Assignment #1

ME5053 - Finite Element Analysis of Composites

Capital University of Science and Technology

Assignment #1
ME5053 - Finite Element Analysis of Composites

Muhammad Shahid Shafiq

DME 153001

Assignment #1

ME5053 - Finite Element Analysis of Composites

Muhammad Shahid Shafiq

DME 153001

Assignment #1

ME5053 - Finite Element Analysis of Composites

Muhammad Shahid Shafiq

DME 153001

Question 1:
Using the principal of virtual work and variational approach find out the displacement function u(x) and
stress function (x) for a cylindrical rod held vertically and constrained fully from the top. First assume a
linear displacement function and then a quadratic one.
a. The rod is subjected to its own weight only.
b. The rod is subjected to its own weight and a point load P at the free end.
c. Calculate the numerical values at top, mid and bottom (free end) if
Density = 77.0 kN/m3
Diameter d = 8 mm
Length l = 40 m
Modulus of elasticity E = 200 GPa

a. Rod subjected to its own weight

W
d

Assuming linear displacement

displacement function:
= +

(1a)

Boundary condition at the top:

0=

=0 =0

=0

The only non zero strain is

simplifies to

and there is not surface tractions. The PVW (principle of virtual work)

=0

(2a)

Page 3 of 16

Assignment #1

ME5053 - Finite Element Analysis of Composites

Muhammad Shahid Shafiq

DME 153001

From the assumed displacement

=

Substituting in (2):

2
=0

=0

=0

=0

Substituting in (1):
=

!
"#

Assuming quadratic displacement function:

= +
+

(1b)
Boundary condition at the top:
0=

=0 =0

=0

The only non zero strain is

simplifies to

and there is not surface tractions. The PVW (principle of virtual work)

From the assumed displacement

=

=0

(2b)

Page 4 of 16

Assignment #1

ME5053 - Finite Element Analysis of Composites

Muhammad Shahid Shafiq

DME 153001

+2

+2

Substituting in (2b):

+2

+2

+2

and

4
01 2
3

Putting

1
3

'

4" =

4
3

4
3

'

+, -

'

"#

1
6

1
6

=0

+, /
'

=0

'
'

4
3

have arbitrary (virtual) values we get:

Subtracting (4b) from L*(3b):

1
3

+4

+'

+2

Since

'

'

=0
+
'

3
'

=0

* =0

=0

* =0

(3b)
(4b)

1 1
0 2 = 0
2 3

= 0

in (3b) gives:

=0

=0

Page 5 of 16

Assignment #1

ME5053 - Finite Element Analysis of Composites

45 =

Substituting

Muhammad Shahid Shafiq

DME 153001

!
78 in (1b):

"#

"!

b. Rod subjected to its own weight and a point load P at the free end

W
L

P
Assuming linear displacement function:
= +

(1a)

Boundary conditions:
0=

=0 =0

=0

The only non zero strain is

simplifies to

and there is not surface tractions. The PVW (principle of virtual work)

From the assumed displacement

=

=0

(2a)

Page 6 of 16

Assignment #1

ME5053 - Finite Element Analysis of Composites

Muhammad Shahid Shafiq

DME 153001

Substituting in (2):

=0

Substituting in (1):

9
=0

=0

=0

=0

Assuming quadratic
quadratic displacement function:
= +
+

(1b)
Boundary condition at the top:
0=

=0 =0

=0

The only non zero strain is

simplifies to

and there is not surface tractions. The PVW (principle of virtual work)

From the assumed displacement

=

=0

(2b)

+2
Page 7 of 16

Assignment #1

ME5053 - Finite Element Analysis of Composites

Muhammad Shahid Shafiq

DME 153001

+2

Substituting in (2b):
+2

%
%

Since

+2

+2

and

+2

'

4
01 2
3

Putting

'

1
3

4" =

+4

'

"#

+, -

1
6

1
6

+, /
'

:
;

45 =
Substituting

4
3

4
3

'
'

<
=#

=0

: ;

=0

(
+

4
3

'

'

+
3

'

'

=0

=0

=0

=0

=0

(3b)
(4b)

1 1
0 2 = 0
2 3

= 0

in (3b) gives:

Subtracting (4b) from L*(3b):

1
3

have arbitrary (virtual) values we get:

+'

=0

=0

78 in (1b):
Page 8 of 16

Assignment #1

ME5053 - Finite Element Analysis of Composites

"!

"#

Muhammad Shahid Shafiq

DME 153001

<
=#

Analytical Solution
The governing differential equation with constant distributed load is f:
+> =0

Integrating twice:

= >

= > +
>
+
2

Boundary conditions:
? = 0

=0
=9

=9+>
=

>
+ 9+>
2

A "
5

+ < + A!
"
=#

when P=0 and > =

with > =

=0

=0

? =

>

Page 9 of 16

Assignment #1

ME5053 - Finite Element Analysis of Composites

Numerical Values

B = 77.0

Muhammad Shahid Shafiq

DME 153001

EF
G/

Diameter
= 8 II
Length
= 40 I
Modulus of Elasticity
= 200 J97
0 =0
77 10' LI'
20 I =
P2 40 I 20 I Q 20 I = 0.231 II
2 200 10O LI
Density

77 10' LI'
40 I =
2 200 10O LI
Linear
Location
x=0
x = 20 m
x = 40 m

0
0.154 mm
0.308 mm

P2 40 I 40 I Q 40 I = 0.308 II

Quadratic
=

0
0.231 mm
0.308 mm

Analytic

0
0.231 mm
0.308 mm

Page 10 of 16

Assignment #1

ME5053 - Finite Element Analysis of Composites

Muhammad Shahid Shafiq

DME 153001

Question
Question 2:
2:
Write down the interpolation (shape functions), element stiffness matrix (K), Strain Displacement matrix
(B), and consistent nodal force vector (f) for the following type of elements
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

1D linear rod/bar elements (2 node) single DOF per node

1D Quadratic rod/bar elements (3 node) single DOF per node
1D linear truss elements (2 node) two DOF per node
2D Plane stress triangular elements
2D Plane strain triangular elements
2D Plane stress rectangular elements

1. 1D linear rod/bar elements (2 node) single DOF per

per node
ue1

ue2
Ae, E, he

e
f 1

e
f 2

fe

>R = distributed load

> R = force at end 1
> R = force at end 2
R
= displacement at end 1
R
= displace at end 2

Element properties:
R = cross section area
R = length
E = modulus

Displacement function can be assumed as:

= T + T
7? = 0 =
=T
7? = =
= T +T
= U1 V

Shape function can be defined as:

LR W = 1 W
LR W = W

W=

0 W 1
R
Matrix notation:
= YL R

= % 1

LRZ [

R\

= ]^

([

R\

Page 11 of 16

Assignment #1

Axial strain:
_R =

=%

ME5053 - Finite Element Analysis of Composites

LR (

= %

1
R

1
([
R

Element strain displacement matrix Be:

`^ = %

1
R

1
(
R

R\

= `^

Stress is:
aR = _R = ` ^
Using strain energy and work done by nodal forces:
1
1
1 c
c c
b=
a c _ d =
f f d=
)
fc f
2 e
2 e
2
e
1
1
1
1 c
>
i[ \ =
g= >
+ >
= h
j
>
2
2
2
2
conservation gives:
1 c
1 c
)
fc f d * =
j
2
2
e
)

fc f

For bar element stiffness matrix is:

op
1/R
Ym R Z =
0[
\ h1/R
1/R

d*

k =l

k = element stiffness matrix.

1/R i2

Equivalent nodal force becomes:

>R R 1
>R
hj R i =
s t + [ R\
>
2 1

Muhammad Shahid Shafiq

DME 153001

d*

=j

1 1
q
r
1 1

2. 1D Quadratic rod/bar elements (3 node) single DOF per node

u1

u2

f1

u3
3

f2

Assuming a polynomial as:

W =u +u

+ u' W

Page 12 of 16

Assignment #1

ME5053 - Finite Element Analysis of Composites

u1

u2

u3

W=0

W = 1

u =

W =

W =

+U

u =

W W1
2

'

W=1

w/ xwy

VW + 0

+ 1W

u =

+L

L =

+ L'

'

N2

N1
u1

_=

_=

Stiffness matrix:
Y}Z =

2W

fc f

W=0

Strain displacement matrix:

vx

v vz

u3

2 2W 1
%
2W
R
2

B=o q

'

N3

2W

L' =

u2
1

'

W W+1
2

L = 1W

v vx

W = 1

wy x w- xw/

2
2

Shape functions of quadratic element:

W =L

Muhammad Shahid Shafiq

DME 153001

d=

vz

W=1

2W + 1
({
2

'

r
fc f

R
W=
2

R
2

fc f

W=

7
1 8
~1
7 8
3R
8 8 16

Page 13 of 16

Assignment #1

ME5053 - Finite Element Analysis of Composites

Muhammad Shahid Shafiq

DME 153001

3. 1D linear truss elements (2 node) two DOF per node

u2y
u2x
2

u1y
u1x

Element stiffness matrix in global coordinates:

}=

+P

4. 2D Plane
Plane stress triangular elements
Plane stress
Plane strain

x
x
x

y
x
x

z
x

x
x
x

y
x
x

z
x
-

xy
x
x

xz
-

yz
-

u1y
u1x

u2y

u2x

u1y
u1x
1

Shape function:
, L

, L

L =

+L

+L

7 + +
2

+ L'

+ L'

'

'

Page 14 of 16

Assignment #1

ME5053 - Finite Element Analysis of Composites

L =

L' =

7 + +
2
7' + ' + '
2

= ?78 77 =

7 =

7 =
7 =

'

'

'

_=

Strain displacement:
f=

1
~0
2

= ' =

= =

YZ =

1 0
fc f

'

'

' = ' =

Element stiffness matrix:

[K]=

1
1
? ~1
2
1

'

Muhammad Shahid Shafiq

DME 153001

'

= fh i

0
'
'

1
1
2

d = fc f ?

t = thickness of the element

0
0

'
0
'

A = surface area of the element

5. 2D Plane strain triangular elements

Strain displacement:
f=

1
~0
2

Element stiffness matrix:

YZ =

'
0
'

1
~
1 + 1 2
0

0
'
'

1
0

0
0
0.5

Page 15 of 16

Assignment #1

ME5053 - Finite Element Analysis of Composites

[K]=

fc f

Muhammad Shahid Shafiq

DME 153001

d = fc f ?

6. 2D Plane stress rectangular elements

v4

v3
u4

u3

2b
v2
v1

u2

u1
2

2a
Shape functions:

, = . L

L = .

L' = .

L = .

Kronecker delta property:

1
7? 8
L , = s
0 7? ? 8
Completeness:
. L = 1

. L

Strain displacement matrix:

0
'
1 .

0
f=
~ 0
47
.

fc f

Striffness matrix:
[K]=

...

fwc fw
fc fw

d;

d;

, = . L

L. = .

'

m
}=~
m

fc f

'

. L =

0
.

fwc f

'

d;

d;

0
.

m

m

0
'

'

'

0
'

fwc fw
fc fw

d ; ...

d ; ...

END.

Page 16 of 16