lirting
q'it.h t.hehose Lhartis rrt aL[ac]r Lo it. Vi/hen li-Lefi :t . i n g i s a l i g r - r e dh. o l d i t a n c l r i g ' h r e nL h e r l u t w i l h a
u ' r e n c h u n t . i l L r e n u L { t o n t . a c t sL h e h o u s i n g . T h i s
w i l l f o r c e r f r e O - r i n 1 gd c w n i n L o t h e c h ; r m f r : r e dh o l e
and u'ill rnake a fiuid-i.ight seal.
E.
l.

i n F i g . 3 - 3 t 1 ,l v e s e e s o m e t l r p i c a i e l t r o w s ; .L e r e : r .
c r o s r i e s ,a n r i u n i o n s u s e d f o r c o n r e c l . n , l r u b i n , s
vrilh flare-l,yper fictings" The f ernakr Lie :rrj
elbo','rsaccept t,he bull<heild-t,ypeuni orn or eibor';
(ANl332 an,l A.N833). A ilu.d-tig:rt r;eal is accomplished -gth
these iitrj!gj_E!_lsitr-."t
l,{S:87?B O-ring gas}reb forc,ed irrUr-.!ire ch;rri-,ferecl hoie in the female [ee or eltrow
!4-+-

A N T | 2 1E L I ] O W

C o n n e c ' t i o rot f P ' i . u i dL i n e . s

F'lared ,'irtings

Autcnrotive flare-t."'pe firting.s h;lve a 45-deg-ree

fiare cone angle, anc. ib is relatively easl,lo
d i s r r r r g r r i s hr n t : s e [ i c r i n g s f : - c , mi t i r c r a f t f i r r . i n g s
whir:h r:se a il7-degri:e l:iare cone. There are,
hori,eve:, trvg 1;yp6. of ai::crafr fitrir.gs, bo1;h cf
w h i r : h h a v e e s s e n l i a l l l ' t h e s a r n ef l a r e c o n e a n g l e r ,
h,,;,r.inrr,rnotolv
rh.,o^
Firr;--^
" h e r s ef i b t j n g s a r o n o L t n L e l . _
changee:ble.The ol<ler AC fitting rvas usecje-:(Lers i v e L , rt 'e r o u g i r V r , ' o t - i V
d \ t a rI i , a n d s o m e o f t h e s e
fittirgs mar; sLjllbe found. They i,roka gleat deai
I i k e r h e m o r e r ( ) c e n tA N f i t r i n g s , e x c r : p t [ h a r , [ h , :
Lhreacisgo ali trre u'a,r'io t.re f,.arecone or rhetAC
f i r t i ; r g , , , v h i l eo r r h e ,A I J f i t t i n g ; t h t : r ei r ; a s ; h o r _ r j d e i .
b e [ u , s s l jl h e e n d o f r h e l h r r : a d r ;a n i f l h o c o n e . A l u r n i n u m a i i o ' , ' f i t . t i n l l s o f l h e A N c l e s i 5 ; na r e < i - r , e c l
b l u e . u , h i l e A C f i c r . i n g sa r e d y e d e i t h e r g r a y . o r VellCrr\,.

A N { ] 2 7C R O S S
i-

lrlr! r-

|i lll il l i l!

it

tI il ll

A N 8 3 3 E L3 O \ V
F:'Y:li

\:

ll
|

i l l il i
- lJ-.lJL-l/

,--

==
=;

A N 8 3 2L I N I O N

tffMm

t\N941 El_EiCr!1/

_.:

.---\
.

.i-J--\

,r--\

' - l

'

.dEa

rc:

1l

::-l#q

b-x:4
/jG
.:)G
FG
--TiG

l---j[-

A N 9 3 8T E E

.--==:4,

-:

ii
,---.f.-'_-

-\

i-G-\
-<-|

'_<_i

T--f---T--r
ttl

.l Jt t, l

:--.-'...a
-<-4--_:--_:

rJ

AN939EL-BOW

=iL__

ffi-

- c;'

'fhe
F'is. i'-29
threu<lson an,4O fittirtg extencjalL
t,itewav to tlte fLare con,zut\ile thc,.e is a step b e tiueen the end oi the threa.d::an,j. the fla:.rec,oneo n
an AtY fitting.

I
l
t,
i

i-i-r--ri

S{:J

Fi17.3-30 Ty.oicc.l AN f;t.ttirtgs ,for cc,n,oe,crin.g

fla,.ed tubi:.ng

e n G Ef :S

\P Nepal

F L U I DL I N E SA N D F I T T I N G S

EArnrnes

csap.A/ c.

is provide-d bv che
The seal for a flareci ficcing
t
h
e i n s i d - eo f r h e f l a r e
a
n
d
iiu.u.onu of rhe fitling
r
i
g
h
l
e
n
ing of Lhe nul can
of rhe tube. Excessive
intensify a }eak'
and
flare
,".ioutfl' ciistort Lhe
lorque fo)recommended
The
stop il'
r"air"--ii"t
and these
3
3
2
f
o
u
n
d
ilu."-rypu fitcings is
ln .Fig
e
x
c
e
e
d
e
d
'
values should not be

PLtJl/rBIiiG

F i o r t ' l c . s isr l i r r l { s '

F l a r e l e s si i i u i n g s a r c a v a i l a b i ei n a w i d e v a r i e l l ' o i
s h a p e s a n o s l v l e s . a r . r ciin F i g 3 - 3 3 w e s e e s o m e
tvpical [irtings

M 5 2 1 9 2 3A D A P T E R

-)
M S 2 1 9 4U N I O N

REDUCER
MS21916

9 2 6 F L A R E L E S ST U B E
ELBOW'90"

ri

I-,,..---..
I

-'

o o1

prouided

J-JJ

LS.

Tubing
O.D.
r rq

3/16
114
5 / 16
3/8
1t2
f,ro
3t4
7t8
1
1.1'2
1-314
t

1"6

tint

T
h'
r ltc

b7' a

'fl Ll "u i' rr l - t i g h t s e a l

r -L - !i^-^^
ofi the flareci
t - n etnside
, I n : . t : eu
'fiared
i
s
b e t u'.:een
' e e n the
'rube f i t t t n g
lL
and tie 'th.e
flare cone oi the fitti.ng'-Excessiue
nut can domage the flare' rather
of
;i;;t;;;"g
than stoP a LeaR'

Fitting
Size

-2
-3
-4

20.30
30.40
40.65
60.85

',<-1r'a

-6
-8
<a

Aluminum AlloY
Tubing' Nut
Torque
inch'lbs'

1A

-lo

15 0 - 2 5 0
200-350
300-500
500-600
500-700
600-900
600-900
8 5 0 . 10 s 0
9 5 0 . 15 0

M S 2 1 9 OB
8ULKHEAD
E L B O W9 0 '

M S 2 1 9 2 1N U T

S t e e lT u b i n g ,
N u t ,i o r q u e
inch.lbs.

M S 2 1 9 1 3P L U G
9 0 . 10 0
13 5 . 15 0
18 0 . 2 0 0
270.300
450.500
65 0 - 7 0 0
900-1000
10 0 0 . 110 0
400
12 0 0 - 1
1200-1400
1500.1800

3-32 Recommend.ed torque for flare-type fit'

M S 2 1 9 1 4C A P

MS,'YrcjW
Fig..3-33 TYPical

P;\GE:].i

\@

Nepal

AI'JDFITI+NGS.
FLUID LII'.tES;

wFAirrines

cuae:^t/tj.

I'LU]'f3.ili3

F1fuffiffi,ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffit$-'

a
Fig. 3-3'4 .FLet.ibLet
hose Lrauing ::wa.ged-onend fittings
F'itti,ngsfor flexibLeho:;e
c!-.

ISOCKE:T N I P P L I :
trt tt t,
\
t

S'wa1Jed.tn
iittirtgs

ilhere are two b;asictypes c'f fittings available for

f l e x i b l e h o s e . S w a g , : d - o nf i c t i n g s a r e i n s L a l l e d a t .
the frrcilify that manufactures ;he noser,arrd lheser
I i t r i n g s c a n : r o t b e r e m o v e r d a n d r e u , s e d .I f r h e r
h o s e i s r e p l a c e i . L h e e n L i r t :h c ' s ea s s e m b ) y n r u s t
be scrgppedan<la new hose, ':ompiete wilh encl
i i t t i r : . g s ,m u s L b e p u r c h a s e r ia r r d i n s l a l i e d .

/'

soct(ET'
/ NU'r

0. lnte,.mediate-Dressure,hose
'?pr:.r:hi,'fir.r.in-c

nr)r'mallv h:.rp thrce nipces -

r;ock,:L,;i niprple,anrl a ;ruL. The socket.is screrveci

i n L o r h e e n d o f c h e h o s , :b r ' l u : : n i n g i r c o l h e l e f r .
'fhis
I e f t - h a r r dt . r r e a dd : i v e s t h e s o c k e -r i E : h r , x r o
l h e t u b e a s c h e n i p p i e j s s < : r e u ' e d. n t o i r .
, { n i c p } e : ,a r o u n d w h i c l r l h r 3 n u . l i s p l a c e d , s c r e i \ ' : ;
i n c o l h e s o c i r e la n d f o r c e s c h e l u b r : r i g h l b e c r v e e n
l h e r t u L s ; i d eo f L h e n i p p l e a n c . l h e i n s i d e o f ! h r :
r ; o c k e L .T h i : ; s q u e e z i n g a c l i o n p r o " ' i r l e s a ; ; o o d
r j L r o n gp h v s i c a l a [ [ a c h r n e n Lb e [ w e : n L h e i - r o s ea n d
t . h ef i t t i n g , r r n d f o r m s a l e a k - p r o o 1s' e e r l .
'fhe

n u l i s h e l d o n L o L h , :h o s e t r , vt h e n i p p l e a n d i r s
, : r e el o l ; u r n . T I t e i n s i d e o l l h e n i p p i e f o r m s i h e
sealing :;urface which n'raLesw:ith t.heflare:cone of
r:he J:iLting,and Lhr: nr.rl pulis these [wo seeLiing
r : u r f a c e sl o g e l h e r .

NIPPLI:

F i g , 7 - 3 5 T h e r e u . s a b t ee n d f i t t i n g i , c r n n t n t e r m e d i a i l ep , r e s s u r eh o s e i s m a d e u . po r ia .s o ( k , ' - i .a
nippLe, and a nut.
The .!'&F' ma1', nimself. fatricare a fler:ibleirose
n ' i l h r e u s ; a b i ef i ' : c i n g s . T o c i o l h i s . : h e l e n l r ' " r o f
t h e h o s e r n u s L f i r : s t b e c i e l e r m i n e d .T ' h , :i e n g c i t ' e Lween the ends of the fitlings rnust btt Iounci and
becween five arrd r:igh.t percent a,Jc[e,l to th.is
discance for changes in dimensions; of ther t;uce
wilh pressure varialions, and for e:<pansionanci
contnrcLion of t.he aircraft.. Twice tire <ii:;tanqe
be:lwerenthe end of the nipple and thr: inr;i<leo1'Lhe,

P n G Ei :8

B@ZNepal

F L U I DL I N E SA N D F I T T I N G S

EAtnrnes

cH^P:!-.i a. ?LUI'IBIll3

HOSE LENGTH
A S S E M B L YL E N G T H
b e t t r c e r t t h c f i t f i n g . sp, / u ' c t h c r e q u i r e c iJ ' t c t o d ' r t
F i g . 3 - 5 6 T J ^ " el e n s t i t r e u u i r e d i o r a h o s ei s t h e c i i s t o n c e
theend of the nipple ond the ertdrtf t h e h o l e i n
o i t h i s i e n g t hf o r s L c t . c,hr i.r r , t s t t L ' i . cteh e d i s t u n c eb e t u : e e n
the sochet

be subtracled from the required

:l9liiet, m u s l
l p n r t h of the hose.
The hoselength is marked and both ends are cuL
o f f s q u a r e .A s o c k e i i s h e l d i n a v i s e a n d c h e h o s e
is scrlwed into it until i*"borroms against rhe end
of the hoie. The'hose is chen backed off tust
enough t6 prevent the rubber in the inner liner
obscrucringthe hole in the hose'
The end of the assembll' rool is )ubricated and
forced into the hose and worked in and our ancl
Lhe
arounci. Lo open up the inner liner enough for
i
n
'
nrpple to force irs waf

T h e n i p p l e a n d n u L a r e a s s e m b l e do n L h e a s s e m b 1 1 ' t o o la n d l i g h t e n e d s o l h e n i p p l e c a n b e s c r e l \ ' e d i n t o l h e s o c k e l b y t u r n i n g L h er l u r . 1 ' h e n r p p l e

i s t h e n s c r e r v e di n u n t i l t h e n u l b o l r o m s o n t h e
s o c k e r ,a n d L h e ni t i s b a c k e d o f f f r o m I i 3 2 t o L / 1 6
.nut to turn freeii on lhe tube
inch lo allow the
i ut
a s s e m b i l ' .\ \ r h e n t h e a s s e m b i y L o o l i s s c r e w e c o
b
e
b
l
o
wn
h
o
s
e
s
h
o
u
i
d
t
h
e
o f r h e h o s e ,b h e i n s i d e o f
h
o
s
e
ine
n
r
i
r
e
l
h
e
o u r w i l h c o m p r e s s e da i r a n d
h
o
s
e
is
T
h
e
spected as lo its physical condicion'
is
lhat
pressure
to
a
then hydrostaticaiiy tesled
hose'
the
of
pressure
normally lwice lhe working
and this pressure is heid for becweenone and five
ffrhtlroq

VISE \/letr
J
7 AWS JAWS I

HOSE

\i-

(B)
A S S E M B L YT O O L
SOCKET
-----t

S H O UL D E R
OF SOCKET

N I PP L

SE

S HO UL D E R
OF SOCKET

U S EW R E N Cn
ON HEX

ASSEMBLY
TOOL

S W I V E LT Y P E
A DA,PTER
(D)

s f t h e s r t c h e t I. ' r : u u eu s m u l l u m o u i t t
S c r e wt h e e n do f t . h e h o s e i n t o t h e l e i t - h a n < lt . h r e a c l o
Fig. 3-57 Atlle stt,chel'
ltctL,e
in
tlie
ctf
end
httse
and.the
of clearance beluteentllte end ctf the
I - , ",:',',t:.i':,:','::;:
t'ight intct the
ancl fr,trt:ethe tuhe
the
end
out
to
h<tse
open
of'the
it into the'end
,r'Jt;;;';;;r
irl'oi,
tr.tttlancl force the nipp\ intrt thrt s<tcket'Scrett'
soclzet. C - Screw the nippLe and nut onto tlle assem'bly
- Bddtr,:thcpur,o{f;p-baut',L/32;to:.1/J6jnchQrddremoue the"as*'
tlte nut down tight against'the sochet. D

'semffitixi$rniffi,tltdifii&e.

F,Ar3E.
-[c)

R#$U Nepal
Airines
:TF

nNo rtrfiNcs
F L L n DL T N E S

'

A
-------t
(A)

-H/

/t

o
t
J

F'ig .ll-Sfi A - IJlou' out the compr]etedhc,se assembb,u'rth compre.;sec!air. ]] - Ex.zrnint?the tlosefor
a n ^ , 'f c r e i g n t n a t t e r l . n s i d ec f t h e t u b e . I t , . s p o s s i b i e f o r t h e n i p p L e t o : ; h a u e o f f t , \ i n s l i c e sc f t h e i n n , z r
l i n e r . C - I { l t c i . o s t a t i c a L,l - t e s t t h e h c , s eo s s e ' m b , ] t ' t ot u : i c e i ' t sn o r n z a lo p e r a t i ; 1 gF , r e s : ; u r e , , z n d
holLi:his
pressure 1or bettueenone and f;:.uerninute:;.
c . I . o u ' - D r e s s u r el t o . s e
R e u s a b i ee t r d f i t , t , r n g ,m; a y b e a s s e r r r b l e rol r r L ol o i v p t - e s s l r e h o s , : i n n t u c h : . h e s a n t e v / a \ / a s : . sd o n e
w i L h h i g l : - p r e s s u r eh o s e ,b u t . t h e s o t ' t r u b b e l rr n n e r
l i n e r n . r a l i e sl h e u s e ,o f a n a s s e m l > l r ' l o o I u r r n e -

c e s s a r J ' . , \ f i : t i n g c z L nb e s c r r e w e di n r o l h e r r u . Li , c
h c l d t h e n r p p l e , a n d r h e s o c k e r i s s i i n p e c iq r 1 : , .: ]r 1 c
e n d o l t f L e h o s e r a t , h e r c h a . nb e i n g s c r e r v e do n .
\ \ : h e n I n n u c i s r i g h r e n e c ia s a i n s r .t . h : s c c ! : e . -r. :
s h o u l d b e b a c k e c ,o f f i u s t e r o u g : ht i r a r i h e n r r t c a n
curn freelr'.
I

L__
t"ig.;i-;)!) A -

! 1 1 1 1 t - p r ? . \ s u rlet ,t s e e n d f i t t i r t g , e s L i no u c r t h e , z n d o i t h e ) t o s e ,r,a t h e r t lton screu otr as tL,,e

B - ,\ t'it ting .sc.-e&,, z di , n t o t h e n u t u i r ' l hc'ld t.he,zi.oqtLe'
so it

inl errrtr:di.al
c- o n d lt i..gh -pre.sslr r( Irosc.s do.
c o n b c s c r e t te' c l i n t < s t l t e s o c J ; c t .

VZ Nepal

F L U I DL I N E S A N D F I f i I N G S

EAtntnes

Fig.340A_Strtpofft}teou-tercouerf,romthehigh.pressurehoseodistanceequaltotheinsidedepth
-;;.",:
*'" t1i'1""i:-';;:i:t:::::-:::,t:!:,"?r;,!!f[i':::i1:f:i."?:*
hose
rwisttLte
B -- .'.*'!1
u
socket'
thesocnet
oi
oi the
"'" "i:: gree,n
sochetand the hose'Leaue
:::::-";^^;"'';'
thp nipple
ninnLeinto the soche
Screwttte
D
hose'

oiL forblack hose"' "r*ii soayfor

betweenthe nippte hexand the socbet'
between1i32-ond li\6-inch cieataice

d.

IIigh'oressure hose

braids and a
I{igh-pressure hose having Lwo wire
into a hose assmooLhouler cover can be made
inlermediale
r""-,Ufy in much lhe same wa'\' as the
is that the
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
b
a
s
i
c
T
h
e
h
o
s
e
'
p."tttt.
for a
iut". cote. musl be scripped from lhe hose
distance equal lo the depth of the sockel'
filfing be'
i n F i g . 3 - 4 0 w e s e ea h i g h - p r e s s u r eh o s e
on the
ing iistalled. This one has a male,thread
and
riut'
nifiple, ralher Lhan provisions ro lbf "
is
nipple
The
,o-irl urr"*bly tooi is not needed'
sockeL
fhe
into
]ubricated and screwed directly
and into the hose'

The nippte or the inslallation lool may be iubricared with mineral oil if lhe hose is used for
applications,bul if the hose has a
mineral-base
Buryi liner aid is used for Skydrol applicalions'
iiberaliywith Iiquid
tn. ,,ippt"musl be IubricaLed
soap.
aircraft
The hieh pressures LhaL exisl in mosl
crilical
extremely
ihe
and
sysLems
;yi.";k
impor-'
it
exlremely
make
lines
.rutur. of the fluid
prolesled
and
fabricated
be
|ani Lha! all hoses
difficulthe
of
because
and
reason'
perly. For this
ii is
ly in urru*biing some of the larger hoses'
bo
ho.ses be
.i-rnon practice for all replacemenb

pu..n"."a from the facfory which produced bhe

TAU:.

Nepat
Wtr
ffi@trAirlines

; i \ I DF I T ' I I N G S,
F L U I DL I I J E S A
^

t^

c H A P rA t C .
a i r c r i l f L o r f r o m a p P r o v r l dI = U a L t 5 L - i
e q u i p r p e cbl o f a b r i c a t ; ea n d L U : ! L I I t r : :
i ^ ^ -

11

tl:

.--iat

a:

SUPPORT
LEA,ST:l/4
E D G EO F

* L ^ . . -

F l u . i d L i n e I n s t a l i et t o n

1/I

PLUi::iill3

=1
I

I
ROMME'I

t7outing an'j Secu rt rtg

l\ll fiuid lines should t,e rouied t.,:rugh :ne ai:'

-...':1.
hi.-''e t]-..,
c:rafL in su<:h a q'av tha [ :ire,r.hn.lpqf

n r a r - r i c a l l" -e" n qb ' l h' ."

Ilr::

-:.

[o.

D I S I A I . J C E3 = T W E E t , I
)urFUn

\i

- t-

sal.:= o.: af,

[ ) e a r a n c ar n r ] e a s e o f a r , t a c h n i : n L .: . . , r f ' t : - e i i n = = ,
s h o u l d f r r l l o r vl h e s : r u c c u r a l n e r n i * : s o i : h e a : :
c r a fr a n c ls h c u l c lb e s e c u r e t ir ' , ' : r ht : . . a p p : ' o o r i a : i
c l a m p s l o t b e s t , r u c l u r e .I n F ! ; 1 . 3 - { - v , ' ei = . r ' e c i . t
e , p p r o x i r n a l esrp a c i n g o l t , h esr u r p o : : . r e c u : : e < l i o :
rigid fluid lines.

T U B EO: . D .

<-.!

|5

/r\\

){J

L-

Fig. 3'-a2 Stpprtrt all f,!uid lines uthere tl;.e'vpass

throuqh tt hcle in the structure.

1/8-3/1i
14"

1/4.,5/16

[-

J,O - uZ

to

5/8- 3/4
1 - 1-1!4

22"
3C"
Aa"

l- trz - a

Irig.3-41 Spoclng bettteens*)pocraft tubing

'?r

r::tQ

Q.:

) t r s i m p , o r t a n lt h a t l h i : r e b e r o p ( r : . . i r i i i i - .o' l ' t i . ,
l i n p c h a I i n oa r ' : i n s t .a n l c o : : : o l c c : - : o l ' : ] o I L i o : :
o f r h e a i r c r a f l s t , r ! c L u r a: .n i 1 : m u s - r o l b = a l l o " ' . ed lo come in conLa,:: u'rir. eli- -:ical i'.-iri:.;:
b u n d l e s o r c o n d u i t c a r r v i n g e i e c r : ' : : . :n ' i r : s . I f : :
is inrnosrsihle
L r r s e " n a r a t ef i u . C l i : . . = f r c = e l e t .
u
'
i
r
e
b
u
ndle:;, the rti:t br::.:ie r:usr- br'
t,rical
r o u L r : d r a b o r ; et , h e f l u . c I i n e . a r r c : : r : : s l
r.I
o
l
f
)
e
p
:
,
:
'
.
s
t
:
'
,
:
(
:
:
u
r
?
1
.
:.
e
]
r
t
c : l a r n p e ds e c u r e . \ '
c o n r . ; r c'r'tbq. i t" ".' h ef l r r i c]i i n t . U n i = : n ( ' , , : i l u n : s : a n c r : :
s ; h o u l dx r v i r ' :b u n c i l : b e s u p p , - . - ' - g: i' : i u " . . i n e ' : : '
'n.

iinp rar-\'in('

flamr;allle

l:''lrc

. \ l i b e n d sn r , r s l b e l o c a t e oi n s ' . : c h , r. ' . : \ ' 1 i " . : :l h ' . .

< : a nb e s ; u p F , o r L ( ltcr vi c i a r : r p s s c ) i : . : : t i ' t ' i s t . r e : , ,
I r o m v i b r a L i o na n c i f r o r : i e x p a n s i t , : ' n c i i r r r : r . r a c I r/rr1 c nr\l n laceC
o r l h c , f i c t - i n rA l l : - : r s o : : u b i r . :
have at le,rst one benci it?i rr'-:: i h e : : : c i n g , i
t.oat)sorb Lhesest riltns

rnust
-...---

A l l l i n c s c ; t r r v i t r s [ u e l m u s ' . b e ; . , :rdeci l c, Iie

j 'r'np
i:'rlnn-'
s L r u , : l u r eb , r ,u s i n g ir -l rr ^L,t ,r -t ^s 1r d1r,l .- \ i. -. ^r u, -l r. li r : _
clan'rps.
' " ' -

- _ t t s - l i

F i , 7 ,3 - 4 3 A i l t u : b i n g s h o u l d i t a u , z a r l e o s t o r ; e
be,tci:o obsc'rbthe strain:;from uLbratior'",zni
l r c m t h e d i r n e n s i o r , , a lc h a n g e s o f t , \ e z i ' ' c ' c i t
<it'ttai'tra

rlrro

tn

tomnorlrttro

e ,\nn

qr'<

Flexit,ie lluici lines rnus[ have betrveen five anc

e i g h t p e r : e n l s i a c k . r o a l l r r r . r ' f o rl h e c h , r n g , :i r .
c i i r n e n s i o r i so f t f r e h o s e c a r r s e d b 1 ' t b e p r e s s u : e
a n c l f c r v i b r a c i o r : a n c i e : < p a n s i o no i l ; h e a i r f : : a r n e .
I t i s i r n o o r c a n Ll h a t l h e I a v l i n e ' b e s : r , l i g i r Lr v h e n
t h r : h o s e i s i n s r a l i e d .A n 1 ' s p i r a 1 i n go f l h e I a v I i n e
i s a n r n c i i c a t i o nL e a r l h e h o s e u , . a s[ t ' i s L e d w n e n i i
u ' e . * si n s l ; r l l e c l . a n d i t . r ' i l l b e u n d r : r a i n u n i r i e
a n ) o u r ) [ o f s t , r a i n w . r e n t h e l r e i s p r e r s r ; u r ei n i h e
line.
If a i'luicl line rnust pass near a hob exhau:st
m a n i f , : l d , t h e i i n e rm r r s I l : e p r o t e c t e d b y a : ; u i t a b l e
fire shield. For this purpose an asbes;os braid
may be faslened around lhr: hose.

PplGE:22

F L U I DL I N E SA N D F I T T I N G S

:
i

wRoNG

Rx

' I

\\
RIGHT

WRONG

fri
U

(B)

(A)

WRONir

WRONG

F{lL:n I

(D)

WRONG

a lnL Y. x. i b l e h o s em u s t n o t b e s t r e t c h e ctl i g h t b b t u { e n t w o f i t t i r t g s . I t m u s t h a u e b e l r o e e n
n"','':!::!::1
_ The Lay line must run straight aLong
;iue and eight percen't sLach. B
'thenear e hot exhaust
:::^,,:,',:,:':,
manifotd it
,oitn..J
is
tine
wtLen a'ftexibLe
il was instayed. c
;;;"
;;r";;;;t;;;:;
t.ouchtlte hot metal. D - Be sure to <tbserue
must be securedto the aircraft structure so'Ehatit cannot
haue
been better to use a 90o elbow for one of
wouLd
the minimum bend radius when installing hose.It
lnse to a mouable cylind'er' F
these fittings. E - Be sureto altow sufficient slachwhen attaclting a
hose'
Always usi the Proper fittings to preuent unwieldy lengths of
.,-

o r,

f Lg. J44

^
't) -.n

PAciE 2:'

\@l 'NePal
ffiYAirlines

F L U I D L I N E SA N D F I T ' T I N 3 5
,.,

I L i s i r n p o r l a r t t . i r i i l -; h e m o r r s r n e d (o l a c L u a L i n g
x l. r r e na l l z L c h i : r gt h e i r f i u i d
c : r ' l : n c i c rbr se c c ' n s i d o r - r w
'fhere
i
r
p
n
o kinking of Lhe liries al
n
r
u
s
t
.
iiners.
o l ' l h r l c v l i n d e r so r i n a t t v
l
r
a
i
,
:
r
l
l
h
e
o
f
eitlierend
i
'
r
i
t
.
t
i n L r : r m e d i a l eS r o s i

U}\J

4
5
6
6

The mininrurrr b,'rrd raciius must be observt:d

w h , : n i n s l t L l l i n gf i e x i i , i e l i n e i o b e s u r e L h z r tL. h e
h o s e i s n o t e x , i c s i s ii '\l v s L r a i r r e d .
i f a f l u i d I i n e r n u s I r , 'r o u L e crih r o u g t rE J ) a s s e n g e r
co
' lrlo r , l r e v /c o m p r r r L m e r l io r r . h r c u g i -a b ' a g p ; a g
l
v
a
'
;
'
l
h
ai
i
l
e
i
n
i
n
s
i
a
l
i
e
C
s
u
c
h
a
n
t
u
s
L
i
l
partm(inL.
p
a
ss
!
\
'
h
,
:
r
e
i
i
n
e
s
h
a
n
d
h
o
i
d
.
a
a
s
u
s
;
e
c
i
i t . c a n n o Lb e
p
r
o
L
e
c
l
eci
r
v
e
l
i
.
t
h
e
v
m
L
l
s
t
b
e
r
v
h
e
e
l
rhrough a
m
a
1
'
b
e
r
o
c
k
s
c
l
i
r
r
l
h
a
t
I
n
a
t
r
d
f
r
(
.
from abrasior
v
'
e
l
l
w
h
e
'
n
i
s
c
n
L
h
e
a
i
r
p
l
a
n
e
r
l
r
i
n
t
o
rhrown up
tht grountl.

M t Nt t i u i i
B E ND F A D I U S

I{UT\TBER

?tt

3-3/8"
5"
c a IArt
v-!rt

c- ut
^ I trl
t .:'t.1

_ -t6

E - 5 ; "/ t

M I N I M U MB E N D R A D I U SF O R
F]E
F'RESSI.J
I NTERM EDIAI-E.
F L E X . I B LIE- I O S E
F i g . 3 a 5 . M i n i m u r t , ) e n d r a d i i f o r t n t er r n e ' a ' . c : e D r e : ; s u r ef t e x i b L ef t u i c i l i n e s

t-

II

t--lr
I e00Kt
j.' i"'

FUi

ir-]:'
FFIri';".
:i::i;

FUEL

l':.

:l'":
i R00Kr

L_l

o
o
o
o

t;*
i

Vlf lall

rNIilil0N
i
fr - ili

lNJl,,il0N

Fr,sj.

lj..

]OMPNESSED
GCS
00t'lPilESS:)
lr{:

"\''liiF

'j3:,;

:coi{ciTiL\
t;i;:;

/'1ll

,CCiiliTlol'l
't;,:..1
'.,:lt,\lA

'IIECIIiCAL

'\.;fii{Mi
:tius
'",f":i

,llrCTllCLL
ii-:cC${i.JtT

\::

i;]
i| o'a/,

l*'
l*i

t__i

L
Oolo, c<trles

PAGE:2{

\eZ Nenal
:\-

F L U I DL I N E SA N D F I T T I N G S

gfunrnes

c Hj . ?

- r i i t i u i t i l i n e s s h o u l c ii . r cc l e a r l r m a r k e t l u ' i L i i a
c < , i r ' cr ro c i ei o i d e n i i i v t . h e i rt ' o n L e t l L si .n F i g . i l a 6
\ , , , . s, e e L i r e s l . a n i a r r c cl o l o r c o c i e r sf o r f l u i d l i n e s
i : a c i i r r r r ,a' .i o t t gv ' ' i t . ht . h ec o l o r e ds t . r i p e si.s n r a r k '
( , ( : \ \ ' r ' i l :a s e i - i e so i s v l n i l o i s L h a i a l l o u ' s a c r l i o r l r l : r r i i e c h n i c : i l r tno i c i t r r l ' . i i lvh e I i n e s . i n a c i c i i t i o n
t si s. p r o p e l ' f o r s o l r l eo I L ] i e l i n e s
Lr,'.i..L.sc'cocie
( ' a ; - : -l i l g f u e l i o b e r : . : a r k e rud' i t - h L h e r v o r d F i ' ' A i \ 4
i r , i c i e n ' . . i frri r e i i n e a r sc a r t ' r ' i n ga f l a m n r a b l ef i u i d
l - l n e s c a r r - r ' i r t Igr a i e r i a l s t . h a t a r e p h v s i c a l l vd a n g r . i o u st : r a r -b e m a : k e d r l i L h c h e r v o r d P H D A \
E

Lhcr-:
cut oiiii,"ini
etLnc:'

ne\\
ui

ld!t

!"/ C ,

: L;l':-- I'l:'

s u r l a c e sc a r e l u l i ve x a m i n e o .I f
iir.'.rre iiiiing n'ill haveuo tle
, , s 5g p l r s g i i l i n e r o i n s r a l l a n e \ ( '
' , 1 .6 o n e l i r - h el r n e i s n o t l o n g
' .l : s i l p ' o i r e p a r r . t , h e I i n e q ' i i l
: i , o l a c , : do l . i . l r ei i n e c u i o f f a n d a

r , s n : r c c i o r . .u s i n g : h e a P - : : - o '
NULS.

I i ' . i r e : ' ei s m i n o : c i a n r a g ct o a p i e c e o f h i g h ' ecut out ano a

p r e s s u : et u b l n g . ' , : e 'c i a m a g em a , r b
t u L s i n s l a l l e do n L h et u b e .
u n r o n a n c it h e c o : r - e c n

S c r r ' ic i t t . E

1 i a i l u i c il i n e i e a k s a l a f i t r i n g , a l l o f t h e p r e s s u r e
sirouidbe lemoved from the line and lhe iiLiing
cnecked for rhe proper [orque. IL is never propei
' r o o l e i - L o r Q u ea f i r r i n g i n t h e a t L e m p l l o s L o p a
i e a k . I i a f i m i n g l e a k s a f t e r i L i s a s s u r e dt h a l i l
h a s i h e p r o p e r L o r o u e 'L h en u t s h o u l d b e u n s c r e u ' -

I f t h e r e a r e s c r a i c i r e si n a p i e c e o f r i g i d r u b i n g
that io -not exceei ten pelcenl of rhe rube s'all
rhicknessa
. n d l h e r . a r en o L i n r h e h e e lo f r h e b e n d ,
thel nrav be iiurnrsheo out bv using a smooth
r o o ] i o m o i ' e L l - r em e t a l r a i s e d u p b e s i d e i h e
scratci oact inro 'he depression'

(A)

(B)

rff.Hl l--T-{tul-L-t---l;-

-LENGTH'

:---1

u n " o n c n d t r r : on u t s
Fig. |)47 A - IlePair to a h i { h - p r c s s t t r er i g i d f l u i d l i t w b , - u s i n g a
L
i
n
c
o
I
high-pressttre fluici line bY s p l i c i t t g i n a n e w s e c t i o n

B - RePair to a