Geology field trip Jebel Hafeet

Deyiree Agreda
BlueEDGE 1 G&G

CONTENT
Introduction

Stopped 1

Stopped 2

Stopped 3

Porosity and Permeability

Petroleum system element possible traps

Suggestion of tools to get Porosity (Primary and Secondary) and Permeability

How can you determine the presence of any PS elements using GR. Any suggestion
on the tools that can help identify Traps or migration paths?

How would the lithology be interpreted from seismic, logs, core?

What are the problems you would have to watch out for if you come across such formation
when viewing it in well logs or seismic?

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Lower Rus Formation Fractures

Figure 2. Lower Rus Formation Calcareous Rudstone

Figure 3. Upper Rus Formation

Figure 4. Dammam Formation

Introduction
The Jebel Hafeet is an asymmetrical anticlinal structure in The East of Abu Dhabi Emirate, in the
border between the UAE and Oman. The north northwest south-southeast oriented structure is 29 km in
length, up to 4.2 km wide and reaches a maximum elevation of 1,168 m.
The goal of the geology field trip is understanding the complexity of the surfaces in order to
understanding the complexity of the sub-surface. This prominent mountain exhibit a carbonates textures and
fossil assemblages that can give us an idea of the depositional settings of the unit and also exhibit many
large and small scale structural features where we can imagine and contemplate their role like a trapping
mechanisms. The carbonate is one of the most common source rock of the Petroleum System in the world,
as a first part of this report I will show it some important pictures taken it during the field trip and at the end
of the report I will give it a brief description about the permeability and porosity about the two formations
visited during the Jebel Hafeet field trip, as well as Suggestions about tools that we would include in the BHA
(Bottom Hole Assemble) to get Porosity (Primary and Secondary) and Permeability and identify Traps or
migration paths, possible traps of the Petroleum system element, how we can determine the presence of
petroleum system elements using GR, how the lithology would be interpreted from seismic, logs and cores,
and what are the problems we would have to watch out for if we come across such formation when viewing
it in well logs or seismic. During the field trip we were able to visit two formation: Rus Formation (Lower and
Upper) and Dammam Formation (Mudstone and Limestone).
Stopped 1 Lower Rus Formation.

Figure 1. Lower Rus Formation. Fractures

The Lower Rus formation, it is a Calcareous Rudstone of shallow water environment. In both part of
the (Figure 1) we can see the presence of silts and fractures, on the left a closed asymmetrical fracture which
means cero permeability-high porosity and in the other hand on the right an opened symmetrical fracture
which means high permeability-high porosity, this fracture have a direction NS-EW.

Figure 2. Lower Rus Formation Calcareous Rudstone

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A brief demonstration about high and low porosity (Figure 2), the bottle in the picture represent the
scale. On the left side we can see the fluid pathway in an opened fracture that represent a high porosity. With
regard to the other side of the picture we can see Calcite crystals filled or cemented which means a low o
cero porosity. This part of the formation has presence of fossil content with a flat morphology.
Stopped 2 - Upper Rus Formation

Figure 3. Upper Rus Formation

Reverse Faults in the Upper Rus Formation (Figure 3), deep water marine environment with
interlayer laminated. In this part of the formation there is not presence of fossil content.
Stopped 3 Dammam Formation

Figure 4. Dammam Formation.

Samples of Foraminifera from the Dammam Formation (Figure 4). The Dammam is an Eocene
Formation of shallow water environment.
Petroleum system element possible traps
It's known that the Rus Formation is a sequence of well bedded massive limestone, nodular
limestone with chert bands and nodules of Early Eocene age, divided in two units, the lower unit is dominated
by nummulitic packsotnes and rudstones with poorly defined meter- to decameter-scale bedding and
nodular appearance, interpreted as representing deposition in a shallow water marine environment. The
upper unit comprises thinly bedded wackestones and mudstones hosting bands of irregulary-shaped
nodules of chert. This unit is inferred to have been deposited in a relatively-deep marine shelf environment.
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With regard to the Dammam Formation is a Middle to Late Eocene formation with alternating
sequence of thin bedded hard nummulitic limestones (grainstones) and marls.
Three mainly carbonate formations were deposited in Jabal Hafeet area within the Arabian Peninsula
during the Tertiary, The Rus and Dammam formation belong to these mainly formations. During the
Peleocene to Early Eocene active compression ceased, and sediments were deposited within the remnant
foredeep-setting, where the carbonate Rus formation has been deposited. This has been followed by the
deposition of the Dammam formation in a structural setting. Both formation can be a good representations of
a possible reservoir rock.
Porosity and Permeability
The carbonate formation is one of the most common reservoir in the world. The sediments in these
formation is composed of particles with a wide range of sizes and shapes mixed together forming a multitude
of depositional textures. All carbonate sediments have sufficient porosity and permeability to qualify as
reservoir rocks. It can be classify like a Carbonate formation with a complexity porosity structure.
Suggestion of tools to get Porosity (Primary and Secondary) and Permeability
Density Tool is the primary indicator of porosity, the tool can be used by itself or can be run in
combination with other tools, such as the compensate neutron, which is a good combination to obtain porosity
accurately. Another tool that can be used for identify permeability is the sonic Tool. Regarding with the
permeability we have to calculate using these log, but is not measured directly by them.
How can you determine the presence of any PS elements using GR. Any suggestion on the tools that
can help identify Traps or migration paths?
Gamma ray logs measure the natural gamma ray emissions from subsurface formations. The clean
sand (free of shale) and the carbonates has low concentrations of radioactive material, therefore, they give
a low lectures of gamma ray. When the shale content increase, the profile of gamma ray increase due to the
concentrations of radioactive material in shale. In that way we can identify the presence of a Petroleum
System using Gamma ray. The presence of faults can be identify by the repetition of strata in the same
borehole.
How would the lithology be interpreted from seismic, logs, core?
The lithology can be interpreted from the logs using special tools, for example Gamma ray that can
be measure the natural gamma ray emissions from subsurface formations, or electrical logs like Spontaneous
potential. The seismic can be used for identify the different caps of the subsurface due to the density of each
lithology. The core are samples taken from the subsurface and is the way more accurate for identify lithology.
What are the problems you would have to watch out for if you come across such formation when
viewing it in well logs or seismic?
The quality and resolution of the reflection seismic data from rocks suffer from their structural
complexity. The complexity of carbonate rocks seismic responses is related mainly to their much more
complex porosity structure like in our formations and fluid heterogeneity. Carbonate rocks are often densely
fractured, which adds heterogeneity to their porosity and permeability structure, but also add complexity to
the reservoir properties and fluid flow pattern.